漢英句子翻譯技巧下市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

第六章：漢英句子翻譯技巧（下）一、教學(xué)目的：要求純熟理解句子翻譯技巧，從而在漢英翻譯時做到通順、準(zhǔn)確。二、教學(xué)過程：重譯法語態(tài)變換法無主句譯法翻譯練習(xí)第1頁第1頁7.無主句譯法ChineseandEnglishhavedifferentsystemsofsubjectsandpredicates.SubjectsinEnglishareusuallyassumedbynouns,nounphrasesorstructuresthathavesimilarfunctionslikenominalclauses,butinChinesebyalotofotherelements.ThefollowingisalistoftheelementsthatactassubjectsinChinese.MorecanbegotintheNote.nounsornounphrasesassubjects春天過去了。一本五毛錢。工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)得到了大發(fā)展。長江一帶是水稻產(chǎn)區(qū)。(2)verbsorverbphrasesassubjects說比做容易。堅持下去就是順利。專心地聽才干聽懂。吃苦,他不怕。(3)Adjectivesoradjectivephrasesassubjects勤儉是一個美德。甜滋滋,挺好吃。第2頁第2頁A.Addingsubjects:SinceanEnglishsentenceusuallyrequiresasubject,thetranslatorcanaddthesubjectthatisomittedintheChineseoriginalwhenhetranslatesaChinesesubjectlesssentence.Forinstance,

(1)你一旦開始,就必須繼續(xù)下去。Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（amplification)(2)活到老,學(xué)到老。Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.第3頁第3頁B.Usingtheemptysubject“it”:“It”inEnglishisalwaysusedforweather,time,andsomeothernaturalphenomena.SomeoftheChinesesubjectlesssentencesdescribingnaturalphenomenaortimecanbetranslatedintoEnglishsentenceswith“it”beingthesubject.(3)十點鐘了,他還沒有回來。It'steno'clocknow.Hedidn'treturnhomeyet.(4)下雨了,我們快走吧。It'srainingnow;let'shurryup.[1][2][3][4][5][6]第4頁第4頁C.TranslatingintoEnglishpassivesentences(5).必須保重產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。Thequalityofproductmustbeguaranteed.(6).去年發(fā)覺了一個稀有元素。Arareelementwasfoundlastyear.(7).封面上印著一個獵人像。Thefigureofahunterwasprintedonthecover.第5頁第5頁D.TranslatingintoEnglish“Therebe”or“It+be…+to…”structure(9).現(xiàn)在很難說誰對誰錯。Atthemomentitisdifficulttotellwhoisrightandwhoiswrong.(10).除了槍聲,再沒有其它聲音了。Therewasnosoundbutthatofgunfire.(11).在經(jīng)濟建設(shè)實踐中,已經(jīng)涌現(xiàn)了大批優(yōu)秀人才。Therehaveemergedalargenumberoftalentedpersonsineconomicconstruction.(12).不努力就不會成功。Thereisnosuccesswithouteffort.第6頁第6頁E.TranslatingintoEnglishimperativesentences(13).請大聲點!Louder,please.此處不準(zhǔn)抽煙!Nosmoking!(14).中華人民共和國萬歲!LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!(15).忠誠黨教育事業(yè)。BeloyaltotheParty'seducationalcause.(16).對什么人說什么話。Speakdifferentwordstodifferentpeople.第7頁第7頁困難克服了,工作完畢了,問題也處理了。要制造飛機,就必須仔細考慮空氣阻力問題。推薦我是一位專家。接見他是一位秘書?？礃淇垂麑?看人看作為。課堂練習(xí):請將下列句子翻譯成英語，并體會無主句翻譯。第8頁第8頁Thedifficultieshavebeenovercome,theworkhasbeenfinishedandtheproblemsolved.Airresistancemustbegivencarefulconsiderationwhentheaircraftistobemanufactured.Iwasrecommendedbyaprofessor.Hewasreceivedbyasecretary.Atreeisknownbyitsfruit,andamanisknownbyhisactions.參考答案:第9頁第9頁中美兩國社會制度和對外政策有著本質(zhì)區(qū)別。但是,雙方同意,各國無論社會制度如何,都應(yīng)依據(jù)尊重各國主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整、不侵犯別國、不干涉別國內(nèi)政、平等互利、和平共處原則來處理國與國之間關(guān)系。國際爭端應(yīng)在此基礎(chǔ)上與以處理,而不訴諸武力和武力威脅。[Translation]術(shù)語:對外政策:foreignaffairs 主權(quán):sovereignty 領(lǐng)土完整:territorialintegrity 內(nèi)政:internalaffairs和平共處:peacefulcoexistence 爭端:dispute課后練習(xí):第10頁第10頁ThereareessentialdifferencesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesintheirsocialsystemsandforeignpolicies.However,thetwosideshaveagreedthatcountries,regardlessoftheirsocialsystems,shouldconducttheirrelationsontheprinciplesofrespectofthesovereigntyandterritorialintegrityofallstates,non-aggressionagainstotherstates,non-interferenceintheinternalaffairsofotherstates,equalityandmutu