2023年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法解析與練習(xí)鞏固

2023年學(xué)校英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法解析與

練習(xí)穩(wěn)固

L概念和功能：做非謂語(yǔ)成分（主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓

補(bǔ)）的動(dòng)詞形式，包括ing分詞，不定式和ed分詞。

2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用條件：一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔句里只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，是主

要?jiǎng)幼?假如還需要用動(dòng)詞，那么只能用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作其它成分，表示

次要?jiǎng)幼鳎偃缫粋€(gè)句子里面有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，必定各自

有自己的主語(yǔ)，每一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際就是一個(gè)小簡(jiǎn)潔句，每?jī)蓚€(gè)小簡(jiǎn)潔

句之間應(yīng)當(dāng)有連詞來(lái)表達(dá)它們之間的規(guī)律關(guān)系，這樣的大句子就不是簡(jiǎn)

潔句，而是簡(jiǎn)單句了）。

3.各種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式和意義（時(shí)間含義和時(shí)態(tài)）：

1）不定式：

（l）todo:

A.意義：多表后時(shí)，后于主要?jiǎng)幼鳎ㄒ话銥橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)作）發(fā)生;少數(shù)動(dòng)詞

表示和主要?jiǎng)幼飨啾仁且粋€(gè)常態(tài)或者常常發(fā)生或者是一個(gè)泛指動(dòng)作;多

表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，少數(shù)表示和相關(guān)名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

B?句法功能：可作除謂語(yǔ)之外的任何成分（主，賓，表，定，狀，賓

補(bǔ)）

C.例句：

Tobeateacherismydream.（主）

Idon'twanttodrink.（賓）Herintentionistoadvocateforeign

languagestudy.（表）1amadvertisingforayoungwomantolook

aftermybaby.（定,主動(dòng)關(guān)系）Shehasnobodytotalkwith.（定,動(dòng)

賓關(guān)系）Sheworkeddayandnighttoworkouta

solution.（狀）Parentsexpecttheirchildrentosucceed.（賓補(bǔ)）

（2）tobedone:

A.意義：時(shí)間關(guān)系同todo;表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系

B?句法功能：同todo.

C.例句：It'snothingfunnytobecalledaliar..（主，泛指動(dòng)作）1

don,twanttobemadetoeatdogfood.（賓）Mydreamistobe

acceptedbyOxfordUniversity.（表）Themeetingtobeheldis

aboutenvironmentalprotection.（定）Tobeprotectedbythe

police,shehastoreporttothemabouthersituation.（狀）The

childrenwantedtheireffortstobeappreciated.（賓補(bǔ)）

(3)tobedoing/tohavedone/tohavebeendone/tohave

beendoing:

A.意義：與主要?jiǎng)幼魍耆瑫r(shí)(正在進(jìn)行);主動(dòng)關(guān)系/先于主要?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)

生;主動(dòng)關(guān)系/先于主要?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生;被動(dòng)關(guān)系/在主要?jiǎng)幼髦伴_(kāi)頭始終連

續(xù)到主要?jiǎng)幼骰蛘咴谥饕獎(jiǎng)幼髦澳骋稽c(diǎn)時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生;主動(dòng)關(guān)系

B.句法功能：

這四種形式的不定式一般只和固定搭配中使用，如：

seem/appear/pretend/belikely/besaid/be

thought/beconsidered/bereported/bebelieved/be

supposed/turnout/mean/intend等+不定式

C.例句：Theypretendedtobefightingwhenthepolicepassed

by.=Theypretendedthattheywerefighting...

Theyaresaidtohaveclonedanimalsbefore.=It'ssaidthat

theyhavecloned...

Sheislikelytohavebeentrainedasazookeeper.=It'slikely

thatshewastrainedasazookeeper.

Sheisreportedtohavebeenworkingontheplanthesedays.

=Ifsreportedthatshehasbeenworkingon...

2）-ing分詞

（l）doing

A.意義：與主要?jiǎng)幼飨啾仁峭瑫r(shí)關(guān)系，有時(shí)候表示是一個(gè)泛指動(dòng)作；

主動(dòng)關(guān)系（表示泛指動(dòng)作時(shí)是動(dòng)作發(fā)出者是泛指的任何人）

B.句法功能：

可作除謂語(yǔ)之外的任何成分（主，賓，表，定，狀，賓補(bǔ)）

C.例句：Praisingchildrencanworkbetterthancriticizing

them.（主/賓，泛寺旨動(dòng)作）Teachersenjoypointingouttheirstudents,

mistakes.（賓）Seeingisbelieving.（主/表,泛指動(dòng)作）scientists

pushingaheadwiththeresearch（定）UsinguptheEarth1scoal

andoilreserves,thehumanracehastofindalternative

energy.（狀）Keeptheballrolling（賓補(bǔ)）

（2）beingdone

.意義：時(shí)間關(guān)系同被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

Adoingo

B.句法功能：主，賓，表，定，狀，賓補(bǔ)

C.Beingbuilt,thebridgesuddenlycollapsed.（狀）Being

interferedwithwhilestudyingcanbetheworstthing.（主）theboy

beingbeaten（定）Ican'tstandbeingblamedfornothing

wrong.（賓）WhatIreallyenjoyisbeingamusedbystandups.（表）

Seeingthefrontdoorbeingpainted,Igotinthroughtheback

door.

（3）havingdone

A.意義：先于主要?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生;主動(dòng)關(guān)系

B?句法功能：多做狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)做主，賓，表（不做定語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)）

C.例句：Iamsorryforhavingbeen/beinglateforthe

assemblyyesterday.（賓）

Havingdoneasimilarjobbeforegiveshimanadvantageover

me.（主）

Theonlythingyoucantellhimisyourhavingworkedasa

teacher.俵）Havingworkedasaprimaryschoolteacher,hesoon

adaptedtobeingwithchildren.（狀）

（4）havingbeendone

A.意義：先于主要?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生;被動(dòng)關(guān)系。做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，假如不需要特殊

強(qiáng)調(diào)此一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在先，havingbeen可省略。但假如強(qiáng)調(diào)已發(fā)生多

少次或多久，最好不省略。

B.句法功能：同havingdone

C.例句：Havingbeencriticizedformakingasmallmistake

reallyupsetsme.（主）

Iadmithavingbeen/beingfiredbythepany.（賓）WhatItold

herismyhavingbeenemployedbythepany.（表）（Havingbeen）

EducatedinScotland,heknowsBritishtablemannerswell.（狀）

Havingbeenhumiliatedseveraltimes,hedidn'twantto

attendthesepartiesanymore.

3）done

A.意義：多表示先于主要?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生（但持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞一般沒(méi)有這個(gè)含義，

而是表示是一個(gè)常態(tài)）;被動(dòng)關(guān)系

B?句法功能：定，狀，表，賓補(bǔ)

（做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)可以和havingbeendone互換。見(jiàn)上解釋。

C.例句：thesubjectdiscussedatthemeeting（定）（Having

been）pleted,thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.（狀）Thelakeis

heavilypolluted.俵）Theyleftthehousesdestroyed.（賓補(bǔ)）

4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的否認(rèn)構(gòu)成：not或其它否認(rèn)詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

5.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的規(guī)律主語(yǔ)：就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的擁

有者。

1)通常來(lái)說(shuō)：

Q)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，規(guī)律主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)。如：Having

arichfather,hehadnoproblempayingforcollege.

(2)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，規(guī)律主語(yǔ)是被修飾的名詞。如：Thelibrarianhelping

mefindabooko

⑶作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，規(guī)律主語(yǔ)是句子主語(yǔ)。如：Ican'thelplaughing.

(4)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，規(guī)律主語(yǔ)泛指任何人或語(yǔ)境中的某人某物。如：

Buildingaroadupamountaintakesyears.

(5)作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，規(guī)律主語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)。如：Theyforcedmetoacceptthat.

(6)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，規(guī)律主語(yǔ)是句子主語(yǔ)。如：Thelionisfrightening.

2)自帶規(guī)律主語(yǔ)，其中：

(1)在不定式前加forsb/sth表示規(guī)律主語(yǔ)，如：

Formysontogetmoreexercise,Imadehimwalktoschool.

(2)直接在-ing分詞的加上名詞表示規(guī)律主語(yǔ);ing分詞作主語(yǔ)和賓

語(yǔ)時(shí)也可以用名詞全部格或形容詞性物主限定詞作規(guī)律主語(yǔ)，ing分詞

作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)還可以用賓格人稱代詞作規(guī)律主語(yǔ)。如：

Myfather/Myfather's/Hisbeingillworriesme.

Idon'tmindTom/Tomzs/his/himusingmycar.

Myfatherbeingill,Ican'tconcentrateonmywork.

(3)在ed分詞前直接加名詞，不能用人稱代詞或物主限定詞。如：

Hisworknotfinished,Frankfeltrelaxed.

Tomcaughtcheatingintheexam,Idecidedtostopdoing

that.

6.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配：

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法除了上表中的一般規(guī)律外，還有許多習(xí)慣搭配，

需要大家平常積累記憶。如：只能接ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞、只能接不定式

作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞、兩者都可以接意義無(wú)差異的動(dòng)詞和兩者都可以接但有區(qū)

分的動(dòng)詞。略。

【練習(xí)】

1)更正以下句中動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤：

(l)Therearemanypeoplearewatchingthegame,(people

watching)

(2)ForeignerslearnEnglishisverydifficult.(Ifsverydifficult

forforeignerstolearnEnglish.)

(3)Findaplacetoparkisnoteasy.(Tofindaplace/Findinga

place)

(4)Waitingforherbus,acarhither.(shewashitbyacar)

(5)TolearnEnglishwell,herfatherboughtheradictionary.

(shegotherfathertobuyhera/Forhertolearn)

(6)Teenagerseasilybeeinterestinginthisgame,(interested)

(7)Makingsuchastupidmistakeisterribly

embarrassed.(embarrassing)

(8)Itwassillyofyoubelievewhathesaid.(tobelieve)

(9)Mostchildrenareinterestedinlistentostories,(in

listening)

(10)Jimisverygoodatmakingthingsandrepairthem.

(repairing)

(ll)Hedecidedtogotothesouth,findagoodjobandliving

there,(live)

(12)HissisterwillgetmarriedonMonday,Thomaswilltake

SundayandMondayoff.(Withhissistertogetmarried/Because

hissister)

(13)1suggesthertotakehersononthetrip,(hertaking)

(14)Practisingmedicineismywish.(Topractise)

(15)1havenobodytotalk,(totalkto/with)

(16)Themeetingtoholdisaboutaidtotheearthquake

victims,(tobeheld)

(17)Havingdestroyedintheearthquake,thebridgeisinruins

now.(Havingbeendestroyed/Destroyedin)

(18)Beingrepairedlastmonth,thewatchisworkingwell.

(Repaired)

(19)1regrettohavetoldherthetruth,butit'stoolate.

(regrettellingher)

(20)Hedevotedmostofhistimetolookafterhissickwife,(to

looking)

2)將以下各句中的從句改造成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：

(l)__WhenIwasservingacustomer,__Iheardsomeone

shoutingforhelp.(Whenservinga/Servinga)

(2)__Asshehadpassedallthetests,__shegotherdiploma.

(Havingpassedall)

(3)__Thatheisstilldependentonhisparents__makeshima

laughingstock.(Stillbeingdependent)

(4)__Asheisinspiredbythehero,sexperience,__hedecides

toworkhardertoachievehisgoal.(Inspiredby)

(5)__Sincetheweatherisbeingfine,__wewillholdthesports

meetingtomorrow.(Theweatherbeingfine)

⑹__Themomentheheardthenews,__hecried.(Hearingthe

news)

(7)__Whenhehadopenedthedoor,__thebirdflewout.

(Havingopened)

(8)Hegotupveryearly__sothathewouldcatchthesixthirty

bus.__(inordertocatch/tocatch)

3)選擇正確答案

l.rveheardhimaboutyouoften.

A.spokeB.speaksC.speakD.tospeak

2.Fmhungry.Getmesomething.

A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.for

eating

3.Thereisn*tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon(t

know

A.wheretochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhatD.

tochoosewhich

4.Theteachertoldthemmakesomuchnoise.

A.don1tB.notC.willnotD.not

to

5.shybeforestrangersisnormalforafouryearold

girl.

B.HavingfeltC.FeelshyD.Feltshy

6.Fmgoingtohavemyradio.

A.fixedB.tofixC.fixD.

fixing

7.Theworkerswantustogetherwiththem.

A.workB.workingC.toworkD.

worked

8.Theofficersnarrowlyescapedinthehotbattle.

A.havekilledB.tokillC.tobekilledD.being

killed

9.theletter,hewentouttopostit,

A.WritingB.BeingwrittenC.HavingwrittenD.

Written

10.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeel

theairagainstyourface.

A.movedB.movingC.movesD.

tomove

11.Don'tyouremember?

A.seeingthemanbeforeB.toseethemanbeforeC.saw

themanbeforeD.tohaveseenthemanbefore

12.Peoplecouldn'thelpthefoolishemperorinthe

procession.

A.laughatB.tolaughatC.laughingatD.

laughingon

13.What'sthelanguageinGermany?

A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.to

speak

14.We'relookingforwardthephotoexhibition.

A.tovisitingB.tovisitC.tohavingvisitedD.

visiting

15.Thegirlunderthattreeismysister.

A.sittingB.sitsC.issittingD.sat

16.someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.

A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Having

beenfollowedby

17.Thissentenceneeds

A.animprovementB.improveC.improvingD.

improved

18.anythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkas

usual.

A.NotknownB.KnownnotC.KnowingnotD.

Notknowing

19.A:Haveyoudecidedwhen?

B:Yes,tomorrowmorning.

A.toleaveB.tobeleavingC.willyouleaveD.are

youleaving

20.1reallyenjoythatkindofjob.

A.doB.doingC.todoD.

tobedoing

21.Onlyoneofthesebooksis

A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.wrothof

readingD.worthreading

22.Hehadhisleginthematchyesterday.

A.tobreakB.brokenC.breakD.

breaking

23.Mostofthepeopletothepartywerefamous

scientists.

A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.

inviting

24.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister,today

hewasmadebyhislittlesister.

A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;

cry

25.Theywouldnotallowhimacrosstheenemyline.

A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.risk

going

26.moreattention,thetreesc