新概念英語第四冊Lesson+6+The+sporting+spirit+講義

Lesson6Thesportingspirit體育的精神Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題.Howdoesthewriterdescribesportattheinternationallevel?IamalwaysamazedwhenIhearpeoplesayingthatsportcreatesgoodwill1betweenthenations,andthatifonlythecommonpeoplesofthewouldcouldmeetoneanotheratfootballorcricket,theywouldhavenoinclination2tomeetonthebattlefield.Evenifonedidn'tknowfromconcreteexamples(the1936OlympicGames,forinstance)thatinternationalsportingcontestsleadtoorgiesofhatred3,onecoulddeduceiffromgeneralprinciples.Nearlyallthesportspractisednowadaysarecompetitive.Youplaytowin,andthegamehaslittlemeaningunlessyoudoyourutmosttowin.Onthevillagegreen,whereyoupickupsidesandnofeelingoflocalpatriotism4isinvolved,itispossibletoplaysimplyforthefunandexercise:butassoonasathequestionofprestigearises,assoonasyoufeelthatyouandsomelargerunitwillbedisgracedifyoulose,themostsavage5combative6instinctsarearoused.Anyonewhohasplayedeveninaschoolfootballmatchknowsthis.Attheinternationallevel,sportisfrankly7mimic8warfare9.Butthesignificantthingisnotthebehaviouroftheplayersbuttheattitudeofthespectators:and,behindthespectators,ofthenationswhoworkthemselvesintofuriesovertheseabsurdcontests,andseriouslybelieve--atanyrateforshortperiods--thatrunning,jumpingandkickingaballaretestsofnationalvirtue10.GEORGEORWELLThesportingspiritNewwordsandexpressiongoodwilln.友好cricketn.板球inclinationn.意愿contestn.比賽orgyn.無節(jié)制的，放蕩deducev.推斷competitiveadj.競爭性的patriotismn.地方觀念，愛國主義disgracev.使丟臉savageadj.野性的combativeadj.好斗的mimicwarfare模擬戰(zhàn)爭behaviourn.行動，舉止absurdadj.荒唐的參考譯文當我聽人們說體育運動可創(chuàng)造國家之間的友誼，還說各國民眾若在足球場或板球場上交鋒，就不愿在戰(zhàn)場上殘殺的時候，我總是驚愕不已。一個人即使不能從具體的事例（例如1936年的奧林匹克運動會）了解到國際運動比賽會導致瘋狂的仇恨，也可以從常理中推斷出結論?，F(xiàn)在開展的體育運動幾乎都是競爭性的。參加比賽就是為了取勝。如果不拚命去贏，比賽就沒有什么意義了。在鄉(xiāng)間的草坪上，當你隨意組成兩個隊，并且不涉及任何地方情緒時，那才可能是單純的為了娛樂和鍛煉而進行比賽?？墒且涣可婕暗綐s譽問題，一旦你想到你和某一團體會因為你輸而丟臉時，那么最野蠻的爭斗天性便會激發(fā)起來。即使是僅僅參加過學校足球賽的人也有種體會。在國際比賽中，體育簡直是一場模擬戰(zhàn)爭。但是，要緊的還不是運動員的行為，而是觀眾的態(tài)度，以及觀眾身后各個國家的態(tài)度。面對著這些荒唐的比賽，參賽的各個國家會如癡如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信--至少在短期內(nèi)如此--跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是對一個民族品德素質(zhì)的檢驗。Newwordsandexpressions生詞短語goodwilln.友好cricketn.板球inclinationn.意愿contestn.比賽competitivea.競爭性的pickup隨意挑選siden.隊patriotismn.地方觀念愛國主義involvevt.卷入atanyrate無論……,至少…….prestigen.聲譽disgracevt.使丟臉savagen.野性的combativea.好斗的franklyad.坦率地mimica.與….極相似word….into…..引起……注意Notesonthevocabularies詞語注釋goodwill=friendshipn.友好goodwillgames:友好運動會goodwillvisit:友好訪問payagoodwillvisittoofficialvisit:官方正式訪問statevisit:國事訪問cricketn.板球asmerryasacricket(蟋蟀)形容心情高興，快樂無比Inclinev.beinclinedtodosth表示強烈的意愿Iaminclinedtotaketowillingshowinclinationtofollowone'sinclination隨心所欲Contestn.比賽近義詞：competitiongamematchtournamentracecontest:agroupofjudgesbeautycontest選美比賽competition:socially抽象使用Socialcompetitionisfierce.Dogeatdog.人吃人。形容競爭激烈。game:physically,mentallymatch:quiteimportantChinawonthe2002WorldCupmatch.tournament:淘汰賽，巡回賽。race:以速度見長cycleracing11自行車比賽carracing賽車orgyn.恣意，放蕩revelryin狂歡Irevelryinmysuccess.onaspreecompetitivecombative-貶義詞同aggressivecompetitive-褒義詞／中性詞competitor-競爭者competewithsb.forsth.pickup隨意挑選side隊Patriotismn.地方觀眾，愛國主義patriot:愛國者patriotic:愛國的Involvevt.卷入involveoneselfinscandalbeinvolvedinPrestigen.聲譽prestigious12a.享有聲譽的Qinghuauniversityisveryprestigious.近義詞：famerenown(renowned著名的)reputationeminence13Disgracevt.使丟臉grace,graceful-gracelessdisgraceful丟臉Youressayisverygraceful.fame-defamehonor-dishonorStigmaa(污點)vt.stigmatizeRobberystigmatizes14him.Savagen.野性的inhuman15殘忍無比nonhuman（非人類的）beastlycombativea.好斗的franklyad.坦率地Franklyspeaking(Tobefrank)坦白的說candid16坦白的straightly直率的mimica.與……相似mimic-只用作定語similar-可作定語和表語Ourideasaresimilar.Wehavesimilarideas.alike-只作表語Greatmindsthinkalike.英雄所見略同。behaviour行動舉止Behaveoneself.規(guī)矩點兒。Attituden.態(tài)度Spectatorn.觀眾audience聽眾visualspectacle:壯麗景色；眼鏡viewer電視觀眾work…into…引起…注意…into后接表示感情的詞Furyn.狂熱furiousa.—強于anger,annoyance,aggravationrage---suddenly&quicklyAbsurda.荒唐的近義詞illogicalirrational17senselessridiculousr開頭的形容詞的反義詞前面加irl開頭的形容詞的反義詞前面加ilatanyrate無論，至少＝atleastNotesonthetext課文注釋amazed:surprised,astound,astonished前兩個詞都可以用作表語和主謂賓結構，后兩個詞只有表語結構。Thenewssurprisedme.Iwassurprisedbythenews.Iamastonishedtohearthenews.Youshouldnotsay”Thenewsastonishedme”.hear(watch,notice,see)sb.do/doingifonly:1.表虛擬，當“真好”講,后面無任何主從句。IfonlyIhadapairofwings.我要有雙翅膀就好了。IfonlyIcouldflytothemoon.2.作為條件句＝aslongas，后面須有主句。deduce:推導thebackgroundofthe1936Olympicgames:二戰(zhàn)時在德國柏林舉行，希特勒舉辦的目的為了宣傳他的nationalsupremacy(民主優(yōu)越性)。然而，事與愿違，本屆奧運會出現(xiàn)了一位獨領風騷的田徑大王－美國黑人運動員，杰西?歐文斯，他共獲得4枚金牌，讓希特勒disgrace(顏面盡失)，后人評論“the1936Olympingamesisamistake”,而且稱為politicaltragedy,影射希特勒的種族歧視，導致極端的仇恨，引發(fā)二戰(zhàn)。green:綠地aroused:被激發(fā)起來frankly:真正的mimicwarfare:模擬戰(zhàn)爭battlefield-fighttowin,commander,doyourutmost,blood,loselife,machinegunssportfield—playtowin,coach,doyourbest,sweat,loselife,handlegfootfuryover對…憤怒virtue:quality點擊收聽單詞發(fā)音

1goodwill

n.善意，親善，信譽，聲譽參考例句：Hisheartisfullofgoodwilltoallmen.他心里對所有人都充滿著愛心。Wepaid￡10,000fortheshop,and￡2000foritsgoodwill.我們用一萬英鎊買下了這家商店，兩千英鎊買下了它的信譽。2inclination

n.傾斜；點頭；彎腰；斜坡；傾度；傾向；愛好參考例句：Shegreeteduswithaslightinclinationofthehead.她微微點頭向我們致意。Ididnotfeeltheslightestinclinationtohurry.我沒有絲毫著急的意思。3hatred

n.憎惡，憎恨，仇恨參考例句：Helookedatmewithhatredinhiseyes.他以憎恨的眼光望著我。Theoldmanwasseizedwithburninghatredforthefascists.老人對法西斯主義者充滿了仇恨。4patriotism

n.愛國精神，愛國心，愛國主義參考例句：Hisnewbookisademonstrationofhispatriotism.他寫的新書是他的愛國精神的證明。Theyobtainedmoneyunderthefalsepretensesofpatriotism.他們以虛偽的愛國主義為借口獲得金錢。5savage

adj.野蠻的；兇惡的，殘暴的；n.未開化的人參考例句：Thepoormanreceivedasavagebeatingfromthethugs.那可憐的人遭到暴徒的痛打。Hehasasavagetemper.他脾氣粗暴。6combative

adj.好戰(zhàn)的；好斗的參考例句：Mr.Obamahasrecentlyadoptedamorecombativetone.奧巴馬總統(tǒng)近來采取了一種更有戰(zhàn)斗性的語調(diào)。Shebelievesthatwomenareatleastascombativeasare.她相信女性至少和男性一樣好斗。7frankly

adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地說參考例句：Tospeakfrankly,Idon'tliketheideaatall.老實說，我一點也不贊成這個主意。Franklyspeaking,I'mnotopposedtoreform.坦率地說，我不反對改革。8mimic

v.模仿，戲弄；n.模仿他人言行的人參考例句：Aparrotcanmimicaperson'svoice.鸚鵡能學人的聲音。Heusedtomimicspeechpeculiaritiesofanother.他過去總是模仿別人講話的特點。9warfare

n.戰(zhàn)爭(狀態(tài))；斗爭；沖突參考例句：Headdressedtheaudienceonthesubjectofatomicwarfare.他向聽眾演講有關原子戰(zhàn)爭的問題。Theirstruggleconsistsmainlyinpeasantguerrillawarfare.他們的斗爭主要是農(nóng)民游擊戰(zhàn)。10virtue

n.德行，美德；貞操；優(yōu)點；功效，效力參考例句：Hewasconsideredtobeaparagonofvirtue.他被認為是品德盡善盡美的典范。Youneedtodecorateyourmindwithvirtue.你應該用德行美化心靈。11racing

n.競賽，賽馬；adj.競賽用的，賽馬用的參考例句：Iwaswatchingtheracingontelevisionlastnight.昨晚我在電視上看賽馬。Thetworacingdriversfencedforachancetogainthelead.兩個賽車手伺機競相領先。12prestigious

adj.有威望的，有聲望的，受尊敬的參考例句：Theyoungmangraduatedfromaprestigiousuniversity.這個年輕人畢業(yè)于一所名牌大學。Youmayevenjoinaprestigiousmagazineasacontributingeditor.甚至可能會加入一個知名雜志做編