任務(wù)精讀：噴射混凝土支護(hù)（雙語）課件講解

隧道施工技術(shù)噴射混凝土支護(hù)TunnelConstructionTechnologyShotcreteSupport噴射混凝土的特點(diǎn)1噴射混凝土的作用2噴射混凝土支護(hù)目錄課程小結(jié)4噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點(diǎn)2TableofContentsShotcreteSupportCharacteristicsofShotcreteFunctionsofShotcreteProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcreteSummary.案例導(dǎo)入混凝土噴射施工這層結(jié)構(gòu)有怎樣的特點(diǎn)？它對圍巖產(chǎn)生怎樣的一種作用呢？Whatarethecharacteristicsofthestructure?Whatisitseffectonthesurroundingrocks?CaseIntroductionConcretespraying噴射混凝土的特點(diǎn)CharacteristicsofShotcrete01噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的特點(diǎn)ShotcreteSupport強(qiáng)度增長快Rapidstrengthincrease粘結(jié)力強(qiáng)Strongadhesion密度大Highdensity抗?jié)B性好GoodimpermeabilityCharacteristicsofShotcrete噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的特點(diǎn)ShotcreteSupportCharacteristicsofShotcrete輸送Conveying澆注Pouring搗固一體化Tampingintegration噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的特點(diǎn)ShotcreteSupportCharacteristicsofShotcrete10min左右終凝

Finalsettinginabout10minutes2h后即具有強(qiáng)度

Havestrengthin2h四天達(dá)到28d強(qiáng)度的70%左右About70%ofthe28dstrengthinfourdays噴射混凝土的作用02FunctionsofShotcrete

噴射混凝土與圍巖密貼粘結(jié)，可以防止圍巖強(qiáng)度惡化，阻止不穩(wěn)定塊體的塌落，起到“支撐圍巖”的作用。

噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的作用ShotcreteSupportFunctionsofShotcrete支撐圍巖SupportingsurroundingrocksCarrierring承載圈

Theshotcretecanbecloselybondedwithsurroundingrocks,whichcanpreventsurroundingrockstrengthfromdeterioratingandpreventunstableblocksfromcollapsing.Thatsupports"surroundingrocks".噴射混凝土能有效控制圍巖在不出現(xiàn)有害變形的前提下，進(jìn)入一定的塑性，從而使圍巖“卸載”。噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的作用ShotcreteSupportFunctionsofShotcrete“卸載”作用"Unloading"function

Shotcretecaneffectivelycontrolsurroundingrocksinenteringacertainplasticstagewithoutharmfuldeformation,whichcan"unload"thesurroundingrocks.噴射混凝土可以填充表面凹穴，使裂隙分割的巖塊層面粘聯(lián)，保持巖塊間的咬合、鑲嵌，可以“填平補(bǔ)強(qiáng)圍巖”。噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的作用ShotcreteSupportFunctionsofShotcrete填平補(bǔ)強(qiáng)圍巖Fillingandreinforcingsurroundingrocks

Shotcretecanfillthesurfacedepressionsothattherockblocklayersdividedbythefissurearebondedandtheinterlockingandinlaybetweentherockblocksaremaintained,"fillingandreinforcingsurroundingrocks".Bonding粘結(jié)Shearing剪切Bonding粘結(jié)Shearing剪切噴射混凝土直接粘貼巖面，形成防風(fēng)化和止水的防護(hù)層，并阻止節(jié)理裂隙中充填物流失，有“覆蓋圍巖表面”的作用。噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的作用ShotcreteSupportFunctionsofShotcrete覆蓋圍巖表面Coveringthesurfaceofsurroundingrocks

Shotcretecanbedirectlypastedontherocksurfacetoformaprotectivelayeragainstweatheringandwaterstop,preventingthelossoffillinginjointfissures,"coveringthesurfaceofsurroundingrocks".Fissurewater裂隙水Moisture潮氣噴射混凝土緊跟掘進(jìn)及時(shí)進(jìn)行支護(hù)，早期強(qiáng)度較高，能及時(shí)向圍巖提供抗力，阻止圍巖松動。噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的作用ShotcreteSupportFunctionsofShotcrete阻止圍巖松動Preventingsurroundingrocksfromloosening

Shotcreteshallbesupportedintimeaftertunneling,withhighstrengthintheearlystage,whichcanprovideresistancetosurroundingrocksintime,preventingsurroundingrocksfromloosening.噴射混凝土通過噴層把外力傳給錨桿、網(wǎng)架等，使支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)受力均勻分擔(dān)。噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的作用ShotcreteSupportFunctionsofShotcrete分配外力Distributingexternalforce

Shotcretecandistributeexternalforcetoanchorrods,grids,etc.throughtheshotcretelayersothatthestressonthesupportingstructurecanbeevenlyshared.噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點(diǎn)033.ProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點(diǎn)ShotcreteSupportProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete噴射混凝土工藝種類ProcessTypesofShotcrete噴射混凝土的工藝流程有干噴、潮噴、濕噴和混合噴四種。Theprocessflowofshotcreteincludesdry

spraying,moisturespraying,wetsprayingandmixedspraying.主要區(qū)別是各工藝的投料程序不同，尤其是加水和速凝劑的時(shí)機(jī)不同。Theymainlydifferinthefeedingproceduresofeachprocess,especiallythetimingofaddingwaterandaccelerator.噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點(diǎn)ShotcreteSupportProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete

按一定比例，將水灰比小于0.25的水泥、沙、石、速凝劑拌和，利用壓縮空氣通過軟管輸送到噴射機(jī)噴嘴處，與通過呈霧狀的加水環(huán)混合噴射的混凝土施工方法。

Itistomixcement,sand,stoneandacceleratorwithwater-cementratiolessthan0.25inacertainratiotoformconcrete,conveytheconcretetothesprayer'snozzlethroughahosebycompressedair,andsprayconcreteaftermixingitwithvaporificwaterfillingring.

指利用壓縮空氣將具有一定濕度的骨料和水泥拌合物輸送到噴射機(jī)噴頭處再加水混合的噴射方法。

Itreferstoasprayingmethodthatconveystheaggregateandcementmixturewithcertainhumiditytothesprayer'snozzlebycompressedairandspraysconcreteaftermixingitwithwater.干噴、潮噴工藝流程干噴Dryspraying潮噴MoisturesprayingProcessFlowofDrySprayingandMoistureSpraying細(xì)骨料Fineaggregate粗骨料Coarseaggregate水泥Cement攪拌機(jī)Mixer干式噴射機(jī)Drysprayer噴頭Nozzle速凝劑Accelerator壓縮空氣Compressedair水Water噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點(diǎn)ShotcreteSupportProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete

按一定比例將水泥、沙、石、細(xì)骨料、水及外加劑配合攪拌成混凝土（水灰比約0.5左右），用泵或壓縮空氣輸送到噴嘴處與液體速凝劑混合，借助高壓風(fēng)（亦可不用）噴射的施工方法。

Itistomixcement,sand,stone,fineaggregate,waterandadditiveinacertainratiotoformconcrete(water-cementratioisabout0.5),conveytheconcretetothenozzlebypumporcompressedairtomixitwiththeliquidacceleratorandspraytheconcretewith(orwithout)high-pressureair.濕噴工藝流程濕噴WetsprayingProcessflowofwetspraying細(xì)骨料Fineaggregate粗骨料Coarseaggregate水泥Cement攪拌機(jī)Mixer濕式噴射機(jī)Wetsprayer噴頭NozzleAccelerator壓縮空氣Compressedair水Water水Water外加劑Additive速凝劑噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點(diǎn)ShotcreteSupportProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete

是將一部分砂加第一次水拌濕，再投入全部水泥強(qiáng)制攪拌造殼；然后加第二次水和減水劑拌和成SEC砂漿；將另一部分砂和石、速凝劑強(qiáng)制攪拌均勻。然后分別用砂漿泵和干式噴射機(jī)壓送到混合管混合后噴出。

Itistomixapartofsandwithprimarywaterforwetmixing,putallcementintoitforforcedmixingandshellmaking,addsecondarywaterandwaterreducertomixintoSECmortar,forciblymixtheotherpartofsand,stoneandacceleratorevenly,andconveytheconcreteintothemixingpipebymortarpumpanddrysprayerrespectivelyformixingandspraying.混合噴工藝流程混合噴MixedsprayingProcessflowofmixedspraying一次水Primarywater水泥Cement二次水Secondarywater減水劑Waterreducer砂Sand石Stone攪拌機(jī)Mixer攪拌機(jī)Mixer砂漿泵Mortarpump干噴機(jī)Drysprayer混合管Mixingpipe噴頭NozzleAccelerator速凝劑噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點(diǎn)ShotcreteSupportProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete干噴、潮噴、濕噴和混合噴四種工藝的特點(diǎn)Characteristicsofdryspraying,moisturespraying,wetsprayingandmixedspraying干噴的缺點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)生的粉塵量大，回彈量大，加水是由噴嘴處的閥門控制的，水灰比的控制程度與噴射手操作的熟練程度有關(guān)。但使用的機(jī)械較簡單，機(jī)械清洗和故障處理容易。Fordryspraying,thedisadvantagesarethatitwillgeneratealargeamountofdustandalargeamountofconcreterebound.Thewateradditioniscontrolledbythevalveatthenozzle,andthedegreeofcontrolofthewater-cementratioisrelatedtotheproficiencyofthesprayingoperator.However,asthemachineryusedisrelativelysimple,mechanicalcleaningandtroubleshootingareeasy.潮噴是將骨料預(yù)加少量水，使之呈潮濕狀，再加水泥拌和，從而降低上料、拌和和噴射時(shí)的粉塵。但大量的水仍是在噴頭處加入和噴出的。Moisturesprayingistopre-addasmallamountofwatertotheaggregatetomakeitwet,andaddcementformixingtoreducedustgeneratedduringfeeding,mixingandspraying.However,alargeamountofwaterisstilladdedandsprayedatthenozzle.噴射混凝土支護(hù)噴射混凝土的工藝種類及特點(diǎn)ShotcreteSupportProcessTypesandCharacteristicsofShotcrete干噴、潮噴、濕噴和混合噴四種工藝的特點(diǎn)Characteristicsofdryspraying,moisturespraying,wetsprayingandmixedspraying濕噴混凝土質(zhì)量容易控制，噴射過程中的粉塵和回彈量很少。但對噴射機(jī)械要求較高，機(jī)械清洗和故障處理較麻煩。對于噴層較厚的軟巖和滲水隧道，則不易使用濕噴。Forwetspraying,theconcretequalityiseasytocontrol,becauseitwillgenerateasmallamountofdustandconcretereboundduringspraying.However,ithashighrequirementsforsprayer.Mechanicalcleaningandtroubleshootingaremoretroublesome.Forsoftrockandseepagetunnelswiththickspraylayers,wetsprayingisnoteasytouse.混合噴射又稱水泥裹砂造殼噴射法，是將一部分砂加第一次水拌濕，再投入全部水泥強(qiáng)制攪拌造殼；然后加第二次水和減水劑拌和成SEC砂漿；將另一部分砂和石、速凝劑強(qiáng)制攪拌均勻。然后分別用砂漿泵和干式噴射機(jī)壓送到混合管混合后噴出。Mixedsprayingisalsoknownasasprayingmethodofsandenvelopedwithcement.Itistomixapartofsandwithprimarywaterforwetmixing,putallcementintoitforforcedmixingandshellmaking,