《現(xiàn)在完成時》語法復習課件(共44張-)

現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)ThePresentPerfectTense第一頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。

studyEnglishHowlonghaveyoubeenstudyingEnglish?IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortwoyears.(2009-now)2009startedstudyingEnglish2012studying2yearshasbeenstudyingWhendidyoustartstudyingEnglish?In2009.第二頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。

現(xiàn)在完成時Presentperfecttense

構(gòu)成:助動詞have/has

+過去分詞1.肯定句

現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句式是“have（has）＋過去分詞”。該句式中的have或has是助動詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。eg.Hehaseatensupper.Theyhaveeatensupper.eg.Hasheeatensupper?eg.Hehasn’teatensupper第三頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。2.疑問句

現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句式是把助動詞have或has提到主語之前。(回答用“Yes，---have/has．／“No，---haven’t/hasn’t．”）3.否定句：現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句式是“haven't/hasn't＋過去分詞”。

Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t..Theyhaven’teatensupper.第四頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分?，F(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的分類用法一、1。表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,（強調(diào)結(jié)果現(xiàn)在還存在）--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人剛把燈關了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓)Hashehadhisbreakfast?

Yes,hehas.

Whendidhehavehisbreakfast?

Hehadbreakfastat6:00.第五頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause________________________________2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_____________________.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme.haveseen

itbefore

havedone

it.第六頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞just(謂語動詞之前)

（剛剛）,already（已經(jīng)(肯定句)

）,before,yet（一般疑問(句末）

：已經(jīng)；否定句：還）never,ever(疑問句)twicerecently(近來）等狀語連用

①Ihavenever

heardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.⑤I’vejustfinishedmyhomework.

⑥Hehasnotcomeyet.

第七頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。Exercises1.I________(have)lunchalready.2.

thetrain_______(arrive)yet?3.Tom____never_______(be)toChina.4.Thetwin______just_____(see)myfather.5.Thetwins____(see)myfatherjustnow.6.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.havehadHasarrivedhasbeenhasseensawhaveridden第八頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。7._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.8.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?No.When_____he_____(see)it?He______ittomorrow.9.Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseenwillseewillseehavecome第九頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。1你已經(jīng)問過這個問題兩邊了，別再煩我了。2我能借你的字典用一下嗎？對不起，已經(jīng)借給tom了。3你以前見過她嗎？不，從來沒有過。

4你曾經(jīng)去過北京嗎？是的我去過那兒三次。5你已經(jīng)看完那本小說了嗎？是的，我已經(jīng)把它還給圖書館了。第十頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。用法二：

表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能還將持續(xù)下去。A動詞使用延續(xù)性動詞。B和表時間段的時間狀語連用。常與for或since引導的時間連用sofar,

upto/tillnow,

inthelast/past+一段時間，allone’slife,bynow,thesedays,、fortwoyears、since1984、sincehecamehere

Ihaven’tseenher

thesedays.ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.Theyhavelivedheresince1990.WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?第十一頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。注意：(1)since＋一段時間＋ago＝for＋時間段;

sincetwoweeksago=fortwoweeks;Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksincea

weekago.

(2)since+時間點＝for＋時間段

since2000=for７years(3)since+從句(常用一般過去時)TheGreenshavelivedinBeijingsincetheymovedtoBeijingfromParis(4)Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since從句.自從某事發(fā)生已有一段時間了.

Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.

第十二頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。一、用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince第十三頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。用for和since填空TheyhavebeenlearningChinese_____theycametoChina.2.Ihaven’tseenher_____alongtime.3.Hehasbeenlivinghere_____2001.4.Shehasbeendoingherhomework____twohours.5.It’s5years_____weleftschool.6.–HowlonghasMarybeenateacher?–_____twoyearsago.HaveatrysinceforsinceforsinceSince第十四頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。用for或since填空。1.JillhasbeeninIreland________Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland__________threedays.3.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia_______15days.4.Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_____7o'clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry________1974.6.Thebusislate.We'vebeenwaiting________20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.8.Mikehasbeenill________alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital________October9.It’stenyears______wemeteachotherlasttime.10.HehastaughtEnglish_______25years.11.TheGreenshavelivedonthefarm______1990.12.Theyhavebeenpracticingtheguitar_______twohours.13.－Howlonghaveyoubeenareporter?

－_____8yearsago.14.Ihaven’tgoneforawalkinthepark________alongtime.15.He’sbeencollectingstamps_______hewasinprimaryschool.16.Peterhasbeentosummercamp________3times.

第十五頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。1我自從上周三以來都沒有看過電視了。2教室這么臟，誰沒有掃？3我自從98年來這兒，一直在二中教英語。4她自從三歲開始一直在這兒住。5在剛剛過去的半年里我已經(jīng)教了許多好朋友。6你爸爸在那個工廠工作多久了？自從我們99年搬家來這兒。第十六頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。三、非延續(xù)性動詞與現(xiàn)在完成時短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,go,join,leave,marry等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應的延續(xù)性動詞have，keep等來代替非延續(xù)性動詞。他入黨五年了。HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.——HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.——HehasbeenaPartymemberforfiveyears.——itisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty電影開始五分鐘了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.——Thefilmhasbeenon

forfiveminutes.——Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan第十七頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。常見非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)變第一類：動詞be+adj.diefinishopen/closefallill/asleepmarrysb/getmarriedto第二類：動詞be+介詞.start/beginleavejoin

bedeadbeawayfrom

bein/beamemberofbeopen/closedbeonbeoverbeill/asleepbemarriedto第十八頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。第三類：動詞另一個動詞buyborrowget/beginto延續(xù)性v.becomeputoneg.keephavebe延續(xù)性v.wear第十九頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。Hisfatherdied2yearsago.Thefootballmatchbeganat9:00a.m.Thetwinsjoinedthearmywhentheywere18yearsold.MyteacherleftNanjing3daysago.Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years/sincetwoyearsago.Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9:00a.m.Thetwinshavebeensoldiers/inthearmy、membersofthearmysincetheywere18yearsold.MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingfor3days/since3daysago.第二十頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。

巧記瞬間性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換“開始離去借來還，出生入死買到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，開開關關變結(jié)束?！?beginbeon6returnbeback2leavebeawayfrom7joinbein3gobeoff8diebedead4borrowkeep9buyhave5comebehere10arrivebehere10reachbehere11putonwear13catchacoldhaveacold14openbeopen15closebeclosed17end/finishbeover16becomebeFallasleepbeasleep第二十一頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。,結(jié)束性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語①arriveat/insp/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetosp→beinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.HeBeijingfor.2)ImovedtotheUSAin2008.ItheUSAsince.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor.4)Theycameherelastweek.They___________heresince_________.②cometo/gobackto/returnto→bebacktogoout→beoutHecameouttwoyearsago.He______________for____________.2)WereturntoBeijingyesterday.We__________toBeijingsince______.

第二十二頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。close→beclosedopen→beopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_________for________.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor_____________forsixhours.⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy

→bealeaguemember/aPartymember/asoldier

→beamemberoftheleague/theParty

→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy

1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.

He_________________a_________________fortwoyears.

He___________a_________the________fortwoyears.

He_______________________theleaguefortwoyears.

2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.

Mybrother_________a________for______________________.

Mybrother___________in___________fortwoyears.

第二十三頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。;die→bedead;leavesp.→beawayfromsp.

fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep;finish/end→beover;marry→bemarried;

2)HeleftShanghaijustnow.He__________________________Shanghaiforfiveminutes.

3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa__________________for_______________.

4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.

5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.I________________since__________________.

6)Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.第二十四頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。③become→beIbecameateacherin2000.I__________ateacherfor___________.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver_______dirtyfor_________.④close→beclosedopen→beopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_________for________.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor_____________forsixhours.⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy

→bealeaguemember/aPartymember/asoldier

→beamemberoftheleague/theParty

→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy

1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.

He_________________a_________________fortwoyears.

He___________a_________the________fortwoyears.

He_______________________theleaguefortwoyears.

2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.

Mybrother_________a________for______________________.

Mybrother___________in___________fortwoyears.

第二十五頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。⑤getup→beup;die→bedead;leavesp.→beawayfromsp.

fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep;finish/end→beover;marry→bemarried;

1)Igotuptwohoursago.I_____________________since_______________.

2)HeleftShanghaijustnow.He__________________________Shanghaiforfiveminutes.

3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa__________________for_______________.

4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.

5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.I________________since__________________.

6)Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.

第二十六頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.;begin→beon

1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I________atthisschoolsince____.

2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.⑦borrow→keep;lose→nothave;buy→have;puton→wear

catch/getacold→haveacold;gettoknow→know

1)Theyborroweditlastweek.They__________itsince_____________.

2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.I_________apenfor_____________.

3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.I_________himsince___________.

4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I_________myglassesfor______________.

⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin

HehasgonetoBeijing.He__________Beijingfortwodays.

.第二十七頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。注意點四：havebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多長時間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他們到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust,ever,never等連用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛才去郵局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從未去過長城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？Have(has)beento后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。3、have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊f話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到書店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。第二十八頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto的用法區(qū)別1“Have/hasbeento+地名”表示曾經(jīng)去過某地，說話時已經(jīng)回到說話地點，常與once、twice、ever、never等時間連用。2“have/hasgoneto+地名”表示去某地了，現(xiàn)在沒有回答，人不在說話地點。

巧記：beento，goneto

意不同，兩者用法要記清；

havebeento+地名，曾經(jīng)到過某地行；

havegoneto+地點，到某地去了一走遠。用have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto填空—Hi，Lucy，

youever

Beijing？—No，I

.—Whataboutyoursister，Lily？—Oh，she

Chengdu，

shewillcomebacknextweek.—Ok，thanks.—You’rewelcome.havebeentohaven’thasgoneto用法四第二十九頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。,用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各種形式填空.

1)WhereisJackHe__________hiscountry.

2)David________theparkjustnow.

3)John_______Englandsincehecameback.

4)Howlong_____they_____thisvillage

5)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.

6)_____yingforyears.

6)_____youever____America--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.

7)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.

8)WhereisJimHe_____thefarm.

9)When_____he_____He_______anhourago.

10)Wouldyouliketo_____tothezoowithme---Yes,butI_____therebefore.

11)Where_____you_____now---I____tothezoo.

12)Heoften_____swimming.

13)_____you______therelastyear

14)_____theyoften______skatinginwinter第三十頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。試一試，用所給詞的正確形式填空1I

（live）heresinceIwastenyearsold.2I

（live）herein1998.---

you

yourbreakfast？---Yes，Ihave.---When

you

it？----30minutesago.注意現(xiàn)在完成時的幾個特殊方面：（一）現(xiàn)在完成時與一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別havelivedlivedHave

haddid

have

現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示過去時間狀語連用；而一般過去時只單純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關系，可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一）現(xiàn)在完成時與一般現(xiàn)在時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換eg：IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears-----IstudiedEnglishthreeyearsago-----ItisthreeyearssinceIstudiedEnglish第三十一頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。注意點一：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至會繼續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去?，F(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,lastnight,twoweeksago等試比較：Theplanehasarrived.飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機在這兒）Theplanearrivedaquarterago.飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears.我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）Itaughthereforayear.我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）第三十二頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。用括號中所給的動詞的適當形式完成下列句子。1.Mary_______(lose)herpen.______you______(see)ithereandthere?2.______you______(find)yourwatchyet?3.---Areyouthirsty?---NO,I______just_______(have)someorange.4.We________already______(return)thebook.5.______they_____(build)anewschoolinthevillage?6.---HasTomtaughtyouEnglish?---Yes,he______(teach)usEnglishfortwoyears.7.I______(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.Canyouhelpme?8.What______they_____(do)withthenewspaper?Theyhavereadthem.9.---Thedoorisopen.Who______(open)it?Doyouknow?---Sorry,Idon’tknow.10.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.11.WuDong_____(be)asoldierforoneyear.12.Thestudents______(study)inthemiddleschoolsincelastmonth.13.Howlong______you______(know)him?14.Mike______(make)quiteafewfriendssincehecametoChina.15.I_____(give)myfriendanicebookrecently.16.LiPingandWuDong______(see)theoldmanthreetimes.17._____sheever_____(teach)youEnglish?18.Thesechildren_____(stay)intheparkfortwohours.第三十三頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。1.She's_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.

3.Bothofthem____________(come)toHongkongtendaysago.

4.Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).

5.Mary________(lose)herpen.________you_______(see)ithereandthere

6._________you_____(find)yourwatchyet

7.---Areyouthirsty---NoI_________just_________(have)someorange.

8.We----already_________(return)thebook.

9.________they_______(build)anewschoolinthevillage

10.I_____________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme

11.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.

12.I_________(buy)abookjustnow.

13.I_________(lost)mywatchyesterday.

14.Myfather___________(read)thisbooksinceyesterday第三十四頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。1.A：你收集貝殼有多長時間了？B:自從我上中學以來。

A：Howlong______you_________________shells?B：________I_________tomiddleschool.2.我滑冰已有五個小時了。

I___________________________5hours.3.A:這是你首次參加滑冰馬拉松嗎?B:不,去年我參加過。

A:Wasthisyour______________________________?B:No，I___________ina______________lastyear.4.A:你什么時候得到第一雙溜冰鞋？B:3年前。

A:Whendidyou______yourfirst__________________?B:Threeyearsago.5.A:他游泳有多長時間了？B:他已游了半小時了。

A:Howlong_______he______________________?B:He___________________________halfanhour.havebeencollectingSincewenthave

beenskatingforfirstskatingmarathonskatedmarathongetpairofskateshasbeenswimminghasbeenswimmingfor第三十五頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。6.你上網(wǎng)多久了?7.我上網(wǎng)三小時了。8.你什么時候開始集郵的？9.我五年前開始集郵的。10.他收集貝殼十年了。HowlonghaveyoubeensurfingtheInternet?I’vebeensurfingtheInternetforthreehours.Whendidyoustartcollectingstamps?Istartedcollectingstampsfiveyearsago.Hehasbeencollectingshellsfortenyears.第三十六頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。11、他一直在這條街住了近20年了。12、我打掃房間已經(jīng)掃了3個小時了。13、自從4歲起我就一直學英語。14、你六點起就一直在給他講電話？15、雨下多久了？Ihavebeencleaningtheroomforthreehours.Hehasbeenlivinginthestreetforabout20years.I’vebeenstudyingEnglishsinceIwas4yearsold.Haveyoubeentalkingwithhimonthephonesince6:00p.m.?Howlonghasitbeenraining?第三十七頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。

句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、Hehasneversurfed,

?（改成反意疑問句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對劃線部分提問)--------------------------------havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldman_______lastyear.He

forayear.(die)4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Thisfactory

________fortwentyyears.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)MissGao___________________anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同義句）

Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把兩個句子合并成一個句子)___________________________________________第三十八頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。1．

Hisfatherdiedtwoyearsago.Hisfather_______________fortwoyears.2.Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.__________threeyearssincehe_____thearmy.3.Ibegantostudyatthisschoolfiveyearsago.I__________atthisschool_____fiveyears.4.HaveyouevervisitedBeijing?Haveyouever_______________?5.Iamateacher.Ibecameateacherfiveyearsago.I____________________forfiveyears.I_________________________fiveyearsago.6.Iboughtthecarfiveyearsago.I__________thecarforfiveyears.第三十九頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。7.Ihaveborrowedanewbookfromtheschoollibrary.I__________anewbookfromtheschoollibraryfortwodays.8.Theboyhascomeback.Theboy_______________foranhour.9.Thefilmhasbegun.Thefilm____________________fiveminutes.10.Themaninahathasleft.Themaninahat____________________halfanhourago.11.Bothstudentshaven’tfinishedtheirhomework._______________finishedtheirhomework.第四十頁，編輯于星期四：十六點十五分。動詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化，在動詞后加ed，規(guī)則變化有以下四種：

①原形+ed

如：worked,

passed

②詞尾是e時，直接加d

如：liked

lived

③若詞尾為“輔音字母加y”，則改y為i加ed。詞尾為“元音字母+y”時，直接加d；如:

played

stayed

studied

cried

④末尾只有一個輔