2021學(xué)年高中英語Unit5 Revealingnature SectionA課后習(xí)題含解析外研版必修一

Unit5Revealingnature

SectionAStartingout&Understandingideas

課后篇鞏固提升

’基礎(chǔ)夯實

I.單句語法填空

1.Youareexpectedtoanswer___________callwithimmediateactions,

ggthe

2.Hisnamewillliveinhistoryasoneofthegreatestbowlersalltime.

S]of

3.Therobberyoccurredinbroaddaylight,ina(crowd)street.

答案crowded

4.Hewillnotgiveupuntilhefindsconvincing(evident).

答案evidence

5.Romancesandfriendshipsbeginsmalltalk.

|答案Kith

II.短語填空

becrowdedwith;datebackto;refuseto;cometoexist;ofalltime;beregardedas;in

question;adaptto

1.Thehistoryofself-knowledgeover2,000years.

答案datesbackto

2.ThisWorldCuphascrownedoneofthebestteams.

答案ofalltime

3.TheplayerisMarkWilliams.

答案inquestion

4.Yourheartmightgoodthings,workorsportsorhobbies,but

theywereneverdesignedtotakefirstplaceinyourheart.

答案becrowdedwith

5.WhenhemovedtoFrance,hischildrenthechangeverywell.

答案adaptedto

6.Certainformsofknowledgeincertainplaces.

答案cometoexist

7.ButDanielthinksitisunfairthathisparentsgivehimachance

toexplain,sotheydon'tdeservetoknowthetruth.

答案refuseto

8.UNEnglishLanguageDay:April23rd.ThedatethedeathofWilliam

Shakespeare.

答案isregardedas

in.完成句子

L在鞋類博物館展出的“特殊用途”鞋讓大多數(shù)游客感到驚奇。

Mostofourvisitorsandamazed-bythecollectionofuspecial

purposeshoesonexhibitionhereattheMuseumofFootwear.

答案areshocked

2.首先,我得說,當(dāng)你和父母溝通有困難時,你并不孤單。

,I'vetosayyou'renotalonewhenhavingtrouble

communicatingwithparents.

|答案beginwith

3?她在新澤西的家中說：“邁格拉希的任何一次泄密都是一種恥辱。”

SpeakingfromherhomeinNewJersey,shesaid,“AnylettingoutofMegrahi

would.”

|答案|beadisgrace

4.他們就要結(jié)婚了，而且還要一起做生意呢。

Theyaregoingtogetmarried,andtheyaresettingupinbusiness

together.

|答案卜hat'smore

5.目前我們還沒有其他行星上存在生命的證據(jù)。

Atpresentweoflifeonotherplanets.

答案havenoevidence

?.….?…素養(yǎng)提升

w.閱讀理解

A

主題語境:人與自然體裁:說明文

Foodstoringiscommoninmembersofthecrow（烏鴉）family.Anewstudytested

thebirdsoutsidethisnaturallyoccurringbehaviour,whichmayhaveevolved（進化）

specificallybecauseitgivescrowsasurvivaladvantage.Somecrowspeciesareknown

tonaturallyusetoolstorecoverfood.Sotheresearcherstestedwhetherthebirds

couldstoreandrecoveratoolsotheycouldgetitattheirfoodafteragapof17

hours一somethingwewouldn,texpectthemtodonaturally.Buttheywereableto

instantlyselectthetooloutofanumberofunnecessaryitems.

Inanotherexperiment,theresearcherstaughtcrowstoselectatoken（禮品券）

fromanumberofitemssothattheycouldthenexchangeforfood.Again,thebirdsthen

showedthattheycouldplanforthefutureusingthisnewbehaviour.Thisisdifferent

fromallofthepreviousstudiesinfutureplanning,whichhavefocusedonnaturally

occurringbehaviour.

Thesestudieshaveshownthatanimalscanplanforthefuture-buttheyleft

animportantquestionopenfordebate.Areanimalsonlyabletoplantouseabilities

thathaveevolvedtogivethemaspecificadvantage,orcantheyflexiblyand

intelligentlyapplyplanningbehaviouracrossvariousactions?Mostcriticswouldsay

theformer,astheanimalsweretestedinnaturallyoccurringbehaviours.

Butthenewresearchprovidesthefirstevidencethatanimalspeciescanplan

forthefutureusingbehaviourthatdoesn'ttypicallyoccurinnature.Thissupports

theviewthatatleastsomecognitiveabilitiesinanimalsdon,tevolvejustin

responsetospecificproblems.Instead,itsuggeststhatanimalscanapplythese

behavioursflexiblyacrossproblemsinasimilarwaytohumans.Weneedtoinvestigate

howflexiblebehaviourevolved.Thenwemightbeabletoseehowthecrows'ability

toplanforthefuturefitsinwiththeirbroadercognitivepowers.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過烏鴉，談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)動物的進化，但是目前還不清

楚它們是怎樣進化的。

1.WhatJsthenewfindingaboutsomecrowsaccordingtoParagraph1?

A.Theycanstorefood.

B.Theycanusetoolstorecoverfood.

C.Theycanstoreandrecovertools.

D.Theycanselectandstorefood.

|答案|c

畫細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的

^Somecrowspeciesareknowntonaturallyusetoolstorecoverfood...Buttheywereabletoins

tantlyselectthetooloutofanumberofunnecessaryitems.可知，對烏鴉的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是：它們可

以存儲和恢復(fù)工具。故選C項。

2.Whatarecrowstrainedbyscientiststodowhengivenatoken?

A.Rejectitcasually.

B.Exchangeitforfood.

C.Saveitastheirfood.

D.Buildanestwithit.

畫細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，科學(xué)家們訓(xùn)練烏鴉用獎品券來換食物。故選B項。

3.Whatdoscientiststhinkofthestudiesthatanimalscanplanforthefuture?

A.Theyarecontroversial.

B.Theyaredisappointing.

C.Theyarecontradictory.

D.Theyareconvincing.

|答案|A

畫推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知,科學(xué)家們關(guān)于動物可以為未來做計劃的研究是有爭

議的。故選A項。

4.Whatcanbeinferredaboutcognitiveabilitiesinanimals?

A.Theydeveloponlywithage.

B.Itisunclearhowthey'veevolvednow.

C.Noanimalsbutcrowsbenefitfromthem.

D.Planningforthefuturehelpstheirevolution.

答案］

畫推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的

uWeneedtoinvestigatehowflexiblebehaviourevolved.可知，還不清楚它們是怎樣進化

的。故選B項。

B

主題語境:人與自然體裁:說明文

Plantscannotrunorhide,sotheyneedotherstrategiestoavoidbeingeaten.Some

curluptheirleaves,othersproducechemicalstomakethemselvestastebadifthey

senseanimalsdroolingonthem,chewingthemuporlayingeggsonthem-allsignals

ofanattack.Newresearchnowshowsthatsomefloracanfeelaplant-eatinganimal

wellbeforeitlaunchesanattack,lettingaplantprepareapreemptive（先發(fā)制人

的）defensethatevenworksagainstotherpestspecies.

WhenecologistJohnOrrockoftheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonsprayedsnail

slime一aliquidtheanimalsreleaseastheyslidealong一ontosoil,nearbytomato

plantsappearedtonotice.Theyincreasedtheirlevelsofanenzyme（S§）,whichisknown

topreventplant-eatinganimals."Noneoftheplantswereeveractuallyattacked,“

Orrocksays.uWejustgavethemcuesthatsuggestedanattackwascoming,andthat

wasenoughtocausebigchangesintheirchemistry.”

InitiallyOrrockfoundthisdefenseworkedagainstsnails;inthelateststudy,his

teammeasuredtheslimywarning'simpactonanotherpotentialthreat.The

investigatorsfoundthathungrycaterpillars（毛蟲），whichusuallyeattomatoleaves

greedily,hadnoappetiteforthemaftertheplantswereexposedtosnai1slimeand

activatedtheirchemicalresistance.Thisnonspecificdefensemaybeastrategythat

benefitstheplantsbyfurtherimprovingtheiroveral1possibilitiesofsurvival,says

Orrock.

ThefindingthatasnailJsapproachcancauseaplantresponsethataffectsa

differentanimalmadeRichardKarbancurious,aplantcommunicationexpert."Itis

significantthattheplantsarerespondingbeforebeingdamagedandthatthesecues

arehavingsuchfar-rangingeffects,“Karbansays."Theresearchwas

comprehensive,“headds,“buthewondershowthetomatoplantsfeltchemicalsin

snailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem.”

“That'sthemillion-dollarquestion,“Orrocksays.Hehopesfutureresearch

willmakeoutthemechanismsthatenableplantstosensetheserelativelydistant

cues.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了一項新的科學(xué)研究，研究表明植物對外

在威脅相當(dāng)警覺，會自動作出反應(yīng)進行自我保護。

5.JohnOrrocksprayedaliquidontosoilneartomatoplantsto.

A.makethemgrowbetter

B.givethemawarning

C.keepplant-eatinganimalsaway

D.informplant-eatinganimalsofdanger

麗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可推知,JohnOrrock在西紅柿植株附近的泥土上噴灑黏

液的目的是給予植物一種警告,讓它們能夠產(chǎn)生自我保護性反應(yīng),故選B項。

6.WhyistheexampleofcaterpillarsmentionedinParagraph3?

A.Tointroduceanotheranimal.

B.Toconfirmtheresultofthestudy.

C.Toappealto