北師大高二英語Unit 20重點(diǎn)詞匯

北師大高二英語Unit20重點(diǎn)詞匯一、重點(diǎn)單詞：1.mass質(zhì)量；物質(zhì);眾多、大量。短語：amassof=massesof一團(tuán)（塊、堆、群）、大量的,可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞；the(great)massof大多數(shù)、大部分；beamassof遍體是……;充滿了……;inmass全部,全體;整個(gè)地;inthemass總體上;總的說來;amongthemasses在民眾中間；massalongtheroad

聚集在路旁；amassofcolour

一大片色彩；asolidmassofearth

一大塊泥土；labouringmasses

勞動(dòng)群眾；用法：①mass的基本意思是“團(tuán),塊,堆”,指不規(guī)則物體聚成在一起形成的“團(tuán),塊,堆”,是可數(shù)名詞。②mass也可作“大量,大批;眾多”解,是可數(shù)名詞。③mass可用作及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)接名詞或代詞作賓語。④mass用作形容詞的意思是“許多的,大規(guī)模的,群眾的”,在句中只作定語,無比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。=5\*GB3⑤alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞，作主語后跟單數(shù)謂語，largeamountsof+不可數(shù)名詞，后跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語；由amount的數(shù)決定謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。類似的詞有：amassof,massesof;aquantityof,quantitiesof;avarietyof,varietiesof等。配套練習(xí)：①Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook___picturesofthem.A.manyofB.massesofC.thenumberofD.alargeamountof②MrSmithhasbeentoShanghaiseveraltimes.Hehasdone___businessthere.A.massesofB.anumberofC.lotsD.afew③Thevariedmountainscenerywassobeautifulthattheytook___ofphotographs.A.manyofB.massesofC.thenumberofD.alargeamountof④Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook_____picturesofthem.A.manyofB.massesofC.thenumberofD.alargeamountof2.assist(v)援助、幫助；短語：assistsbwithsth/todosth/indoingsth幫助某人做某事；assistsbtohisfeet扶某人站起來；give/lendassistancetosb幫助某人；assistataceremony出席儀式；assistatfirstoperation第一次協(xié)助做手術(shù)；assistatameeting參加會(huì)議；assistatawedding參加婚禮；assistinthepreparationofareport幫助準(zhǔn)備報(bào)告；assistinashop在店里幫忙；assistintheworkofrescue協(xié)助救援工作；assistsbincompilingadictionary幫助某人編辭典；assistsbtoone'sfeet扶某人站起來assistsbwithsb'sEnglish幫助某人學(xué)習(xí)英語；assistsbwiththeformfilling幫助某人填表；assistsbwithmoney以金錢相助；用法：①assist用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)其后可跟簡單賓語或以動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語的復(fù)合賓語;assist也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。②assist作vi，后接at或in，表示“在……方面幫忙”。如：Sheassistedattheirwedding.作vt，其賓語后接in或with，表示幫忙的內(nèi)容。如：Theyassistedhiminmovingthefurniture/withhiswork.配套練習(xí)：(1).用assist的相關(guān)短語填空①Theyoungnursewasverynervouswhenshe_______inherfirstoperation.②Ateamofnurses______thedoctor_______performingtheoperation.③Sheemployedawomanto______her______thehousework.④Goodglasseswill______you______read.(2).單項(xiàng)填空：=1\*GB3①I_____banningtrucksinthecitycentrebecauseitwillreduceairpollutionandnoise.A.assist B.advocateC.admit D.oppose②Mostinstitutionsprovidecourseswhich_____newstudentsindevelopingtheskillstheyneedtobesuccessful.A.preventB.require C.assistD.forbid③Theysentsomeoneto_____thevalueofthehouse.A.access B.assist C.assess D.possess=4\*GB3④ProjectHopeaimsathelpingthepoorchildreninremoteareasto_____education.A.accept B.keep C.assist D.receive=5\*GB3⑤Hedidn’t______theinvitationsentbyaforeigncompanyaskingtogotoworkinit.A.accept B.keep C.assist D.receive=6\*GB3⑥Heaskedusto_____incarryingthroughtheplanatthemeetingyesterday.

A.provide B.encourage C.assist D.persuade=7\*GB3⑦ProjectHopeaimsathelpingthepoorchildreninremoteareasto___education.A.accept B.keep C.assist D.receive=8\*GB3⑧Hedidn’t______theinvitationsentbyaforeigncompanyaskingtogotoworkinit.A.accept B.keep C.assist D.receive=9\*GB3⑨Heaskedusto_____incarryingthroughtheplanatthemeetingyesterday.

A.provide B.encourage C.assist D.persuadeDACB=10\*GB3⑩Heassistedanoldlady_____acar.A.fromB.outofC.byD.On3.issue問題、發(fā)行、分配；短語：at/inissue在爭(zhēng)論中；intheissue結(jié)果、到頭來；join/takeissuewithsbonsth就某事與某人爭(zhēng)論；issueanorder發(fā)布命令；issuein導(dǎo)致；issuefrom由……產(chǎn)生；thelatestissueofChinaDaily最近一期中國日?qǐng)?bào)；matter〔point〕atissue

爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)；atissuewithsb

與某人意見不一致；onthatissue

關(guān)于那個(gè)問題；issueofanewspaper

報(bào)紙的發(fā)行；issueofbusiness

營業(yè)項(xiàng)目；issueoffact

事實(shí)上的爭(zhēng)論點(diǎn)；burningissueoftheday

燃眉之急的問題；issueontheagenda

一項(xiàng)議程；用法：①issue既可用作及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),后可接名詞、代詞作賓語;也可接雙賓語,其間接賓語可以轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞to的賓語,介詞不可用for;也可接介詞from,表示“從…涌出”;issue還可接以as短語充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語的復(fù)合賓語。②issue的基本意思是“問題”“爭(zhēng)論點(diǎn)”,多指所思、所說及所寫的主要事件或觀點(diǎn),引申可作“要點(diǎn)”“爭(zhēng)吵原因”解,一般只用單數(shù)形式。③issue作動(dòng)詞“發(fā)行，發(fā)放”時(shí)，可用issue

sthtosb或issue

sbsth。如：Theauthoritiesissuedclothesandshoestothem.配套練習(xí)：①Hisdifficultiesinhiswork___hislackofexperience.A.issueinB.issuefromC.resultinD.leadto②Anarmyspokemanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered___clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued③He___withmeonthematteryesterdaymorning.A.joinedissueB.tookissueC.arguedD.alltheabove④Thecommitteemembersagreedtothesuggestionthattheissue_____toimmediatevoting.A.istobeput B.beputC.shouldput D.mustbeput4.stain(n)污點(diǎn)、瑕疵、色斑；stainless(adj)純潔的、不銹的、無瑕疵的；短語：stainone’sfingerswithink使手指沾上墨水；stainone’snamewithslander用誹謗的手段敗壞某人的名聲；abloodstain血跡；stainthefamilyhonour

玷污家庭的名譽(yù)；stainthefloorboards

給地板漆色；stainthetable

給桌子著色；stainthewood

給木料染色；staineasily

容易弄臟；stainquickly

很快弄臟；stainwithnicotine

被尼古丁染黃；stainwithsmoke

被煙熏黑；stainwithvices

沾染惡習(xí)；用法：①stain可用作不及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),接名詞作賓語。還可接以表示顏色的形容詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語的復(fù)合賓語?？捎糜诒粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。②stain用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),主動(dòng)形式常含有被動(dòng)意義。③stain作名詞后接on，表示“……上的污點(diǎn)”。如：Theinkbottlefellandthereisnowastainonthefloor.作動(dòng)詞，賓語后接with，表示“被……沾污、染上”。如：Ihavestainedmyfingerswithink.配套練習(xí)：①Preservatives(防腐劑)areaddedtobreadtokeepitfromgetting____.A.static B.stainedC.stable D.stale②A_______politicalandeconomicsituationisveryimportantforthedevelopmentofanycountry.A.stainB.stableC.peacefulD.pink③The_______TOEFLscoreforenteringthisprogramis600.A.lessB.sandyC.stainD.minimum④Pleasebecarefulwhenyouaredrinkingcoffeeincaseyou________thenewcarpet.A.crashB.polluteC.spotD.stain5.present在場(chǎng)的、出席的、反義詞：absent；現(xiàn)在、禮物。短語：makesomebodyapresent(不用：gift)ofsomething/make(give)apresentofsomethingtosomebody送某物給某人；presentsomebodyabook/presentabooktosomebody/presentsomebodywithabook送書給某人；atpresent=atthepresenttime/now現(xiàn)在、當(dāng)今；bepresentatthemeeting出席會(huì)議；allpeoplepresenthere所有在座的人；forthepresent暫時(shí)、暫且；presentoneself出席、到場(chǎng)；bepresentlyinJapan目前正在日本；presentoneselfathishouse到他家；bepresentat出席；presentsthtosb/presentsbwithsth把某物贈(zèng)送給某人、向某人頒發(fā)某物；uptothepresent直到現(xiàn)在；forthepresent=forthetimebeing暫時(shí);用法：①present作形容詞既可作前置修飾語，也可作表語，常意為“現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)在的；在場(chǎng)的；出席的”等。，如作定語要后置。如：ThechairmanpresentisMrWu.作“當(dāng)前的、現(xiàn)任的”講時(shí)，可作前置定語。如：Willthepresentchairmanaddressthestudents?②present作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表示區(qū)別于過去或?qū)淼摹艾F(xiàn)在”；③present用作“現(xiàn)在,目前”解時(shí),通常與定冠詞the連用,只用作單數(shù)名詞。④present作“禮物”解時(shí),一般指親友間互送的“禮物”或“贈(zèng)品”,多是出于好意、禮貌或尊敬等而予以贈(zèng)送,并不一定期望報(bào)答或回贈(zèng)。是可數(shù)名詞。=5\*GB3⑤present的基本意思是“出現(xiàn)”,指人時(shí)多指“到場(chǎng)”“出席”,指物或事物時(shí)則指“顯示”。多接反身代詞作賓語。⑥present可作“贈(zèng)送,給予”解,此時(shí)多接雙賓語,其間接賓語可以轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞to的賓語。⑦present作動(dòng)詞，表示“給予，贈(zèng)送”之意，常用于presentsth.tosb.或presentsb.withsth.搭配中，此外，present作動(dòng)詞還有“呈現(xiàn)，顯示；闡述，表達(dá)；引見”等意思。配套練習(xí)：①Whyhaveyouboughtsomanyflowers?___themtoourteachersonTeachers’Day.A.ForpresentingB.TopresentC.TosellD.Lending②___atthemeetingarescientistsandexpertsinthefieldofmedicine.A.PresentingB.PresentC.PresentedD.Presence③For___presentwehavenochoicebuttowait,forheisverybusyat___presentandcan’tgiveusahand.A./;/B.the;/C./;theD.the;the④TheNortheasternTiger,ararekindofanimalinChina,isreally___danger___thepresenttime.A.at;inB.with;forC.on;inD.in;at⑤Themeetingwasagreatsuccess.Allthepeople___werefortheprogram.A.presentB.importantC.thoughtfulD.satisfied⑥Comehere,Mary.I’llmakeyou___ofthering.A.agiftB.apresentC.seeD.appreciate⑦Thereareplentyofjobs_____inthewesternpartofthecountry.A.presentB.availableC.preciousD.convenient⑧Allthepeople______atthepartywereallhissupporters.A.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD.important6.investv.投(資),購買(有用之物),授予,投資;investmentn.投資,可獲利的東西;短語：investin

對(duì)…投資,購買；investinanenterprise

對(duì)一企業(yè)進(jìn)行投資；investinfailure

投資失?。籭nvestinproperty

投資房地產(chǎn)；investfundsinstocks

把資金投資于股票上；investmoneyinmines

投資于礦山；investwith

授予…；investwithfullauthority

授予全權(quán)；investwithmystery

帶有神秘色彩；investtheland

對(duì)那塊土地進(jìn)行投資；investlargesumsinbooks

花大筆錢買書；investalotoftime

花很多時(shí)間；用法：invest作vt，,可接名詞或代詞作賓語。后接in，表示“把……投入”；賓語后接with，表示“把……授予、使……帶有……”；作vi，后接in，表示“投資于……”。如：Theyinvestedtimeandenergyintheelectioncampaign./Heinvestedhislawyerwithcompletepowertoactforhim./Hehasinvestedheavilyinoilcompany.配套練習(xí)：①Wheneverhewritestohisparents,he____achequewithhisletter.A.encloses B.containsC.reserves D.invests②He____muchofhistimeinlearningthenewlanguage.A.investedB.involvedC.inventedD.integrated③Pleasedonot_______whensomebodyelseistalking.A.intendB.interpretC.interuptD.invest④He_______alotoftimeintryingtodeveloptheeducationsysteminthisarea.A.involvedB.investigatedC.investedD.interfered=5\*GB3⑤I’ve_____alotoftimeandeffortinthisplan,andIdon’twantittofail.A.inventedB.invited C.investedD.involved7.rescuen.&vt.援救，營救短語：rescuesb./sth.fromsb./sp.把……從……營救出來；cometo/gotosb’srescue=rescuesb.援救某人；rescuethedyingman

搶救臨死的人；rescuethehostages

救出人質(zhì)；rescuesbfrom

從…把某人營救出來；rescuesbfromdanger

營救某人脫離危險(xiǎn)；rescuesbfromdrowning

從水中救起某人；attempt〔effect〕arescue

設(shè)法〔實(shí)行〕營救；cryfor〔interrupt,need,speed〕rescue

呼喊〔中斷,需要,加速〕救援；make〔perform〕arescue

進(jìn)行營救；用法：rescue意思是“營救”,有時(shí)間上的緊迫性。berescued后面可接形容詞表示援救的結(jié)果。配套練習(xí)：(1).用rescue的適當(dāng)形式填空①Themother,alongwithhertwochildren,_______fromthesinkingboatbyapassingship.②Thefiremen_______fivechildrenfromtheburninghouseyesterday.(2).單項(xiàng)填空：①Thepolicesetoutinsearchofotherchildrenwhomight_____Guizhou’sdustbinsafter5deathsforwarmth.

A.live B.rescue C.exist D.survive②Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguide_____themountainclimberwasrescued.A.who B.thatC.when D.how③Alltheirattemptsto_____thechildfromtheburningbuildingwereinvain.A.regain B.recover C.rescue D.reserve④Notuntil_____theInternet_____thattheChinesesailorswererescuedbytheEuropeanUnionTaskForce.A.didIsurf;didIknowB.didIsurf;IknewC.Isurfed;didIknowD.Isurfed;Ihadknown8.donatev.捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送短語：donatesth.tosb.向某人捐贈(zèng)某物;make/give/presentadonationtosb.捐贈(zèng)給某人;sendadonationto把捐款寄至……;promiseadonation應(yīng)允捐贈(zèng);donatemoney捐款；用法：donate多指向慈善團(tuán)體捐贈(zèng)物品、錢等。常與介詞to連用。配套練習(xí)：(1).完成句子：①He__________(捐贈(zèng))amilliontotheschool.②Therestofthemoneywegetis_______________(來自捐贈(zèng)).(2).單項(xiàng)填空：①M(fèi)anypeoplehavedonatedthattypeofblood;however,thebloodbankneeds_____.

A.some B.less C.much D.more②Twolawyershavedonated$50,000to_____ourschool’scampaign“HelptheNeedy”,whichwasstartedbyourformerheadmasterthreeyearsago.

A.sponsor B.launchC.organize D.plan③About30percentto40percentofnonemergencysurgeryinthesecountries_____delayedbecauselessthan2percentofthepeople_____blood.

A.is;donates B.are;donatesC.are;donate D.is;donate④Theadultshavetoworkharderthanevertoprovidefortheneedsofthechildren,whocannot_____totheeconomyuntiltheyareolder.A.appeal B.contribute C.donate D.correspond⑤Halfamonthlater,hefoundhislostmotorcycle_____inthewoodsoffthehighway.A.abandoned B.rentedC.donated D.refused9.correspond(v)一致、與……相當(dāng)、通信；短語：seldomcorrespond難得一致；correspondabout通信談…；correspondforanewspaper給報(bào)社做通信員；correspondto和…符合,與…相稱,相當(dāng)于；correspondwith和…相當(dāng),和…符合,和…通信；用法：①correspond后接介詞to，介詞賓語為事或物，表示“相當(dāng)于、符合”。如：Hisanswercorrespondstomyexpectation.后接with，表示“符合、與……通信”。如：Thehouseexactlycorrespondstomyneeds./Icorrespondedwithherwhileshewasaway.②correspond還可作“通信”解。配套練習(xí)：①Toourpuzzlement,thewrittenrecordofourconversationdoesn’t_____whatwasactuallysaid.A.submitto B.correspondwithC.contributeto D.caterto②EachmembercountryofWTOmust_____itslawsandregulationsandcompeteontheprincipleoffairnessandcooperation.A.caterto B.correspondtoC.relateto D.submitto③Heractionsdonot

_____herwords.A.submitto B.correspondwithC.contributeto D.caterto④Redlinesonthemap

_____majorroads.

A.caterto B.correspondtoC.relateto D.submitto10.meanwhileadv.此時(shí)；同時(shí)；其間;n.同時(shí)(=meantime)短語：inthemeanwhile同時(shí)；用法：meanwhile意為“同時(shí)，在此期間”，作為副詞和名詞，表示在某動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生或存在期間將可能發(fā)生另一件事。它不用于說明人或事物的另一面。inthemeanwhile在此期間（=inthemeantime）配套練習(xí)：(1).單項(xiàng)填空：①M(fèi)otherwentshopping;______,Icleanedthehouse.A.whileB.whenC.andwhenD.meanwhile②Itwillbeabighelpifyougotothestoreandgetwhatweneedfordinner._____,I’llsetthetable.

A.Asaresult B.OnthewholeC.Inthemeanwhile D.Asamatteroffact③Yourdoctorwillaskyouthesequestions_____,soyoumayaswellhavetheinformation.A.anyway B.meanwhileC.therefore D.moreover④Theincomesofskilledworkerswentup._____,unskilledworkerssawtheirearningsfall.A.Moreover B.ThereforeC.Meanwhile D.Otherwise(2).完成句子簡在寫信，而與此同時(shí)帕特正在看電視。Janewaswritingaletter____________PatwaswatchingTV.11.curevt.&n.治愈，治療；短語：cureinsmoke

用煙熏；cureofadisease

治愈(某人的)?。籧ureofasocialevil

根除弊?。籧ureofdiscontent

消除不滿；cureofgrief

消除悲哀；cureofpneumonia

治療肺炎；curewithacertainmedicine

以特效藥治愈；pastcure

無可救藥；用法：①cure作動(dòng)詞，其賓語后接of，介詞的賓語為病痛或惡習(xí)等，表示“消除……的病或惡習(xí)”。如：Theytriedtocurethesocietyofthesocialevils.作名詞，后接for，表示“治療或糾正……的東西或方法”。如：Thisisacureforheadaches.后接of，表示“治療或糾正……”。如：Weaimedatthecureofbureaucratism（官僚主義）.②cure作“治愈”解時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞,但可加不定冠詞;作“藥劑”“療法”解時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞,有復(fù)數(shù)形式。③cure的基本意思是“治愈”,指用藥物治愈某人的病。此時(shí)cure并不表示動(dòng)作,而表示治愈的結(jié)果。引申可指“矯正某人的不良行為”。④cure可用作及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),主語是人,賓語一般為患者,后接of引出疾病;主語為藥物時(shí),賓語多為疾病或不良行為。cure用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),可用病、傷、惡習(xí)作主語,其主動(dòng)形式含有被動(dòng)意義;以藥物或療法作主語時(shí),意為“有療效”“可治愈”。cure可用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。⑤cure還可作“保存”解，指用腌、曬、烤等方法保存食物、動(dòng)物皮毛或煙草等。比較：cure意為“治療；治愈”，多用于指藥物治療并治愈某種疾病或改正不良習(xí)氣。常用于“curesb.of...”結(jié)構(gòu)中。treat為日常用語，意為“治療；醫(yī)治”，指治療病人的全過程或活動(dòng)。heal意為“治愈（傷口）；醫(yī)治”，指治好外傷或燒傷后的部位，使傷口愈合，不用于指治療感冒等疾病。recover意為“痊愈,復(fù)原”，主要是指從病中痊愈了，常與from連用。配套練習(xí)：(1).完成句子：①盤尼西林治好了他的肺炎。Penicillin________________hispneumonia.②事故后卡車司機(jī)的擦傷得到了治療。Aftertheaccident,thelorrydriver________________forcutsandbruises.③他手指上的傷口很快愈合了。Thecutonhisfinger__________quickly.(2).單項(xiàng)填空：①Onlyinthiswaycanyoube_____yourcarelessness.A.cured B.treatedC.gotover D.curedof②Oneoftheseguards,whomIhadcuredofapainful_____,wasalwayspraisingmyskill.A.illness B.sickness C.disease D.disorder③Thedoctorwhocuredmyfriendofcanceralwaysservesothers_____andsoul.A.heartB.mindC.spiritD.head④—Doyoustillbelieveinlove?—Absolutely.Itisnottime,money,powerorwhateverbutlove_____curesourpain.

A.who B.which C.that D.what⑤Thedoctor_____youforyourcoughissureto_____it.

A.curing;treat B.cures;treatingC.treating;cure D.treats;cure12.patent專利、專利權(quán)、專利證；短語：Itispatenttoallthat…大家都明白……；takeout/getapatentforsth得到……的專利權(quán)；patentnotion獨(dú)到的見解；patentmedicine成藥；letterspatent專利特許證；designpatent工業(yè)樣品專利權(quán)；PatentOffice專利局；patentinfringement專利侵權(quán)；patentright專利權(quán)；patentfee專利費(fèi)；patentlicense專利特許使用權(quán)；用法：patent可作名詞、形容詞和動(dòng)詞。如：Heownedseveral

patents.他擁有幾項(xiàng)專利發(fā)明。/Trysomeofthisnew

patent

medicine.試試這一種新的專利藥品吧。/Ifyoudon't

patent

youinvention,someonemightstealtheidea.

如果你不為你的發(fā)明取得專利權(quán)，會(huì)有人剽竊其構(gòu)思的。配套練習(xí)：①Finallytheyoungworkergota___forhisnewinventionfromthepatentoffice.A.rightB.patentC.wayD.use②Thisnewmachineisprotectedby___;theinventorhastakenout___onit.A.patent;apatentB.thepatent;thepatentC.patents;patentsD.patent;thepatent③Itispatenttousallthatitisimportant____Englishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned④Encouragedbymyscienceteacher,Isetaboutmystudiesondevelopingmyproduct,_____IhopeIwillsucceedinapplyingforapatent(專利權(quán)).A.withwhom B.towhomC.throughwhich D.forwhich13.permanent永久的、固定的；短語：apermanentforce常備軍；apermanentcommittee常設(shè)委員會(huì)；permanentcontrol

永久控制；permanentjob〔position〕

固定工作〔職位〕；用法：permanent沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式。配套練習(xí)：①“Longliveourfriendship”meansthatweexpectourfriendshipwillbe___.A.longB.foreverC.permanentD.forgood②Inordertoprotectourcountry,wemustbuildup___permanentforce.A.theB.aC./D.our③Noweverybodywillnothavea___.A.permanenceB.permanentC.permanencyD.permanently④Accordingtotheregulationsofourcompany,everybodyistobetakenonforathree-monthtrialperiodbeforebeingacceptedasa_____memberofstaff.

A.permanent B.instantC.temporary D.consistent14.permit允許、許可、許可證。反義詞：refuse；短語：permitsb./sth.允許某人/某事;permitsb.todosth.=allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事;permitdoingsth.=allowdoingsth.允許做某事;byspecialpermit

根據(jù)特許；withpermit

持有許可證；withoutpermit

無許可證；permitfor

對(duì)…的許可；permitfordoingsth

做某事的許可證；permitfrom

得到…的許可；permitinto

允許進(jìn)來；permitof

容許,有…的可能,留有…的余地；permitofnoexcuse

不能原諒；permitofstayingthere

允許留在那里；permitstrangerthrough

允許陌生人通過；用法：①permit的基本意思是指天氣、時(shí)間、健康狀況或某人等允許某人去某處或做某事。既可用作及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),permit常接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞作賓語,可用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。permit也可接雙賓語,其間接賓語不可轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞for或to的賓語。還可接以動(dòng)詞不定式、副詞或介詞短語充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語的復(fù)合賓語。permit作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),意思是“容許”,主要用在狀語結(jié)構(gòu)中。②permitof的意思是“允許,有…余地”,是比較正式的用法,常用于否定句。of后可接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或that從句(從句中的should可以省略),接“no+n.”時(shí)of?？墒÷?接that從句時(shí)of須省。如：Thesituationpermitsofnodelay.形勢(shì)刻不容緩；③在表示客觀條件許可的意義時(shí)，permit后可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。如：Hisworkdoesn’tpermithisgoing.比較：allow與permit同義，意為“允許”，allow偏重“聽信，默許”，含有消極地，不反對(duì)的意思，指允許別人去做某事或給予一定的權(quán)限去完成所要做的事；allow也可表示客氣的請(qǐng)求。如：Willyouallowmetouseyourpen?permit含有積極地，從正面“允許”，語氣比allow強(qiáng)、正式；allow和permit后跟的不定式的邏輯主語是該兩詞的賓語，而不是句子的主語。如：Smokingisnotpermittedinmostpublicplaces.let著重指不反對(duì)和不阻止，在表示客氣的請(qǐng)求時(shí)，可與allow互換；let表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，常用beallowed代替belet，但當(dāng)let作“出讓”解時(shí)，可用belet。如：Wehaveahousetolet/belet.promise指答應(yīng)某人要求、請(qǐng)求或主動(dòng)提出某種許諾。執(zhí)行這種允諾的不是別人而是講話人本身，也即句子的主語。如：Myunclepromisedmetobuyapen.配套練習(xí)：①Weusuallydon’tallow___here,butyou’reallowed___todayasanexception.A.tosmoke;tosmokeB.smoking;smokingC.tosmoke;smokingD.smoking;tosmoke②Ifyoudowhatyouarenot___,you___punished.A.allowedto;aresuretobeB.alloweddoing;aresuretobeC.allowedtodo;aresureyou’llbeD.allowedto;aresureofbeing③Ourschoolforbids___,thatistosay,wearenotallowed___atschool.A.tosmoke;tosmokeB.students’smoking;smokingC.students’tosmoke;smokingD.students’smoking;tosmoke④Heissaidto___tohiscountrybecauseanewpresidentcomestopower.A.beallowedtoreturnB.allowtoreturnC.allowreturningD.beallowedreturning⑤Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked,___.A.youareallowedinB.youwillbeallowedinC.willyouallowinD.willyoubeallowedin⑥Youngpeopleunder18arenot___togototheNetclubaccordingtothepresentlawinourcountry.A.promisedB.permittedC.suggestedD.agreed⑦Whatworriedthechildmostwas___tovisithismotherinthehospital.A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedC.hisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeenallowed⑧—Wouldyoupermitme_____here?—Sorry.Wedon’tpermit_______inthelibrary.A.smoking;smokingB.tosmoke;tosmokeC.smoking;tosmokeD.tosmoke;smoking15.press壓、按、新聞界（人士）。短語：presssomebodyforananswer迫使某人回答；timepresses=bepressedfortime時(shí)間緊迫；presssomebodytodosomething=urgesomebodytodosomething敦促某人做某事；pressone’sopinionuponsomebody把自己的意見強(qiáng)加于某人；Theshoespressagainstmyfeet鞋擠腳；bein/onthepress正在印刷；pressforananswer

催促答復(fù)；presssbfordetails

向某人追問詳情；pressforreform

迫切要求改革；pressoilfromsoyabeans

榨取豆油；pressinto

使壓成,逼…致使,把…塞入；presssbintoconfession

逼某人坦白,逼供；pressclayintovariousforms

把泥壓成各種形狀；presson〔upon〕

按,將…壓在…上,使負(fù)重?fù)?dān),壓迫；pressonbutton

按電鈕或鍵；presssthoutof

從…中榨出；pressthroughadoor

擠過一扇門；pressaheadwitheffort

加緊努力；用法：①press既可用作不及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),接名詞或代詞作賓語,還可接以形容詞或動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語的復(fù)合賓語?？捎糜诒粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。②press用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),常與ahead,forward,for等詞連用。③press作“報(bào)界,新聞界”解,用作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)形式,也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Thepressisasocialforce.新聞界是一股社會(huì)力量。④press作“出版社,通訊社”“印刷機(jī)”等解時(shí)可用作可數(shù)名詞。配套練習(xí)：①Hewastovisitakeyfigure,sohehadhissuit___.A.pressB.pressingC.pressedD.tobepressed②Time___.Youshouldgetdowntoworknow.A.touchesB.pressesC.shortD.little③Somanypeoplesurroundedtheactorthathehadto___throughthemtoreachthestage.A.passB.goC.pressD.walk④Thearmypressedtheirway___thecoldwindyesterday.A.inB.onC.atD.against16.declare聲明、斷定、宣布。短語：declarefor/againstsomething表態(tài)支持(反對(duì))某事；Hedeclaredthatitwastrue/declaredittobetrue(復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))斷定那是真實(shí)的；Hedeclaredhimself(tobe)satisfied他表示自己滿意；declarewaron/against向……宣戰(zhàn)；declareagainstcheating

表示反對(duì)作弊；declareagainstwar

聲明反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)；declareforwar

聲明贊成戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)；declarewaronacountry

向某國宣戰(zhàn)；declarewaronpoverty

向貧困宣戰(zhàn)；declareto

向…宣稱；declarewith

一致聲稱；句型：1)、declaremyopinion發(fā)表我的看法；2)、declaresomebody(tobe)innocent宣布某人無罪；3)、Hedeclaredthatthemeetinghadbeenpostponed.用法：①declare既可用作及物動(dòng)詞,又可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其后接名詞、代詞或that從句作賓語。不接動(dòng)名詞,也不接動(dòng)詞不定式?？捎糜诒粍?dòng)語態(tài)。如：Hedeclaredtofinishthework要改為：thathecouldfinishthework；②declare后可接由tobe/as加名詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語的復(fù)合賓語。tobe/as有時(shí)可以省略。③declare接復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)可以用動(dòng)詞不定式或由wh-引起的疑問詞從句作賓語,但它們都由it代替,而它們本身則移到補(bǔ)語后面,此時(shí)它的補(bǔ)語多為形容詞。④declare作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)常跟介詞against表示“聲明反對(duì)”,接for表示“宣布支持”。辨析:declare與announce(1)declare表示正式、明白地宣告，一般指在正式場(chǎng)合宣布立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度等。如：Theareahasbeendeclaredanationalpark.這地區(qū)已宣布為國家公園。(2)announce是表示“宣布”的普通用詞，指公平地發(fā)布人們所關(guān)心的或感興趣的事情，尤指新聞之類的事情，或表示某事預(yù)示著某事的到來。如：Heannouncedhisretirementfrominternationalfootball.他宣布已退出國際足球界。配套練習(xí)：(1).單項(xiàng)填空：①Thechairmandeclaredthemeeting___intheend.A.closedB.openingC.closingD.open②Thegovernmentis___toeveryonetosavewater.A.askingB.appealingC.declaringD.announcing③Themomentthe28thOlympicGames___open,allthestudentsintheclassroomcheered.A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared④In1938,Hitler___waragainstPoland,whichstartedtheSecondWorldWar.A.declaredB.announcedC.broadcastedD.advertised⑤Theheadmasterwill________aspeechtothevisitingforeigngueststhisafternoon.A．deliverB．a(chǎn)ddressC．a(chǎn)nnounce D．declare(2).采用declare或announce的適當(dāng)形式填空。①Ithasbeen________thatMrGreenandMissWhitewillgetmarriedinMay.②Thecourt________thatthestrikeactionwasillegal.17．a(chǎn)vailable可利用的、可達(dá)到的、有效的；短語：employallavailablemeans用盡所有辦法、千方百計(jì)；sbbenotavailable某人不在；makeoneselfavailable

使自己可以效勞；makesthavailable

使某事可利用,使某事可獲得；availablefor

可供…之用的,有效期為,能參加〔出席〕…的；availableforexport

可供出口的；availableforameeting

能參加會(huì)議的；availableforthreemonths

有效期為3個(gè)月；availableto

對(duì)…可獲得的；用法：=1\*GB3①available后接for，表示可供的范圍、時(shí)間或用處等。如：Thebookisavailableforconference.后接to，介詞的賓語多為人，表示“某人可得到或利用”。如：Theserum(血清)isavailabletothegeneralpublic(一般公眾).作定語時(shí)，常后置。如：Iwillsendyouallparticulars(細(xì)節(jié))available.=2\*GB3②available作“現(xiàn)成可用的;在手邊的;閑著的”解時(shí)不用于比較等級(jí)。=3\*GB3③available用作表語時(shí),其后還可接動(dòng)詞不定式,該不定式的主動(dòng)形式可表示主動(dòng)意義,也可表示被動(dòng)意義。比較：accessible/availableaccessible評(píng)價(jià)人時(shí)：平易近人的，容易接近的，隨和的；描述地點(diǎn)時(shí)：可進(jìn)入的；描述物體時(shí)：易得到的；可使用的；available評(píng)價(jià)人時(shí)：有空的，能找到的；描述地點(diǎn)時(shí)：為了參觀而準(zhǔn)備好的；描述物體時(shí)：現(xiàn)成的，準(zhǔn)備好的，可使用的；配套練習(xí)：=1\*GB3①M(fèi)ybrotherwouldliketobuyagoodwatchbut_____wasavailablefromthatshop.A.nothing B.noneC.noone D.neither=2\*GB3②Interestisas_____tolearningastheabilitytounderstand,evenmoreso.

A.vital B.available C.specific D.similar=3\*GB3③—CanyoulendmethebookGonewiththeWind?—Sorry.Ireturnedittothelibraryjustnow.Maybeitisstill_____.

A.available B.affordableC.acceptable D.valuable=4\*GB3④—MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?—Iamafraidnot.Heisatameetingnow.It’snot_____.

A.reliable B.convenientC.beneficial D.available=5\*GB3⑤Ican’tunderstandwhysomegraduateswouldn’tgotoruralareasofourcountrywherelargequantitiesofjobsare_____.A.present B.suitableC.available D.convenient=6\*GB3⑥—Hello!FriendshipHotel.CanIhelpyou?—Doyouhavearoomwithadoublebed_____forSaturday?

A.available B.empty C.possible D.useful=7\*GB3⑦Johnonceworkedinaremotemountainvillageschool,whichis_____onlyonfoot.A.acceptable B.accessibleC.available D.appropriate=8\*GB3⑧Wolvesarevery_____:theycanliveinforests,onopenplains,orinthesnowsoftheArctic.

A.adaptable B.adoptableC.available D.accessible18．suggestionn．建議，提議短語：atone'ssuggestion根據(jù)某人的建議；onthesuggestionof在……的建議下；holdasuggestion略有……跡象；putup/makeasuggestion提出建議；dosomethingon/atyoursuggestion根據(jù)你的建議做某事；adopt〔reject〕asuggestion

采納〔拒絕〕建議；advance〔comeupwith,offer,putforward〕asuggestion

提建議；ask〔call〕forasuggestion

征求建議；appropriate〔helpful〕suggestion

適當(dāng)〔有益〕的建議；onlybywayofsuggestion

僅供參考；suggestionabout〔concerning〕

有關(guān)…的建議；用法：①suggestion的基本意思是“建議,提議”,可接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句,從句中要用虛擬語氣。如：Whatdoyouthinkofthesuggestionthatwe(should)putonaplayattheEnglishevening?②suggestion還可作“細(xì)微的跡象”解,一般用作單數(shù)形式,常與介詞of連用。③suggestion,advice,proposal作“建議”講時(shí)，相關(guān)的名詞性從句要用虛擬語氣。配套練習(xí)：(1).單項(xiàng)填空：①Atthe_____ofhisfollowers,heagreedtoremaininoffice.

A.suggestionB.requestC.requirement D.demand

②Hissuggestion__________toseetheartexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.A．thatwegoB．whichweshouldgoC．thatwewouldgoD．whenwecouldto③Doyouhaveanysuggestionsto___?A.takeB.haveC.makeD.ask=4\*GB3④Hissuggestion_____toseetheartexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.A.thatwegoB.whichweshouldgoC.thatwewouldgoD.weshouldgo(2).完成句子①他提出建議釋放所有的政治犯。Hemadethesuggestionthatallthepoliticalprisoners__________.②我的第一個(gè)建議是要有計(jì)劃性。Myfirstsuggestionisthatthere__________moreplanning.19．starvationn．饑餓；餓死短語：dieofstarvation餓死；死于饑餓；astarvationdiet僅夠存活的日常飲食；starvetodeath餓死；starveforsth.渴望獲得某物；缺乏某物(常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài))；lubricantstarvation潤滑劑不足；fuelstarvation燃料不足；starvationcure禁食療法,饑餓療法；配套練習(xí)：(1).單項(xiàng)填空：①Theylivedonthe_____ofstarvation.A.borderB.lineC.mapD.sign②H