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新概念第四冊(cè)Lesson53講義TelevisionThemostpervasive1andpersuasive2ofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth-ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility3,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.Theword"television",derived4fromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(visisight)roots,canliterally5beinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthecapability6ofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicsystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdetermined7byitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachesthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnonbroadcasttelevision,whichprovidesfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforaboutthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthemostpart,bythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBC,andCBS,whohavebeenthemajorpurveyorsofnews,information,andentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghaveactuallyshapednotonlytelevisionbutourperceptionofitaswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.

1pervasive

adj.普遍的;遍布的,(到處)彌漫的;滲透性的參考例句:Itisthemostpervasivecompoundonearth.它是地球上最普遍的化合物。Theadversehealtheffectsofcarexhaustarepervasiveanddifficulttomeasure.汽車尾氣對(duì)人類健康所構(gòu)成的有害影響是普遍的,并且難以估算。2persuasive

adj.有說(shuō)服力的,能說(shuō)得使人相信的參考例句:Hisargumentsinfavourofanewschoolareverypersuasive.他贊成辦一座新學(xué)校的理由很有說(shuō)服力。Theevidencewasnotreallypersuasiveenough.證據(jù)并不是太有說(shuō)服力。3versatility

n.多才多藝,多樣性,多功能參考例句:Versatilityisanotherofyourstrongpoints,butdon'toverdoitbyhavingtoomanyironsinthefire.你還有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)處是多才多藝,但不要攬事太多而太露鋒芒。Thisversatilitycomesfromadualweatherinfluence.這種多樣性是由于雙重的氣候影響而形成的。4derived

vi.起源;由來(lái);衍生;導(dǎo)出v.得到(derive的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞);(從…中)得到獲得;源于;(從…中)提取參考例句:ManyEnglishwordsarederivedfromLatinandGreek.英語(yǔ)很多詞源出于拉丁文和希臘文。來(lái)自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》Hederivedhisenthusiasmforliteraturefromhisfather.他對(duì)文學(xué)的愛(ài)好是受他父親的影響。來(lái)自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》5literally

adv.照字面意義,逐字地;確實(shí)參考例句:Hetranslatedthepassageliterally.他逐字逐句地翻譯這段文字。Sometimesshewouldnotsitdowntillshewasliterallyfaint.有時(shí)候,她不走到真正要昏厥了,決不肯坐下來(lái)。6capability

n.能力;才能;(pl)可發(fā)展的能力或特性等參考例句:Shehasthecapabilitytobecomeaveryfineactress.她有潛力成為杰出演員。Organizingawholedepartmentisbeyondhiscapability.組織整個(gè)部門是他能力以外的事。7determined

adj.堅(jiān)定的;有決心的參考例句:IhavedeterminedongoingtoTibetaftergraduation.我已決定畢業(yè)后去西藏。Hedeterminedtoviewtheroomsbehindtheoffice.他決定查看一下辦公室后面的房間。AndrewCarnegieAndrewCarnegie,knownastheKingofSteel,builtthesteelindustryintheUnitedStates,and,intheprocess,becameoneofthewealthiestmeninAmerica.Hissuccessresultedinpartfromhisabilitytoselltheproductandinpartfromhispolicyofexpandingduringperiodsofeconomicdecline1,whenmostofhiscompetitorswerereducingtheirinvestments2.Carnegiebelievedthatindividualsshouldprogressthroughhardwork,buthealsofeltstronglythatthewealthyshouldusetheirfortunesforthebenefitofsociety.Heopposedcharity,preferringinsteadtoprovideeducationalopportunitiesthatwouldallowotherstohelpthemselves."Hewhodiesrich,diesdisgraced,"heoftensaid.Amonghismorenoteworthycontributionstosocietyarethosethatbearhisname,includingtheCarnegieInstituteofPittsburgh,whichhasalibrary,amuseumoffinearts,andamuseumofnationalhistory.HealsofoundedaschooloftechnologythatisnowpartofCarnegie-MellonUniversity.OtherphilanthrophicgiftsaretheCarnegieEndowmentforInternationalPeacetopromoteunderstandingbetweennations,theCarnegieInstituteofWashingtontofund3scientificresearch,andCarnegieHalltoprovideacenterforthearts.FewAmericanshavebeenleftuntouchedbyAndrewCarnegie'sgenerosity4.Hiscontributionsofmorethanfivemilliondollarsestablished2,500librariesinsmallcommunitiesthroughoutthecountryandformedthenucleus5ofthepubliclibrarysystemthatweallenjoytoday.

點(diǎn)擊收聽(tīng)單詞發(fā)音

1decline

n.衰微,跌落,下降;vt.使降低,婉謝;vi.下降,衰落,偏斜參考例句:Imustdeclinetoshowfavourtoanyofthecandidates.我必須拒絕偏袒任何一位候選人。Thebirthrateisonthedecline.出生率在下降。2investments

n.投資(investment的名詞復(fù)數(shù));投資額;(時(shí)間、精力的)投入;值得買的東西參考例句:Withthemarketsbeingsovolatile,investmentsareatgreatrisk.由于市場(chǎng)那么變化不定,投資冒著很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。來(lái)自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》Alltheirmoneywastiedupinlong-terminvestments.他們所有的錢都擱死在長(zhǎng)線投資上了。來(lái)自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》3fund

n.基金,資金,存款,財(cái)源,貯藏;vt.提供資金,積累參考例句:Theydecidedtosetupafundforthispurpose.他們決定為此專立一項(xiàng)基金。Thisfundmaynotbedrawnonwithoutpermission.這筆錢非經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)不得動(dòng)用。4generosity

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