新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)Lesson+13+The+search+for+oil+講義

Lesson13Thesearchforoil探尋石油Whatdooilmenwanttoachieveassoonastheystrikeoil?Thedeepestholesofallmadeforoil,andtheygodowntoasmuchas25,0000feet.Butwenotneedtosendmendowntogettheoilour,aswemustwithothermineraldeposits.Theholesareonlyborings,lessthanafootindiameter.Myparticularexperienceislargelyinoil,andthesearchforoilhasdonemoretoimprovedeepdrillingthananyotherminingactivity.Whenishasbeendecided1wherewearegoingtodrill,weputupatthesurfaceanoilderrick.Ithastobetallbecauseitislikeagiantblockandtackle,andwehavetolowerintothegroundandhauloutofthegroundgreatlengthsofdrillpipewhicharerotatedbyanengineatthetopandarefittedwithacuttingbitatthebottom.Thegeologist2needstoknowwhatrocksthedrillhasreached,soeverysooftenasampleisobtainedwithacoringbit.Itcutsacleancylinder3ofrock,fromwhichcanbeseenthestrata4thedrillhasbeencuttingthrough.Oncewegetdowntotheoil,itusuallyflowstothesurfacebecausegreatpressure,eitherfromorwater,ispushingit.Thispressuremustbeundercontrol,andwecontrolitbymeansofthemudwhichwecirculatedownthedrillpipe.Weendeavourtoavoidtheold,romanticideaofagusher5,whichwastesoilandgas.Wewantittostaydowntheholeuntilwecanleaditoffinacontrolledmanner.T.F.GASKELLTheSearchfortheEarth'sMineralsfromDiscoveryNewwordsandexpressions生詞和短語(yǔ)mineraladj.礦物的boringn.鉆孔derrickn.井架blockandtackle滑輪組haulv.拖，拉rotatev.使轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)cuttingbit鉆頭geologistn.地質(zhì)學(xué)家coring取芯鉆頭cylindern.圓柱體stratan.巖層[復(fù)]([單]stratum或strata[誤用])circulatev.注入，環(huán)流gushern.噴油井參考譯文在所有洞穴中，為尋找石油所鉆出的洞是最深的，這些洞可深達(dá)25,000英尺。但是，我們不必像開(kāi)采其他礦藏那樣，把人送到地下去把石油取出。這些洞只不過(guò)是一些鉆孔，直徑不到1英尺。我是專門(mén)搞石油的，尋找石油比其他任何采礦業(yè)對(duì)改進(jìn)鉆探作的貢獻(xiàn)都要大。當(dāng)確定鉆孔地點(diǎn)后，我們就在那里豎起一個(gè)井架。井架必須很高，因?yàn)樗褚粋€(gè)巨型滑輪組。我們必須把很長(zhǎng)的鉆桿一節(jié)節(jié)地鉆入地下，然后再?gòu)牡叵吕鰜?lái)。鉆桿頂部安裝的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)鉆桿旋轉(zhuǎn)，它的底部裝有鉆頭。地質(zhì)學(xué)家需要知道鉆頭已以到達(dá)什么樣的巖層，因此時(shí)常要用芯鉆頭取樣。這種鉆頭能切割一段光滑的圓柱形巖石，從中能看出所鉆透的地層。一旦到達(dá)油層，石油就會(huì)由于地下巨大的壓力流到地面上來(lái)，這種巨大的壓力來(lái)自地下天然氣或水。這種壓力必須加以控制，我們讓泥槳順著鉆桿向下循環(huán)，用這種方法來(lái)控制壓力。我們盡量避免使用陳舊天真的噴井方法，那樣會(huì)浪費(fèi)石油和天然氣。我們要讓石油留在井下，直到我們能用一種有控制的方法把它引上來(lái)為止。

新概念英語(yǔ)正版圖書(shū)購(gòu)買(mǎi)點(diǎn)擊收聽(tīng)單詞發(fā)音

1decided

adj.決定了的，堅(jiān)決的；明顯的，明確的參考例句：Thisgavethemadecidedadvantageovertheiropponents.這使他們比對(duì)手具有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。ThereisadecideddifferencebetweenBritishandChinesewayofgreeting.英國(guó)人和中國(guó)人打招呼的方式有很明顯的區(qū)別。2geologist

n.地質(zhì)學(xué)家參考例句：Thegeologistfoundmanyuncoveredfossilsinthevalley.在那山谷里，地質(zhì)學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多裸露的化石。Hewasageologist,ratedbyhiscroniesasthebestinthebusiness.他是一位地質(zhì)學(xué)家，被他的老朋友們看做是這門(mén)行當(dāng)中最好的一位。3cylinder

n.圓筒，柱(面)，汽缸參考例句：What'sthevolumeofthiscylinder?這個(gè)圓筒的體積有多少？Thecylinderisgettingtoomuchgasandnotenoughair.汽缸里汽油太多而空氣不足。4strata

n.地層（復(fù)數(shù)）；社會(huì)階層參考例句：Theolderstratagraduallydisintegrate.較老的巖層漸漸風(fēng)化。Theyrepresentallsocialstrata.他們代表各個(gè)社會(huì)階層。5gusher

n.噴油井參考例句：Weend