高考英語(yǔ)模擬卷VIP

高考英語(yǔ)模擬卷第一部分聽(tīng)力(略)第二部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21.Lindatohermotherforsolongthatshefiguresoutalmosteverygestureofhermother’s.A.attended B.hadattendedC.wouldattend D.hasattended答案D解析考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意為：琳達(dá)照顧她母親太久了，她幾乎能領(lǐng)會(huì)母親的每一個(gè)動(dòng)作。分析句意可知，本句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，著眼點(diǎn)在現(xiàn)在。故D選項(xiàng)正確。22.Yousayyouareinnocent，butwehavegoodreasonstothink.A.twice B.overC.aloud D.otherwise答案D解析考查副詞的辨析。句意為：你說(shuō)你是無(wú)辜的，但是我們也有充足的理由在其他方面作考慮。otherwise否則，另外，在其他方面。23.Finally，wedidn’treachanagreement.SomeagreedonthepointwhileIwasoneofopposedit.(2018·南開(kāi)區(qū)三模)A.thosewho B.thoseC.who D.that答案A解析句意為：最后，我們沒(méi)有達(dá)成一致。一些人同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)而我是反對(duì)者中的一員。此處考查定語(yǔ)從句，需要有先行詞，those，指“那些人”，定語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)，用that或who，先行詞為those時(shí)往往使用who，故答案為thosewho。24.—Whenwillthebike-sharingschemesbeintroducedtothepublic?—Notuntilabetterunderstandingofthem.A.wehavehad B.willwehavehadC.havewehad D.wewillhavehad答案A解析考查語(yǔ)序。句意為：——共享單車計(jì)劃將于何時(shí)推出？——直到我們對(duì)它們有了更好的了解。根據(jù)第一句話可知這是將來(lái)時(shí)，但是until引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。notuntil位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝，notuntil所在的從句不用，故選A。25.StephenHawking’scrowningachievementwashispredictioninthe1970sblackholescanemitenergy，despitetheclassicalviewthatnothingcanescapetheirgravity.A.whenB.whatC.howD.that答案D解析考查同位語(yǔ)從句。句意為：史蒂芬·霍金最大的成就是在20世紀(jì)70年代預(yù)測(cè)宇宙黑洞能夠發(fā)出能量，而傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為任何事物都無(wú)法逃避重力。句中that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句解釋名詞prediction的內(nèi)容，that在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。故D項(xiàng)正確。26.SteveJobsisakeyfigureinthecomputerworldhehashadagreatinfluenceonmodernlifeandtechnology.A.onconditionthat B.incaseC.inthat D.aslongas答案C解析考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意為：史蒂夫·喬布斯是計(jì)算機(jī)世界的關(guān)鍵人物，因?yàn)樗麑?duì)現(xiàn)代生活和技術(shù)產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。onconditionthat如果；incase萬(wàn)一；inthat因?yàn)?；aslongas只要。故選C。27.Beforerealestatecontrolpolicieswereintroduced，peoplehopedthattheirincomewouldbeincreasedtheriseinhousingprices.A.intouchwith B.inanticipationofC.inlinewith D.incombinationwith答案C解析考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：在出臺(tái)房地產(chǎn)調(diào)控政策之前，人們希望他們的收入能隨著房?jī)r(jià)的上漲而增加。intouchwith和……保持聯(lián)系；inanticipationof期待著……，預(yù)計(jì)到……；inlinewith和……一致；incombinationwith與……聯(lián)合/結(jié)合。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。28.—Whatdoyouthinkofthenewly-releasedfilmCapernaum?—Ittouchedmyheartdeeply.ButforyourrecommendationIit.A.hadmissed B.wouldmissC.wouldhavemissed D.musthavemissed答案C解析考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為：——你覺(jué)得新上映的電影《何以為家》怎么樣？——它深深地觸動(dòng)了我的心。要不是你的推薦，我就錯(cuò)過(guò)了。句中butfor表示條件，意為“要不是……”，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，主句要用should/would/might/could＋havedone來(lái)構(gòu)成。故C選項(xiàng)正確。29.—Whydoesheweararaincoatonsunnydays?—NordoIunderstand.Heis.A.awetblanket B.alazyboneC.ablacksheep D.anoddfish答案D解析考查習(xí)語(yǔ)。句意為：——為什么他大晴天還穿著雨衣？——我也不理解。他是一個(gè)古怪的人。awetblanket令人掃興的人；alazybone懶蟲(chóng)；ablacksheep害群之馬，敗家子；anoddfish古怪的人。故選D。30.—Imustpointoutthattrialsofnewmedicineareexpensiveandyoucanneversuccess.—Butthereisaverygoodchanceinthiscase.A.admit B.guaranteeC.attain D.deserve答案B解析考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為：——我必須指出新藥的試驗(yàn)很昂貴，而且你不能保證它會(huì)成功?！窃谶@種情況下也會(huì)有很大的機(jī)會(huì)。admit承認(rèn)；guarantee保證；attain獲得；deserve值得。故B選項(xiàng)正確。31.—WhatdoyouknowmadeSarahsoupset?—givingawaystatesecrets.A.ChargedwithB.BeingchargedwithC.AccusingofD.Tobeaccusedof答案B解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：——你知道是什么讓莎拉這么不高興嗎？——她被指控泄露國(guó)家機(jī)密。sb.bechargedwith“某人因……而被控告”。第二句的主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)Beingchargedwith...，后面省略了madeSarahsoupset。還可以用beingaccusedof。故B選項(xiàng)正確。32.Thecollection，sortingandofhistoricalmaterialsandculturalrelicsoftheMayFourthMovementshouldbestrengthened，PresidentXisaid.A.consideration B.conservationC.constitution D.construction答案B解析考查名詞辨析。句意為：習(xí)主席說(shuō)，要加強(qiáng)對(duì)五四運(yùn)動(dòng)歷史資料和文物的收集、整理和保護(hù)。consideration考慮；conservation保護(hù)；constitution憲法；construction建設(shè)。故選B。33.USslangishugelythankstothemanydifferentethnicgroupsthathavesettledinthecountry.A.delicate B.dynamicC.diverse D.desperate答案C解析考查形容詞辨析。句意為：由于許多不同的民族在美國(guó)定居，美國(guó)俚語(yǔ)非常多樣化。delicate微妙的；dynamic有活力的；diverse不同的，多樣的；desperate不顧一切的。故選C。34.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromofmostChineseuniversitieswherevisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.A.that B.oneC.theone D.those答案A解析考查代詞的辨析。句意為：該校園的風(fēng)格與大多數(shù)中國(guó)大學(xué)(的風(fēng)格)大不相同，參觀者對(duì)那里復(fù)雜的建筑空間和豐富的建筑類型感到驚奇。分析句子可知，本空特指前面的“風(fēng)格”，但同類不同物，相當(dāng)于thestyle。分析選項(xiàng)可知，that指代前面提到的the＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或the＋不可數(shù)名詞，常與前面所指代的是同類但不同物，故選A。35.—Ayoungresearcherisreportedtohavediedofheartattack，agedonly30.—Iwonderhowhisfamilycouldstandthethoughtoflosinghim.A.Howso? B.Forgetit.C.Takeiteasy. D.Reallyapity.答案D解析考查情景交際。Howso?怎么會(huì)這樣？為何如此？Forgetit.沒(méi)關(guān)系；Takeiteasy.別著急；Reallyapity.真遺憾啊。句意為：——據(jù)報(bào)道，一位年輕的研究人員死于心臟病，年僅30歲。——真遺憾??！我想知道他的家人怎么能夠承受失去他的痛苦?。」蔇項(xiàng)正確。第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Mymomonlyhadoneeye.Ihatedher.Shewassucha(n)36.Onceduringelementaryschool，mymomcameandIwassoembarrassedthatI37herahatefullookandmyschoolmates38me.Iwishedshewould39fromthisworld.SoIshouted，“Whydon’tyouhavetheothereye？！”Mymomdidnot40.Shehadn’t41me，buttherewassomethingpinchingatmeinmy42.Evenso，Ihatedmyone-eyedmomandourdesperate43.ItoldmyselfthatIwouldbecomesuccessful，soIstudiedhard.LaterIcametoSeoultostudy.ThenIgotmarriedthere.NowIenjoythelifeinSeoulbecauseitdoesn’tremindmeofmy44，untilsomeoneknockedatmydoor.Itwasmymom！Itfeltasifthewholeskywas45onme.Mylittlegirlranaway，scaredofmymom’seye.AndIaskedher，“Whoareyou？Idon’tknowyou??！”asifItriedtomakethatreal.Iscreamedather，“How46youcometomyhouse！Getoutofherenow！！”Tothis，mymom47answered，“I’msorry.Imayhavegotthewrongaddress，”anddisappeared.Oneday，aletter48aschoolreunioncametome.49tomywifethatIwasgoingonabusinesstrip，Iparticipatedinthereunion，afterwhich，IwentdowntotheoldshackthatIusedtocallahouse，justoutof50.ThereIfoundmymomonthecoldground.Ididnot51tears.Shehadapieceofpaperinherhand...itwasalettertome.Myson，Ithinkmylifehasbeen52enoughnow，andIwon’tvisitSeoulanymore.ButwoulditbetoomuchtoaskifIwantedyoutocometovisitmeonceinawhile？Imissyousomuch.AndIwassogladwhenIheardyouwerecomingforthereunion.ButIdecidednottogototheschool...foryou.I’msosorrythatIonlyhaveoneeye，andIwasanembarrassmentforyou.Yousee，whenyouwereverylittle，yougotintoanaccidentandlostyoureye.Asamom，Icouldn’tstand53youhavingtogrowupwithonlyoneeye.SoIgaveyoumine.Iwasso54ofmysontoseeawholenewworldformewiththateye.Iwasneverupsetatyoufor55youdid.Duringthecoupleoftimesthatyouwereangrywithme，Ithoughttomyself，it’sbecausehelovesme.Myson...oh，myson...Don’tcryformebecauseofmydeath.Iloveyousomuch.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文講述了作者因?yàn)閶寢屩挥幸恢谎劬Χ粩嗟貍λY(jié)果卻在許多年后發(fā)現(xiàn)媽媽是將眼睛給了小時(shí)候失去一只眼睛的自己。36.A.honor B.uglinessC.evil D.embarrassment答案D解析由下文中的“Iwassoembarrassed”和倒數(shù)第四段中的“anembarrassmentforyou”可知，媽媽令我感到尷尬。embarrassment令人尷尬的人或事物。37.A.gave B.threwC.cast D.passed答案B解析由該空后的“ahatefullook”可知，我恨恨地看了媽媽一眼。throwalook掃了一眼。38.A.taunted B.comfortedC.sympathized D.beat答案A解析由上文中的“Iwassoembarrassed”以及下文中的“Iwishedshewouldfromthisworld.”可知，同學(xué)們都因?yàn)閶寢尪靶ξ?，taunt嘲笑，奚落，符合語(yǔ)境。comfort安慰；sympathize同情；beat打敗。39.A.benefit B.sufferC.disappear D.die答案C解析由下一句“SoIshouted，‘Whydon’tyouhavetheothereye？！’”可知，我責(zé)問(wèn)媽媽為什么沒(méi)有另一只眼睛，我甚至希望她能從這個(gè)世界上消失。40.A.respond B.explainC.cry D.speak答案A解析由該空前的“SoIshouted，‘Whydon’tyouhavetheothereye？！’”可知，我責(zé)問(wèn)媽媽為什么沒(méi)有另一只眼睛，而她沒(méi)有任何反應(yīng)。respond反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境，所以選A。41.A.forgiven B.punishedC.taught D.yelledat答案B解析結(jié)合上題解析可知，媽媽也沒(méi)有懲罰我。punish懲罰，符合語(yǔ)境。42.A.heart B.mindC.feelings D.emotions答案A解析她沒(méi)有懲罰我，然而卻有樣?xùn)|西在刺痛著我的內(nèi)心。根據(jù)句意可知heart符合題意。43.A.disability B.relationshipC.dilemma D.poverty答案D解析由該空前的“Ihatedmyone-eyedmomandourdesperate”以及該空后的“ItoldmyselfthatIwouldbecomesuccessful”可知我憎恨只有一只眼睛的母親和令人絕望的貧窮，所以選D。poverty貧困。44.A.failure B.pastC.future D.hatred答案B解析根據(jù)“NowIenjoythelifeinSeoulbecauseitdoesn’tremindmeofmy，untilsomeoneknockedatmydoor.Itwasmymom！”可知，我很喜歡在首爾的生活，因?yàn)樗粫?huì)使我想起我的過(guò)去，直到有一天媽媽來(lái)了，所以選B。45.A.turningdark B.breakingdownC.fallingapart D.clearingup答案C解析由下文中的“Iscreamedather，‘Howyoucometomyhouse！’”可知，我恨媽媽找到我，讓我想起了過(guò)去甚至擔(dān)心現(xiàn)在的幸福會(huì)被毀掉，可以推測(cè)出看到媽媽我感覺(jué)天都塌了。fallapart崩潰，破碎，符合語(yǔ)境。turndark變黑；breakdown失敗，損壞；clearup放晴。46.A.could B.mustC.dare D.will答案C解析由上文中的“Iscreamedather，‘Howyoucometomyhouse！’”可知，作者假裝不認(rèn)識(shí)媽媽并責(zé)問(wèn)媽媽怎么敢到自己家，所以選C。47.A.awkwardly B.angrilyC.sadly D.quietly答案D解析媽媽聽(tīng)完我的話安靜地回答道“很抱歉，我可能搞錯(cuò)地址了”，然后就消失了，所以選D。48.A.recommending B.demandingC.inviting D.regarding答案D解析一天，我收到一封關(guān)于學(xué)校聚會(huì)的信。結(jié)合句意可知答案為D。recommend推薦；demand要求；invite邀請(qǐng)，后接被邀請(qǐng)的對(duì)象，所以排除；regard關(guān)于。49.A.Lying B.PretendingC.Informing D.Writing答案A解析結(jié)合語(yǔ)境“我受邀參加同學(xué)聚會(huì)，卻告訴妻子我是去出差”可知，我向妻子撒謊了，所以選A。50.A.homesickness B.curiosityC.love D.regret答案B解析我參加同學(xué)聚會(huì)后去老房子只是出于好奇，所以選B。51.A.burstout B.wipeupC.holdback D.burstinto答案D解析我看到媽媽躺在冰冷的地上，因?yàn)椴荒茉弸寢屩挥幸恢谎劬?，所以我沒(méi)有放聲大哭，因此選D。wipeup擦凈；holdback阻礙，隱瞞；burstinto突然開(kāi)始(某事)，突然進(jìn)入(某種狀態(tài))。burstout迸發(fā)，突然發(fā)生，但其后常接v.-ing形式，故排除。52.A.full B.miserableC.long D.happy答案C解析媽媽雖然因?yàn)樽髡叨纯?，但因?yàn)閷?duì)作者深深的愛(ài)，不會(huì)對(duì)他說(shuō)“我的人生很痛苦”，所以排除干擾項(xiàng)miserable(痛苦的)，答案選C。53.A.keeping B.imaginingC.watching D.leaving答案C解析由于作者小時(shí)候失去一只眼睛，媽媽無(wú)法忍受看著他只有一只眼睛，可知答案選C。54.A.grateful B.proudC.jealous D.glad答案B解析媽媽為自己的眼睛可以讓作者看到全新的世界而感到自豪，所以選B。55.A.something B.everythingC.nothing D.anything答案D解析媽媽從不曾因?yàn)樽髡咦龅娜魏问虑槎y過(guò)，因?yàn)樗偸歉嬖V自己“他很愛(ài)我”，所以選D。第三部分閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHalloweenisalmostuponusandpumpkinsarebeingcarved.Here’stheetiquettetofollowforajoyful，spookytime.Halloween，likeanyfestivalofgift-giving，isaminefieldofpossibleetiquettemishaps.Thisiswhyitistheonlyfestivalofgift-givingbetweenstrangers，andthegiftsarequiteminor.Ifyou’reachildDobefourorolderastheaimistokeepmoving，andanyyoungerandyou’llreallyslowthingsdown.StayathomewithyourmatesandwatchaHalloweenPeppaPiginstead.Don’ttakemorethanoneofanythingasyou’lllooklikeaglutton.Dosaythankyou，evenifanadulthasdonesomethingunconscionable，suchasmakingtheirownoatbiscuits.Dopretendtobefrightened，evenifitisclearlyyourfriend’smumdressedasanowl.Butifyouaremorethaneight，don’toverdoitbecauseshe’llknowyou’rehumouringherandthisisweirdlyhumiliating.Don’tknockonanydoorwithoutalitpumpkinoutsideit：thisisjustanormalstranger’shouse，andiftheyanswer，you’renotevenallowedtotalktothem，remember?Don’t，whenyouseeotherpeoplefromyourschoolwalkingintheoppositedirection，say，“HiJavaine，hiNoah.”Thiswillalertthemtothefactthattheyarerecognizableunderneaththeirspiderwebmask.Don’tmockthesweetdonor：ifyouareslightlytoooldtoenterintothespiritoftrickortreat，fakeit.Ifyou’reanadultDon’tholdoutthebowlsaying，“Justtakeone.”P(pán)olitechildrenwillknowtotakeoneandbeoffended，impolitechildrenaregoingtotakeloadsanyway，anditjustmakesyousoundtight.Don’t，don’t，don’t—thisisreallykey—leaveyourpumpkinlitifyou’verunoutofsweets.Don’tdoanythingtoofrightening，forinstance，openthedoorbuthaveafriendhidingbehindabushmakingnoiseslikeamurderer.Youwillknowit’stoofrighteningifchildrenarecryingbythetimetheyleave.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文介紹了萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的一些搗亂指南。)56.Whichofthefollowingisrecommended?A.Recognizingthosewithmasksandcallingthemout.B.LeavingyourpumpkinlitonHalloween.C.WatchingHalloweencartoonsifyou’re5.D.Pretendingtobemoderatelyfrightened.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ifyou’reachild標(biāo)題下的“Dopretendtobefrightened，evenifitisclearlyyourfriend’smumdressedasanowl.Butifyouaremorethaneight，don’toverdoit...”可知，一定要假裝害怕，但不要裝得太過(guò)火。故選項(xiàng)D符合題意。57.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mock”mean?A.Copy. B.Scareaway.C.Appreciate. D.Laughat.答案D解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)該畫(huà)線詞所在句“Don’tmockthesweetdonor：ifyouareslightlytoooldtoenterintothespiritoftrickortreating，fakeit.”可知，不要取笑善意的給予者：如果你年齡稍大，無(wú)法融入“不給糖就搗亂”的氛圍，那就假裝吧。故選項(xiàng)D符合題意。BWhenCarsonPalmer，aProBowlquarterback(職業(yè)杯四分衛(wèi))，hurthiselbowafewyearsago，hetookaweekofffromthrowingthefootball.Butinhishead，Palmerpracticedeveryday.“Youstandrightbehindthecenter，andyouseethecoverageunfoldasyouwouldifyouhadtheballinyourhands，”hetoldESPN.Thefollowingweekend，Palmerhadthebestgameofhiscareer.Formorethanacentury，scientistshavebeentryingtounderstandhowthismentaltrainingworks.Inthe1930s，researchersdemonstratedthatwhenyou’reimagininganaction，yourbrainsendssignalstoyourmusclesthataretooweaktomakethemusclescontractbutmighthelptrainthebodytoperform.Alternatively，mentalpracticemightcreateablueprintinyourhead，likeaninnerhow-toguideforaparticularskill.Sportspsychologistshaveconductedhundredsofstudiescomparingimaginedandphysicalpracticeforactionssuchasskiingandtapdancing.Overall，theresearchshowsthatmentaltrainingworks.A2012study，forexample，compared32amateurgolferswhopracticedhittinggolfballsintoholestoanother32whomerelyheldagolfclub(球棍)intheirhandsandvisualizedtheirswings.Underthesametrainingrules，bothgroupsimprovedtheirskillsbygettingtheballabout4inchesclosertothehole.Visualizationhasadvantagesovertherealthing：Youcandoitanywhere，evenwheninjured.It’ssafe—amajorplusforhigh-stakes(高風(fēng)險(xiǎn))performerssuchasgymnastsandsurgeons.Andyoucanpracticeforlongerperiodsoftimebecauseyou’renotrestrictedbyphysicalfatigue.That’snottosayit’seasy：“We’vehadOlympic-levelathletessittinginourlab，visualizingfortwohours，”saysTadhgMacIntyre，asportspsychologistattheUniversityofLimerickinIreland.“Whenwe’redone，they’reabsolutelyexhausted.”Itdoesn’tworkforeveryone，though.“Ifyou’reanovice，theimpactcanbenegative，”warnsMacIntyre.“Ifyou’retryingtovisualizeafreethrow，andyoudon’tevenknowhowtoholdtheballandthewaytomove，thenyou’reprobablygoingtomentallypracticethewrongskill，andyourskillwon’tbeimprovedbutbeweakened.”eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀文章主要介紹了精神鍛煉這個(gè)方法，并且提到了精神鍛煉的重要性和適用性等等。)58.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Athletescouldchoosementalpracticewhileinjured.B.Mentaltrainingcannotworkaswellasphysicalpractice.C.Theworkingprinciplesofmentaltrainingremaintobefound.D.Palmerspendsmuchtimepracticingfootballskillsinhisheadbeforethematch.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前三段可知，在頭腦中想象著進(jìn)行技能鍛煉是可以達(dá)到鍛煉目的的，所以，運(yùn)動(dòng)員們可以在受傷時(shí)選擇這種鍛煉方式。59.MacIntyre’sexperimentinParagraph4indicatesthatmentaltraining.A.canalsomakepeopletiredB.isnotrestrictedbylocationC.cansaveathletesfromgettinginjuredD.canlastforalongertimethanphysicalpractice答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“That’snottosayit’seasy：...‘Whenwe’redone，they’reabsolutelyexhausted.’”可知，在頭腦中想象著鍛煉一樣會(huì)使人感覺(jué)累。60.Theunderlinedphrase“anovice”inthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby“”.A.lackinginimaginationB.notinterestedintheactivityC.inexperiencedintheactivityD.unwillingtodotheimaginativework答案C解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“theimpactcanbenegative”和“Ifyou’retryingtovisualizeafreethrow，andyoudon’tevenknowhowtoholdtheballandthewaytomove...”可知，畫(huà)線部分意為“新手”。CFewthingsexercisegreensensibilitiesmorethesedaysthanmarineplasticlitter.Thedetrituslooksunsightlywhenitwashesuponbeaches，andcruelwhenitchokesphotogenicseacreatures.Scientistsestimatethatperhaps8mtonnesofplasticwasteenterstheoceaneachyear，dischargedbyriversorshedfromships.Plentystaysclosetoshore.Some，though，iscarriedbycurrentstomid-oceangyres.ThebiggestoftheseislocatedhalfwaybetweenCaliforniaandHawaii—andsolitteredwithflotsamthatithasbeennicknamedtheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.AstudypublishedlastMarchinScientificReportsbyLaurentLeBretonoftheOceanCleanup，aDutchcharity，andcolleagues，foundthatitcontainsbetween45,000and129,000tonnesofplasticdebrisspreadoveranarearoughlythesizeofAlaska.Theideaofsweepingitallupmightsoundfanciful.ToBoyanSlatitseemedmerelyambitious.Whatif，hewonderedin2012(thenaged18)，youcouldbuildamassivebow-shapedfloatingbarrier，anchorittotheseabedandletcurrentsshufflethelitterintothescoop?Despitehisyouthfulageandmadcapscheme，MrSlatsetuptheOceanCleanuptoputitintopractice.Sixyears,20meuros($23m)andseveralprototypeslater，thedevicesetsailfromSanFranciscoonSeptember8th，escortedbyaCoastGuardvessel，ashiploadofcameracrewsandaflotillaofcuriousboaters.System001，asthecontraptionhasbeenchristened，isahollowcylinder600meterslongand1.2metersindiameter，itselfmadeofplastic(polyethylene).Itwasmouldedtogetherintoaseamlesswholefrom12-metresegmentsatashipyardacrosstheSanFranciscoBayinOakland.Athree-meterdeepskirt(madeofsturdypolyester)danglesbeneaththeboomtopreventlitterfromescapingunderit；buoyantplastictendstofloatwithinameterofthewater’ssurface.ThedeviceisevensimplerthanMrSlat’soriginalidea，havingdispensedwiththeanchor.Instead，itreliesontheobservationthattheboom，whichisdrivenbythecurrentaswellasbywavesandwind，alwaysmovesfasterrelativetotheplastic，whichispropelledbythecurrentalone.Itthereforescoopsthelitterupasitdrifts.Astraightboomwillfirstbetowed250nauticalmilesoffthecoastofCaliforniaforafortnightoftests，beforeembarkingonathree-weekvoyagetoitsfinaldestination.ThereitwillbeturnedintoaU-shape，withitsendsfastenedinplaceusingmetallines，andsetadrift.Satellitetrackingandotherelectronicswillallowitsprogresstobemonitoredremotely.Lightbeaconswillalertthetwodozenshipswhichcrossthegyreeachweektoitspresence.Sometimenextyearanothervesselwillbedispatchedtofishoutthecollectedrubbish，whichthecharityhopestoselltorecyclers.IfSystem001succeeds，MrSlatwantstodeployanother60booms，measuring1kmormore.Corporatesponsorswouldfootthebillof5meurosapieceforconstructionandthreeyears’operation，MrSlathopes.Healreadyenjoysthebackingofdeep-pocketedendowmentsandoftycoonslikeMarcBenioff，founderofSalesforce，andPeterThiel，anotedinvestor.Thesystemcandolittleaboutplasticthathasfragmentedintomicroscopicparticles，butthesemakeupjust8%ofplasticinthegyre.MrLeBretonreckonsthatafleetofboomscould，by2040，sweepupvirtuallyallthenon-tinydetritus，butonlyifplasticleakageintotheseaisstanched.Ifitcontinuesunabated，theincomingdebriswouldoutweighthefleet’scapacitytoskimitwithinafewyears.Theocean’splasticproblemcannotreallybesolvedwithoutbetterwastemanagementonland.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文介紹了博揚(yáng)·斯拉特成立OceanCleanup，建造了名為System001的設(shè)備，對(duì)海洋塑料垃圾進(jìn)行打撈。61.Whichofthestatementsisfalseaccordingtothepassage?A.Plasticwastewashesuponbeaches，andchokesphotogenicseacreatures.B.8mtonnesofplasticwasteenterstheoceaneachyear，dischargedbyriversorshedfromships.C.Alargeamountofplasticinthegyrecannotbedealtwithbythesystem.D.TheGreatPacificGarbagePatchistroubledbythemarineplasticlitter.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thesystemcandolittleaboutplasticthathasfragmentedintomicroscopicparticles，butthesemakeupjust8%ofplasticinthegyre.”可知，該系統(tǒng)對(duì)僅占環(huán)流垃圾8%的已經(jīng)分解的微型顆粒塑料收效甚微，因此C項(xiàng)中的“大量顆粒塑料”表述錯(cuò)誤。故選項(xiàng)C符合題意。62.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“madcap”inParagraph3mean?A.Confident. B.Perfect.C.Crazy. D.Practical.答案C解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)該畫(huà)線詞所在句“Despitehisyouthfulageandmadcapscheme，MrSlatsetuptheOceanCleanuptoputitintopractice.”可知，madcap應(yīng)意為“瘋狂的”。故選項(xiàng)C符合題意。63.Howdoesthesystemwork?A.Buildamassivebow-shapedfloatingbarrier，anchorittotheseabedandletcurrentsshufflethelitterintothescoop.B.Scoopthelitterupanddispatchanothervesseltofishoutthecollectedrubbishthefollowingyear.C.Sweepupvirtuallyallthenon-tinydetritus.D.Makesureplasticleakageintotheseaisstanched.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Itthereforescoopsthelitterupasitdrifts.”及倒數(shù)第二段中的“Sometimenextyearanothervesselwillbedispatchedtofishoutthecollectedrubbish...”可知，該設(shè)備先將這些漂浮的垃圾撈上來(lái)，然后第二年派遣另一艘船前去撈出收集到的垃圾。故選項(xiàng)B符合題意。64.Whichwayistheauthorinfavoroftodealwiththeocean’splasticproblem?A.Makesureplasticleakageintotheseaisstanched.B.Managewasteonlandbetter.C.Fishoutthecollectedrubbishandsellittorecyclers.D.Buildamassivebow-shapedfloatingbarriertoshufflethelitterintothescoop.答案B解析推理判斷題。通讀全文內(nèi)容，尤其根據(jù)最后一段可知，雖然System001的設(shè)備可以對(duì)海洋塑料垃圾進(jìn)行有效的打撈，但是作者認(rèn)為只有更好地對(duì)陸地垃圾進(jìn)行管理，才能真正地解決海洋塑料垃圾問(wèn)題。故選項(xiàng)B符合題意。DEverypersonplanstorunofftosometropicalisle，butfewdo.Reallife，family，work，andmonetarylimitationsgetintheway.IanFlemingletnoneoftheseconsiderationsstophim.Afterthewar，F(xiàn)lemingsetdownhisschedule.ThefirstweekofJanuarysawhimleaveEnglandandtraveltoJamaica.ThefirstweekofMarchsawhisreturn.HeacceptedhisjobatKemsleynewspaperwithoutcompromise—thisportionoftheyearwouldbesetasideforJamaicaorhewouldlookelsewhereforemployment.For6yearsFlemingtraveledeachwintertoJamaica，lounginginparadise，romancingwomen，chasingthesunset，butitwasnotuntilhefacedthepressureofamarriedwomanwhowaspregnantwithhischilddidFlemingstartthewriter’sjourneywhichwouldchangehislifeandpopularcultureforever.AsFlemingwaitedinJamaicaforAnne’sdivorcetobecomefinal，hewrotethefirstdraftofanovel，CasinoRoyale.Fleming’scareerasawriterdeservesmoreexaminationthancanbeofferedhere，butsufficeittosay，overthenext12years，IanFlemingtransformedhiseliteexistence，hisarrogance，hisstyle，andhisacidwitintosomeofthegreatestthrillerseverwritten.FlemingincurredtherespectofauthorsasdiverseasRaymondChandler，KingsleyAmis，andEdithSitwell.HisfansincludedJohn，Jackie，andBobbyKennedy，andhissocialcircleincludedPrimeMinisterAnthonyEden，EvelynWaugh，andSomersetMaugham.Flemingfilledoutthe12yearsofBondwithgreatadventurejournalism.Eveninstorieswhichhadlittleactionorpayoff，suchashisshortnon-fictionbook，TheDiamondSmugglers，the“Fleming-flair”ensuredexcitingreading.Hewrotethe“Atticus”columnfortheSundayTimes，provingawonderfulconduitforinsideintelligenceinformation，andcleverrebukes(指責(zé)).Regardlessofbooksalesorfamilyobligations，F(xiàn)lemingmanagedtolivethelifehewanted.Astheyearspassed，hispassionforgolfingincreasedsohetookmoretimewithit.Fleming’slong-termfascinationwithAmericagrew，sohetraveledtheremoreoften.IanFleming’sfulllifecaughtupwithhimthroughhisheart.Itmaybethatyearsofdrinkingandsmokingtooktheirtoll，orthatthebutter-richcookingFleminglovedwastheculprit.Ormaybeitwasjustgenetics.Whateverthecause，F(xiàn)leming’shealthdeclinedinthelate1950s.ThisplusanxietiesinthemarriageincreasedFleming’sdepression.WiththesuccessofBond，theworldcameknockingatFleming’sdoor，andhehadahardertimeshuttingthoseoutthathedidnotwantinhislife.Nonetheless，F(xiàn)lemingfoughtthelosingbattleofhisweakeningheartbythrowingmorefuelonthefire.Hecontinuedtodrinkandsmoke，makingsomeexcusesbutnotmany.Hewrotebookshewantedtoread，andtraveledtheworldwithstyleandauthority.Bythistime，F(xiàn)leminghadalreadyearnedhisownfortune，createdhisownidentity，andruledhisownliteraryempire.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為一篇人物傳記。主要講述了塑造007人物的作家伊恩·弗萊明是如何走向?qū)懽髦返摹⑺膶?xiě)作特點(diǎn)及他的影響等。65.Accordingtothesecondparagraph，F(xiàn)lemingacceptedthejobofferedbyKemsleynewspaper.A.andhadtogiveuphisyearlyholidayplantoJamaicaB.becausehewasofferedtoworkinJamaicaeverywinterC.sothathewouldn’thavetolookforemploymentelsewhereD.onconditionthathetooktwomonthsofftoJamaicaeveryyear答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句可知，他會(huì)在牙買(mǎi)加呆兩個(gè)月，再根據(jù)“HeacceptedhisjobatKemsleynewspaperswithoutcompromise—thisportionoftheyearwouldbesetasideforJamaicaorhewouldlookelsewhereforemployment.”可知，他毫不妥協(xié)地接受了在肯斯利報(bào)業(yè)的工作，條件是他每年要到牙買(mǎi)加(度假)，否則他會(huì)去其他地方找工作。故選D。66.WhatledFlemingtofollowthepathofwriting?A.Hisdreamtobeawriter.B.Thepressurefromawoman.C.Hispotentialforliterature.D.Hisstateofhealth.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“butitwasnotuntilhefacedthepressureofamarriedwomanwhowaspregnantwithhischilddidFlemingstartthewriter’sjourney”可知，弗萊明走向?qū)懽髦穪?lái)自一位懷孕的婦女的壓力，故選B。67.Whenhebeganwriting，F(xiàn)lemingneverexpectedthat.A.hewouldchangepopularcultureB.hecouldgetoverthepressureC.AnnewouldhaveadivorceD.Annewouldkeephischild答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“...butitwasnotuntilhefacedthepressureofamarriedwomanwhowaspregnantwithhischilddidFlemingstartthewriter’sjourneywhichwouldchangehislifeandpopularcultureforever.”中的末尾的定語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)would表明定語(yǔ)從句中的內(nèi)容是發(fā)生在弗萊明開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作之后，而且他自己從未想過(guò)自己的作家之旅會(huì)改變他的一生和流行文化。故正確答案為A。68.Fleming’sthrillersreflectedhis.A.senseofpopularcultureB.relationshipwithAnneC.ownpersonalitiesD.lifeatJamaica答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，弗萊明的寫(xiě)作生涯值得更多的審視，但在接下來(lái)的12年里，伊恩·弗萊明把他的精英生活、他的傲慢、他的風(fēng)格和他尖刻的機(jī)智轉(zhuǎn)變成了一些有史以來(lái)最偉大的驚悚小說(shuō)。根據(jù)句中的“eliteexistence，arrogance，style，acid”等詞都與個(gè)性特點(diǎn)有關(guān)，表明了弗萊明在他的小說(shuō)中融進(jìn)了自己獨(dú)特的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)，故C項(xiàng)正確。69.Thefactthat“Flemingfilledoutthe12yearsofBondwithgreatadventurejournalism”showsthat.A.FlemingtookupjournalismwhenhefinishedBond’sadventuresB.FlemingputBondthroughmanythrillingadventuresC.FlemingdescribedBondasanadventurousjournalistD.FlemingexperiencedBond’sadventureswhenhewasajournalist答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Flemingfilledoutthe12yearsofBondwithgreatadventurejournalism.Eveninstorieswhichhadlittleactionorpayoff...ensuredexcitingreading.”可知，弗萊明用adventurejournalism(新聞式的歷險(xiǎn)故事)“充滿”了關(guān)于邦德的故事。故正確答案為B。70.Accordingtothepassage，F(xiàn)lemingdiedof.A.anunidentifiedreasonB.adiseaseoftheheartC.anunknownfamilydiseaseD.overdrinkingandsmoking答案B解析推理判斷題。第七段首句“IanFleming’sfulllifecaughtupwithhimthroughhisheart.”和最后一段首句“Nonetheless，F(xiàn)lemingfoughtthelosingbattleofhisweakeningheartbythrowingmorefuelonthefire”都提到了heart一詞，而最后一段首句中的“l(fā)osingbattleofhisweakeningheart”表明弗萊明無(wú)法戰(zhàn)勝他的心臟病。故選B。第四部分任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。Povertyhasnegativeeffectsthroughoutthelifeofachild.Achildgrowingupinpovertyhasalifeexpectancysevenyearslessthanonewhodoesn