籃球素材包含內(nèi)容

BasketPresentationEducationAboutBasketballWWW.JOZEMA.COMBasketballBasketballisahandballteamusuallyplayedbytwoteamsoffiveplayers.Theobjectiveistogettheballthroughahoopmountedhighuponabackboardateachend.Basketballisaverypopularsportworldwide,playedwitharound,orangeballthatbounces.Thegameisplayedbetweenmen'steamsorbetweenwomen'steams.BasketballhasbeenplayedintheSummerOlympicGamessince1936.Theshotclockrulestartedin1954.HistoryOfBasketballInearlyDecember1891,JamesNaismith,aCanadianphysicaleducationteacheratSpringfieldCollegeinSpringfield,Massachusettsinventedanindoorgamecalledbasketball.Heinventedthesporttokeephisstudentsfrombecomingboredduringthewinter.Naismithwrotethebasicrulesandthennailedapeachbasketontoa10-foottallpole.Unlikemodernbasketballhoops,thebottomofthepeach-basketwasstillthere,soafterapointwasscored,somebodyhadtogettheballoutofthebasketwithalongstick.Overtime,peoplemadeaholeatthebottomofthebasketsotheballcouldgothroughmoreeasily.RulesTheaimofbasketballistoscoremorepointsthantheotherteam,byshootingtheballinthebasket.Basketscanbeworth1,2,or3points.Yougetpointsbyshootingtheballintotheopponents'basket.Theteamwiththemostpointsattheendofthegamewins.WWW.JOZEMA.COMEquipmentThecourt,wherethegameisplayed,isarectangleshape,andatbothendlinesthereisagoalcalleda"hoop"intheshapeofacirclebasketwiththebottomcutout.Thingsarerequiredineachgameofbasketball:BasketballBasketballCourtBasketballHoopTeamsBasketballisplayedwithtwoteams,with5playersfromeachteamonthecourtatonetime.Themaximumnumberofplayersonthebenchdiffersbyleague.Ininternationalplay,amaximumof7playersareallowedonthebench,resultinginarosterof12players.TheNBAhas13-playerrosters,collegeandhighschoolteamshave15-playerrosters.Whenaplayerwantstosubstituteforanotherplayeronthecourttheyletthescorebenchknow.Therefereeswillsignalfortheplayerwaitingtocomeintothecourt.Theplayerthatwentintothegameisnowplayingandtheplayerthatwasplayingissittingonthebench.PlayingRegulationsAgameofbasketballismadeupoffourquarters,eachtenminuteslong.Atthestartofeverygametherefereethrowsthebasketballupintheair,andoneplayerfromeachteamtriestohitittotheirteammates,thatiscalleda"jumpball."Atthestartofeachquartertheteamwhohasthepossessionarrowpointingtowardstheirhoopgetstheball.Afterfourquarters,theteamwhoscoresthemostpointswins.Ifthetwoteamsscorethesamenumberofpoints,thereisafive-minute"overtime"toseewhocanscoremorepoints.Whileplayingthegame,playersononeteamtrytostopplayersontheotherteamfromscoring.Eachnormalscoreisworthtwopoints;however,ifaplayerthrowstheballintothehoopfrombehindthelargearcedlineonthecourt,calledthe"3-pointline,"thescoreisworththreepoints.Ifyoudosomethingillegalinthegame,itiscalleda"foul."Ifyoufoulsomeoneontheotherteamwhileheisshootingthebasketball,theplayerwhowasfouledgetstoshoot"freethrows"fromthe"foulline”.Afreethrowisashotthatnooneisallowedtotrytoblock.Eachsuccessfulfreethrowisworthonepoint.PlayingRegulationsIfyoufoulaplayerwhoisnotshooting,theotherteamgetstheball,andcanthrowitinboundsfromthesideline.Playerscandothreethingswiththeball,dribbletheball,passtheballtoateammate,orshoottheballatthehoop.Theplayerwiththeballtriestokeeptheballandnotlettheotherteamgetit.Onceaplayercommitsfivefouls,heisnolongerallowedtoplayinthegame,andaplayeronthebenchmustgointhegameimmediately.Areverysimple!WhatIsNBA?TheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)istheworld'stopmen'sprofessionalbasketballleague.ItisoneofthemajorprofessionalsportsleaguesofNorthAmerica.TheNBAisoneofthe4majorNorthAmericanprofessionalsportsleagues.NBAplayersaretheworld'sbestpaidathletes.Thereare30teams,29areintheUnitedStatesand1isinCanada.Theyhavethehighestaverageannualsalary.RefereeArefereeisthepersonofauthorityinavarietyofsportswhoisresponsibleforpresidingoverthegamefromaneutralpointofviewandmakingon-the-flydecisionsthatenforcetherulesofthesport,includingsportsmanshipdecisionssuchasejection.OfficialsDefinitionInagameofbasketballthereareanumberofpeoplewhoarenotfromeitherteam,thataretheretohelp.Theyarecalledofficials.Officialsareveryimportantbecausewithoutthemthegamewouldnotrunasefficiently.UmpireThereareeitheroneortwoumpiresinagameofbasketball.Itistheumpires'jobtomakethegamemorefairbyenforcingtherulesofthegame.Theumpirestakeintoconsiderationthespiritandintentoftheplayerbeforemakinganycall.IntheNBAandWNBA,theterm"umpire"isnotused;thepersonwhohasthisroleiscalledthereferee.TimeKeeperThereisonetimekeeperwhosejobistokeeptrackofthetimeandtotelltheumpireswhentimeforeachquarterhasrunout.Heisalsoincontrolofaddingthescoresontothescoreboard.ScorekeeperThereisonescorekeeperwhosejobistokeeptrackofandrecordallpointsscored,shotsattempted,foulsmadeandtimeoutscalled.WWW.JOZEMA.COMAssistantScorekeeperThereisoneassistantscorekeeperinagameofbasketball.Hisjobistoassistthescorekeeper,bytellinghimtheplayerswhoscorepoints,andtoholdupanumberforeachfoulcalled,showingeveryonethenumberoffoulsthespecifiedplayerhasforthegame.WWW.JOZEMA.COMTimeForBreakShotClockOperatorThereisoneshotclockoperatorandhisjobistokeepresettingandholdingthedevicewhenneededortoldtobyanumpire.Thispersonneedstohavegoodreflexesandquickness,ashehastoquicklyresetthetimerwhenthegameresumes.FreeThrowFreethrowisabasketballthrowfromthefree-throwlinefromeitherpersonal,technical,unsportsmanlikeordisqualifyingfouls.Eachfree-throwmadeisworthonepoint.FieldGoalFieldgoalisanymadeshotinnormalplay.Fieldgoalsareworth2points,unlesstheshooterwasoutsidethethree-pointline,inwhichcaseitisworth3points.WWW.JOZEMA.COMPersonalFoulPersonalfoulisanycontact,committedbyaplayeroftheotherteam,thought,bytheumpires,tohavecausedadisadvantage.TechnicalFoulTechnicalfoulisaviolationofcertainbasketballrules.Theyincludefightingor,enteringthecourtwhenitisnotasubstitutiontime,beingawayfromthecourttogainanadvantage,havingtoomanyplayersonthecourt,refusingtositonthebench,returningtoplaywhenaplayerisdisqualified,yellingorswearingatanotherplayeroranofficial.AssistAssististopassateammatetheball,whichthentheteammateimmediatelyshootsintothebasketballringsuccessfully.2-3dribblesareallowedaftercatchingtheballforassisttobecounted.DoubleDribbleDoubledribbleiswhenaplayerdribblestheballandpicksitupandthendribblesitagainwithouthavingshotorpassedit.Dribblingtheballwithtwohandsisalsoadoubledribble.Ifaplayerdoubledribbles,theballisautomaticallygiventotheotherteam.WhatIsShotClock?Shotclockisaclockdesignedtolimitthetimeateamhastoshootabasketball.Theshotclockisdifferentindifferentleagues,butitisusuallybetween24secondsand35seconds.Aftertimerunsout,theballisautomaticallygiventotheopposingteamunlesstheyshot,beforetheclockrunsout,andhittherimortheballentersthebasket.BackcourtViolationBackcourtviolationiswhenaplayercrossesthehalf-courtlineandwalksbackwardsoverthelinewhileinpossessionoftheball,orpassestoanotherplayerwhoisbehindthehalf-courtline.Notethatthisruledoesnotapplyifadefensiveplayertapstheball,anditgoesbeyondthehalf-courtline,andtheoffensiveplayerretrievesitinthe"backcourt".WWW.JOZEMA.COMPowerForwardTheyareusuallythestrongestplayeroftheteam.Theirjobistoreceivereboundsfromunderthebasketandscoreintheopposingteam’sbasket.04CenterTheyscoreclosetothebasket,reboundandblockshotsonthedefensiveend.Theyalsostartthegameinthetipoff.05SmallForwardTheyaretheteam'smostversatileplayer,doingeverythingfromreboundingandassistingtoscoring.03ShootingGuardShootingguardsgenerallyarealittlebittallerandslowerthanpointguards.Theyhavetomakegoodshotsfromfardistances.02PointGuardTheyhavetotakethe