2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：核心詞匯復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案

2025屆高考核心詞匯復(fù)習(xí)（知識(shí)清單+練習(xí)）一、單詞詳解1.chain[t?e?n]（1）詞性:名詞（2）中文釋義:鏈條，一連串（3）例句:Thecompanyhasachainofstoresacrossthecountry.(這家公司在全國各地都設(shè)有連鎖店。)（4）同義詞:series,sequence,succession（5）搭配:achainofevents(一連串事件)foodchain(食物鏈)supplychain(供應(yīng)鏈)（6）拓展詞組:chainreaction(連鎖反應(yīng))chainsmoker(連續(xù)抽煙的人)inchains(被囚禁)（7）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥:注意不要與"change"（改變）混淆。（8）近似詞辨析:chain指由一系列環(huán)狀物連接而成的鏈條。change指改變，變化。2.chairman['t?e?m?n]（1）詞性:名詞（2）中文釋義:主席（3）例句:Thechairmanannouncedthemeetingopen.(主席宣布會(huì)議開始。)（4）同義詞:chairperson,president,head（5）搭配:chairmanoftheboard(董事長)vicechairman(副主席)（6）拓展詞組:takethechair(擔(dān)任主席)addressthechair(向主席發(fā)言)（7）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥:注意區(qū)分chairman和chairwoman的區(qū)別,前者可以指男性或女性，而后者專指女性。chairperson是一個(gè)更中性的詞，可以指任何性別的主席。3.chalk[t???k]（1）詞性:名詞（2）中文釋義:粉筆（3）例句:Theteacherwroteontheblackboardwithapieceofchalk.(老師用粉筆在黑板上寫字。)（4）搭配:astickofchalk(一支粉筆)colouredchalk(彩色粉筆)chalkdust(粉筆灰)（5）拓展詞組:asdifferentaschalkandcheese(截然不同)（6）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥:注意與"choke"（窒息）區(qū)分。4.challenge['t??l?n?]（1）詞性:名詞:挑戰(zhàn)動(dòng)詞:向...挑戰(zhàn)（2）中文釋義:挑戰(zhàn)，向…挑戰(zhàn)（3）例句:Hefacesthechallengeofrebuildingtheteam.(他面臨著重建團(tuán)隊(duì)的挑戰(zhàn)。)Ichallengeyoutoagameofchess.(我向你挑戰(zhàn)下棋。)（4）同義詞:(n.)test,dare,(v.)defy,question（5）反義詞:(n.)opportunity（6）搭配:faceachallenge(面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn))aseriouschallenge(嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn))（7）拓展詞組:challengesbtosth(向某人挑戰(zhàn)某事)risetothechallenge(迎接挑戰(zhàn))5.change[t?e?n?]（1）詞性:動(dòng)詞:改變名詞:改變（2）中文釋義:改變（3）例句:Thecompanyhaschangeditsname.(這家公司改名了。)Therehasbeenachangeinplans.(計(jì)劃有變。)（4）同義詞:(v.)alter,modify,transform,(n.)alteration,modification（5）反義詞:(v.)remain,stay（6）搭配:changeone'smind(改變主意)achangeofscenery(換個(gè)環(huán)境)makeachange(做改變)（6）拓展詞組:changeforthebetter/worse(變好/變壞)（7）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥:注意動(dòng)詞形式的過去式和過去分詞是不規(guī)則變化:changed,changed。6.channel['t??nl]（1）詞性:名詞（2）中文釋義:頻道，海峽（3）例句:What'syourfavoriteTVchannel?(你最喜歡的電視頻道是什么？)TheEnglishChannelseparatesEnglandandFrance.(英吉利海峽把英國和法國隔開。)（4）同義詞:(頻道)station,network（5）搭配:televisionchannel(電視頻道)newschannel(新聞?lì)l道)switchchannels(換頻道)7.chapter['t??pt?]（1）詞性:名詞（2）中文釋義:章，回（3）例句:Thenovelhas20chapters.(這本小說有20章。)（4）同義詞:section,part,episode（5）搭配:thenextchapter(下一章)anewchapterinone'slife(人生的新篇章)8.character['k?r?kt?]（1）詞性:名詞（2）中文釋義:性格，人物（3）例句:Heisamanofgoodcharacter.(他是一個(gè)品行端正的人。)Sheplayedthemaincharacterintheplay.(她在劇中扮演主角。)（4）同義詞:(性格)personality,nature,(人物)figure,role（5）搭配:strongcharacter(堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的性格)fictionalcharacter(虛構(gòu)的人物)（6）拓展詞組:outofcharacter(不符合性格)9.charge①[t?ɑ??]（1）詞性:名詞（2）中文釋義:價(jià)格，費(fèi)用（3）例句:Thereisnochargeforparking.(停車免費(fèi)。)What'sthechargeforasingleroom?(單人房多少錢？)（4）同義詞:price,cost,fee,fare（5）搭配:asmallcharge(少量的費(fèi)用)inchargeof(負(fù)責(zé))freeofcharge(免費(fèi))（6）拓展詞組:takecharge(負(fù)責(zé))（7）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥:注意"charge"作為名詞時(shí)有多種含義，要根據(jù)上下文判斷。注意區(qū)分"inchargeof"(負(fù)責(zé))和"inthechargeof"(由...負(fù)責(zé))。10.charge②[t?ɑ??]（1）詞性:動(dòng)詞（2）中文釋義:索價(jià)，控告（3）例句:Howmuchdoyouchargeforahaircut?(理發(fā)多少錢？)Hewaschargedwiththeft.(他被指控盜竊。)（4）同義詞:(索價(jià))ask,bill,(控告)accuse（5）搭配:chargesbforsth(因某事向某人收費(fèi))chargesbwithsth(指控某人某事)（6）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥:"charge"后面接控告的罪名時(shí)要用介詞"with"。11.chart[t?ɑ?t]（1）詞性:名詞（2）中文釋義:圖表（3）例句:Thechartshowsthecompany'sprofitsoverthepastyear.(圖表顯示了公司過去一年的利潤。)（4）同義詞:graph,diagram,table（5）搭配:abarchart(條形圖)apiechart(餅狀圖)aflowchart(流程圖)12.chat[t??t]（1）詞性:名詞:聊天動(dòng)詞:聊天（2）中文釋義:聊天（3）例句:Wehadalongchataboutthegoodolddays.(我們聊了很久以前的美好時(shí)光。)Wechattedforhoursonthephone.(我們打了幾個(gè)小時(shí)的電話。)（4）同義詞:(n.)conversation,talk(v.)talk,converse（5）搭配:haveachatwith(與...聊天)onlinechat(在線聊天)13.cheat[t?i?t]（1）詞性:動(dòng)詞:欺騙動(dòng)詞:作弊（2）中文釋義:欺騙，作弊（3）例句:Hecheatedontheexam.(他考試作弊。)Shecheatedhimoutofhislifesavings.(她騙走了他所有的積蓄。)（4）同義詞:deceive,trick（5）搭配:cheaton(對(duì)…不忠)cheatat(作弊)14.check[t?ek]（1）詞性:動(dòng)詞:檢查，核對(duì)名詞:檢查，核對(duì)（2）中文釋義:檢查，核對(duì)（3）例句:Ineedtocheckmyemail.(我需要查看我的電子郵件。)CanIhavethecheck,please?(請(qǐng)結(jié)賬。)（4）同義詞:(v.)examine,verify,(n.)inspection,examination（5）搭配:checkin(登記入住)checkout(結(jié)賬離開)checkupon(查看)15.cheer[t???]（1）詞性:動(dòng)詞:使振奮動(dòng)詞:向…歡呼動(dòng)詞:歡呼（2）中文釋義:使振奮，向…歡呼，歡呼（3）例句:Thegoodnewscheeredherup.(好消息讓她高興起來。)Thecrowdcheeredastheplayersranontothefield.(球員跑上球場時(shí)，觀眾們歡呼起來。)（4）同義詞:(使振奮)encourage,comfort,(歡呼)applaud（5）搭配:cheersbup(使某人高興起來)（6）拓展詞組:Cheers!(干杯!)16.chemistry['kem?stri]（1）詞性:名詞（2）中文釋義:化學(xué)（3）例句:Shestudiedchemistryincollege.(她在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)。)（4）搭配:organicchemistry(有機(jī)化學(xué))inorganicchemistry(無機(jī)化學(xué))physicalchemistry(物理化學(xué))17.chest[t?est]（1）詞性:名詞（2）中文釋義:胸，胸膛（3）例句:Hefeltasharppaininhischest.(他感到胸口一陣劇痛。)（4）同義詞:thorax（5）搭配:chestpain(胸痛)ahairychest(毛茸茸的胸部)（6）拓展詞組:getsthoffone'schest(說出心里話，吐露心事)treasurechest(寶箱)二、練習(xí)（一）語法填空Wearingahelmetwhileridingabicycleisimportanttopreventheadinjuriesincaseofafall.It'slikehavingaprotective______aroundyourskull.Theweatherforecast_______usabouttheapproachingtyphoon,urgingresidentstotakenecessaryprecautions.Teachersoftenusecolorful_______onblackboardstomaketheirlessonsmorevisuallyappealingandengagingforstudents.Learninganewlanguagecanbequitea______atfirst,butwithperseveranceandpractice,itbecomeseasierovertime.Theinventionoftheinternethasbroughtaboutsignificant_______inthewaypeoplecommunicateandaccessinformation.Televisionnews_______oftenhavereportersstationedinvariouspartsoftheworldtoprovidelivecoverageofimportantevents.Thefirst______ofanoveloftenintroducesthemaincharactersandsetsthestageforthestory'splot.The_______youplayinaplayorafilmistherolethatyouareportrayingasanactor,andit'sessentialtoembodythetraitsandmotivationsofthatcharacterconvincingly.Entrancetothemuseumisfreeof______onSundays,encouragingmorepeopletovisitandappreciatetheexhibits.Thepolice______thesuspectwithrobberyandassault,leadingtoatrialtodeterminehisguiltorinnocence.Thesalesdepartmentusesvarious______,suchasbargraphsandpiecharts,tovisuallyrepresentdataandtrendstotheirclients.Ihadapleasant______withmynewneighbor,duringwhichwetalkedaboutourfamiliesandinterests.Onlinegamingplatformshavemeasuresinplacetodetectandpreventplayersfromusingexploitsorhacksto______.Beforetraveling,it'salwaysadvisableto______yourpassport'svaliditytoavoidanyissuesatimmigration.Thecrowd_______wildlyasthehometeamscoredalast-minutewinninggoal,fillingthestadiumwithanelectrifyingatmosphereofexcitement.______isabranchofsciencethatexploresthepropertiesandinteractionsofmatter,ofteninvolvingexperimentswithvarioussubstances.Hetookadeepbreath,fillinghis_______withair,beforedivingintotheswimmingpool.（二）單句改錯(cuò)Theoldmanworeastrawhattoprotecthimfromthesun.Passengersontheplanewerewarningaboutturbulenceduringtheflight.Childrenlovetousedifferentcolorchalkstodrawandcoloronpavementsandsidewalks.Participatinginamarathonraceischallenging,requiringalotofphysicalandmentalendurance.Despitefacingnumerouschallengesinhislife,heneverlosthopeorstoppedbelievinginhisdreams.Newschannelbroadcastavarietyofprograms,includingnews,documentaries,andtalkshows.Asachild,Ilovedreadingadventurebooks,andIwouldoftenimaginemyselfastheheroineverychapterIfinished.Inliterature,it'scommontoencountercharacterswithcomplexpersonalitiesandmotivations.Therestaurantchargedusextraforthebottleofwater,whichseemedabitunreasonable.Hewaschargedforstealingfromthesupermarketandhadtoappearincourt.Weatherchartscanhelppredictfutureweatherpatternsbyanalyzingatmosphericconditions.Onlinechatsplatformsprovidespacesforpeopletointeractvirtuallyandshareideas.Studentswhocheatonexamsnotonlyunderminetheirowneducationbutalsodisrespectthevalueofacademicintegrity.Afterwritinganessay,it'scrucialtocarefullycheckingforanyspellingorgrammarmistakes.Theheartwarmingstoryoftherescueddogcheeringeveryoneup,restoringourfaithinhumanity.Basicunderstandingofchemistriesisessentialforcomprehendingmanybiologicalprocessesandnaturalphenomena.Sheclutchedherchest,herheartpounding,asshewitnessedthecaraccidentunfoldbeforehereyes.（三）選詞填空chain,chairman,chalk,challenge,change,channel,chapter,character,charge,charge,chart,chat,cheat,check,cheer,chemistry,chestHealwayskeptadictionaryonhisdeskto________thespellingofwordshewasunsureof.Winningthenationalchampionshipwasnoeasyfeat;itrequiredatremendousamountofteamworkanddedicationtoovercomeevery_______theyencounteredthroughoutthetournament.Globalwarmingandclimate________aresignificantconcernsthatrequirecollectiveactionfromnationsworldwidetomitigatetheireffects.Thecompany'sCEO,actingasthe_______oftheboard,presidedoverthemeetingandguidedthediscussiononstrategicplanningforthenextquarter.Heboughtasmallnotebooktokeeptrackofhisexpensesand_______everythinghepurchasedthroughoutthemonth.Thechildrenusedcolored_______todrawhopscotchgridsontheplayground.Communicationiskeyinanyrelationship;makeaneffortto______withyourpartneraboutyourfeelingsandconcernsopenlyandhonestly.Please________yourbagscarefullytoensureyouhaven'tleftanybelongingsbehindbeforeleavingthetrain.Theydecidedtoendtheirbusinesspartnership,realizingitwastimefora_______topursuedifferentopportunities.Aftertheearthquake,rescuersworkedtirelesslytoremovetherubbleanddebris,hopingtofindsurvivorstrappedbeneath.Theentirecommunityunitedtosupporteachotherthroughthischallenging_______intheirlives.Despitethelanguagebarrier,theymanagedtocommunicatethroughgesturesandfacialexpressions,theirsharedlaughterbridgingthegapwherewordsfailed.Itjustgoestoshowthathumorcan_______peopleupeveninthemostunexpectedcircumstances.Heaccidentallystumbleduponahidden_______inthelibrarycontainingancientmapsandhistoricalartifacts,makinghimfeellikeanexplorerdiscoveringtreasuresfromabygoneera.Buildingastrongfoundationoftrustandhonestyiscrucialforanyrelationship.________canseverelydamagethebondbetweenindividuals.Theysailedtheirboatdownthenarrow_______,surroundedbytoweringcliffscoveredinlushgreenery.Thedevelopmentoftheinternethassignificantlyalteredthemedialandscape,creatingawidearrayofdigital______andplatformsforconsumingnewsandentertainment.Herdreamistobecomeamarinebiologistandstudythefascinatingcreaturesthatinhabittheworld'soceans,combiningherloveforbiologyand______withherpassionforthesea.Afteralongday,shesankintoacomfortablearmchair,relievedtofinallygettheday'sworriesoffher______andrelax.（四）將下列句子翻譯成英語這條項(xiàng)鏈?zhǔn)怯山疸y制成的。（chain）我們的班長工作勤奮，學(xué)習(xí)努力。（chairman）這位老師用彩色粉筆在黑板上畫了一幅美麗的圖畫。（chalk）攀登珠穆朗瑪峰是一項(xiàng)艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)。(challenge)這些年來，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。（change）請(qǐng)把電視調(diào)到體育頻道，我想看足球比賽。（channel）我喜歡這本書的第一章，因?yàn)樗浅＞省?chapter)她是一個(gè)性格開朗活潑的女孩，有很多朋友。（character）這家酒店的收費(fèi)很貴，但服務(wù)很好。（charge）他被指控犯有盜竊罪，目前正在接受警方的調(diào)查。(charge)這張圖表顯示了過去五年來該公司的利潤增長情況。(chart)昨天我和我的朋友聊天聊到很晚。(chat)在考試中作弊是不誠實(shí)的行為。(cheat)在你離開房間之前，請(qǐng)檢查一下是否關(guān)了所有的燈。(check)聽到這個(gè)好消息，我們都很高興。（cheer）我對(duì)化學(xué)很感興趣，因?yàn)樗芙忉尯芏嘧匀滑F(xiàn)象。(chemistry)他的胸部受傷很嚴(yán)重，需要立即進(jìn)行手術(shù)。（chest）（五）閱讀Passage1Theannualschoolcharityauctionwasalwaysahighlyanticipatedevent.Thisyear,thebuzzaroundtheeventwasevengreaterthanusual.Thestudentcouncil,ledbytheircharismaticchairman,decidedtoshakethingsup.Insteadofthetypicalauctionofdonateditems,theyannounceda"SkillsandTalentsChallenge."Studentsandteachersalikewereencouragedtocharttheiruniqueskillsandofferthemupforbidding.Thechalkboardinthecafeteria,usuallyfilledwithlunchmenus,wasnowoverflowingwithintriguingoffers.Mrs.Thompson,thebelovedEnglishteacher,wasauctioningoffanafternoonteapartywhereshewoulddiscussclassicliterature.Thecaptainofthefootballteamofferedaone-on-onetrainingsession.Eventheshyeststudent,Emily,surprisedeveryonebyofferingtosketchapersonalizedportrait.Theresponsewasphenomenal.Theeventwaspacked,withstudentsandteacherseagerlybiddingontheirchosen