山東石油化工學(xué)院《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》2018-2019學(xué)年期末考試試卷

PartⅠListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillread:A)Attheoffice.B)Inthewaitingroom.C)Attheairport.D)Inarestaurant.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisconversationismostlikelytohavetakenplaceattheoffice.Therefore,A)“Attheoffice”isthebestanswer.YoushouldchooseA)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer［A］［B］［C］［D］1.A)Thefourthfloor.B)Thefifthfloor.C)Thesixthfloor.D)Theseventhfloor.2.A)Johnboughtacheapcomputer.B)JohnboughtMorrisacomputer.C)MorrisboughtacomputerfromJohn.D)Morrisboughtanewcomputer.3.A)RecognizeJanefirst.B)Tellthewomanwhy.C)Goonadiet.D)Feelatease.4.A)Thewhiteone.B)Thebrickone.C)Theprettierone.D)Thebetterone.5.A)Thesummerthisyearisterriblyhot.B)Lastsummerwasevenhotter.C)Hotweatherhelpsloseweight.D)Lightwasstrongerthismorning.6.A)Nooneonthebuswasinjured.B)Everyoneonthebuswasinjured.C)Onlyonestudentonthebuswasinjured.D)Morethanonestudentonthebuswasinjured.7.A)Drawingsomemoney.B)Openingadepositaccount.C)Savingmuchmoney.D)Puttingmoneyinthebank.8.A)Theyhavetoolittlepatience.B)Theyarenotstrictwithstudents.C)Theyareveryhardonstudents.D)Theyaremorehardworkingthanbefore.9.A)Thewomanisveryworried.B)Themandoesn’tlikethinking.C)Themanhasdonesomethingwrong.D)Thewomancandonothingfortheman.10.A)Becausethewaistwasabittootight.B)Becausetherewasn’tanyofhersize.C)Becauseshedidn’tlookgoodinthedress.D)Becausethestylewasnotwhatsheliked.SectionBCompoundDictation注意：聽力理解的B節(jié)（SectionB）為復(fù)合式聽寫（CompoundDictation題目在試卷二上?，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)取出試卷二。Asupermarketclubcardisanewwayforpeopletosavemoneyonitemstheybuy.Peopleusedtocutoutcoupons(贈(zèng)券)to(S1)savemoney.Nowtheyuseacardthatlookslikea(S2)creditcardwhentheypayforitems.Onlypeoplewithcardscangetthe(S3)lowerprice.Togetacard,peoplemustgiveouttheirname,address,andother(S4)personalinformation.Everythingclubcard-usersbuyis(S5)storedonacomputerinafilewiththeirnameonit.Inthecoupondays,noonekept(S6)trackofthethingspeoplebought.Now,computersallowhuge(S7)amountsofinformationtobesaved.Inordertosavemoneywiththecards,peoplecouldloseprivacy.Sofar,theinformation,ordata,isprivate.Butthatcouldchange.Therearemanycompanieswhomightbeinterestedinknowingwhatpeoplebuy.Forinstance,(S8)aninsurancecompanymightwanttoknowiftheirclientsbuyhealthyfood,orifpeoplebuyalotofmedicinefromthestore.ACaliforniaSenator,DebraBowen,wantstomakesuretherearelawstoprotectdatakeptoncomputers.Shesays,“(S9)Thelawsthatgovernprivacyreallyhaven’tcaughtupwithtechnology.”Storesthatuseclubcardshavepromisedtokeeptheinformationprivate.(S10)Somepeopleareafraidthestoresmightchangetheirmindsifcompaniesofferedenoughmoney.Somepeoplesaytheinformationisworthasmuchastreasure.PartⅡReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thepredictabilityofourmortalityratesissomethingthathaslongpuzzledsocialscientists.Afterall,thereisnonaturalreasonwhy2,500peopleshouldaccidentallyshootthemselveseachyearorwhy7,000shoulddrownor55,000dieintheircars.Nooneestablishesaquotaforeachtypeofdeath.Itjusthappensthattheyfollowaconsistentpatternyearafteryear.AfewyearsagoaCanadianpsychologistnamedGeraldWildebecameinterestedinthisphenomenon.HenoticedthatmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeathsthroughouttheWesternworldhaveremainedoddlystaticthroughoutthewholeofthecentury,despiteallthetechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandardsthathavehappenedinthattime.Wildedevelopedanintriguingtheorycalled“riskhomeostasis”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleinstinctivelylivewithacertainlevelofrisk.Whensomethingismadesafer,peoplewillgetaroundthemeasureinsomewaytoreasserttheoriginallevelofdanger.If,forinstance,theyarerequiredtowearseatbelts,theywillfeelsaferandthuswilldrivealittlefasterandalittlemorerecklessly,therebystatisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltconfers.Otherstudieshaveshownthatwhereanintersectionismadesafer,theaccidentrateinvariablyfallstherebutrisestoacompensatinglevelelsewherealongthesamestretchofroad.Itappears,then,thatwehaveaninnateneedfordanger.Inallevents,itisbecomingclearerandclearertoscientiststhatthefactorsinfluencingourlifespanarefarmoresubtleandcomplexthanhadbeenpreviouslythought.Itnowappearsthatifyouwishtolivealonglife,itisn’tsimplyamatterofadheringtocertainprecautions…eatingtherightfoods,notsmoking,drivingwithcare.Youmustalsohavetherightattitude.ScientistsattheDukeUniversityMedicalCentermadea15-yearstudyof500personspersonalitiesandfound,somewhattotheirsurprise,thatpeoplewithasuspiciousormistrustfulnaturedieprematurelyfarmoreoftenthanpeoplewithasunnydisposition.Lookingonthebrightside,itseems,canaddyearstoyourlifespan.11.Whatsocialscientistshavelongfeltpuzzledaboutiswhy.A)themortalityratecannotbepredictedB)thedeathtollremainedstableyearafteryearC)aquotaforeachtypeofdeathhasnotcomeintobeingD)peoplelosttheirliveseveryyearforthisorthatreason12.Inhisresearch,GeraldWildefindsthattechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandards.A)havehelpedsolvetheproblemofsohighdeathrateB)haveoddlyaccountedformortalityratesinthepastcenturyC)havereducedmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeathsD)haveachievednoeffectinbringingdownthenumberofdeaths13.Accordingtothetheoryof“riskhomeostasis”,sometrafficaccidentsresultfrom.A)ourinnatedesireforriskB)ourfastandrecklessdrivingC)ourignoranceofseatbeltbenefitsD)ourinstinctiveinterestinspeeding14.Bysaying“…statisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltconfers”(Para.2),theauthormeans.A)wearingseatbeltsdoesnothaveanybenefitsfromthestatisticpointofviewB)deathsfromwearingseatbeltsarethesameasthosefromnotwearingthemC)deathsfromotherreasonscounterbalancethebenefitsofwearingseatbeltsD)wearingseatbeltsdoesnotnecessarilyreducedeathsfromtrafficaccidents15.Whichofthefollowingmaycontributetoalongerlifespan?A)ShowingadequatetrustinsteadofsuspicionofothersB)EatingthefoodlowinfatanddrivingwithgreatcareC)CultivatinganoptimisticpersonalityandneverlosingheartD)LookingonthebrightsideanddevelopingabalancedlevelofriskPassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.InCaliforniatheregulators,theutilitiesandthegovernorallwanttheFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommissiontocapspot(現(xiàn)貨的)marketprices.TheCaliforniansclaimitwillreininoutrageousprices.Federalregulatorshaverefused.Thebattleison.GovernorGrayDavissays,“I’mnothappywiththeFederalRegulatoryCommissionatall.They’relivinginanivorytower.IftheirbillsweregoinguplikethepeopleinSanDiego,theywouldknowthatthisisarealproblemintherealworld.”Aspartofderegulation,pricecapswereremovedtoallowforafreemarket.Timingiseverything;naturalgaspriceshadalreadyskyrocketed.DemandwashighfromCalifornia’sboomingeconomy.Nonewpowerplantshadbeenbuilthereintenyears,andpowerproducershadtherighttohikepricesalongwithdemand.Andhikethemtheydid.LorettaLynchofthePublicUtilitiesCommissionsays,”ThiscommissionandallofCaliforniawasbeatingdownthedooroffederalregulatorstosay‘helpusimposereasonablepricecapstohelptokeepourmarketstable.”Federalregulatorsdidaskforlonger-termcontractsbetweenpowerproducersandtheutilitiestostabilizeprices.Thefederalcommission,unavailableforcommentonthisstory,releasedarecentstatementdefendingitspositionnottore-regulate.FederalEnergyRegulatoryCommissionDec.15,2000:“Thecommissionsintentionistoenablethemarketstocatchuptocurrentsupplyanddemandproblemsandnottoreintroducecommandandcontrolregulationthathashelpedtoproducethecurrentcrisis.”Someenergyexpertsbelievethat,withouttemporarypricecaps,thecrisiswillcontinue.SeverinBorensteinoftheU.C.EnergyInstitutesays,“SomefederalregulatorshaveablindcommitmenttomakingthemarketworkandIthinkpartoftheproblemistheyreallydontunderstandwhatsgoing”on.GaryAckermanoftheWesternPowerTradingForumsays,“He’sdeadwrongaboutthat.Thefederalregulatorsunderstandfarbetterthananyindividualstatethat,thoughitmightbepainfulanditcertainlyispainfulinCalifornia,pricecapsdon’twork.Theyneverwork.”16.ThebattlebetweenCaliforniansandfederalregulatorsisabout.A)controloverthepriceofpowerB)necessityofremovingpricecapsC)hikingtheenergypricesinCaliforniaD)aregulationconcerningpowersupply17.GovernorGrayDaviswasdissatisfiedwiththeFederalRegulatoryCommissionbecause.A)theydidnotknowwhattherealproblemwasB)theywerelivinganeasylifeinanivorytowerC)theycouldnotexperiencethelifeinSanDiegoD)theyturnedablindeyetothesituationinCalifornia18.TheFederalCommissionuncappedtheenergypricewiththeintentionto.A)helpCalifornia’seconomyboomingsteadilyB)preventpowerpricefromgoingupanyfurtherC)enablethemarkettodealwithsupplyanddemandproblemsD)havecontractssignedbetweenpowerproducersandtheutilities19.Tohelpkeeppricesfromgoinghigher,peopleandgroupsinCalifornia.A)imposedreasonablepricecapsB)beatdownthedooroffederalregulatorsC)urgedthefederalauthoritiestotakeactionD)struggledagainstfederalpolicytohikeprices20.Energyexpertsagainstpricecapsbelievethat.A)thepresentsituationinCaliforniawillcontinueunlessthereispricecontrolB)thecurrentcrisisispartlyattributedtopreviouscommandandcontrolpolicyC)pricecapscantemporarilysolveenergyproblemsanindividualstatemeetswithD)theydounderstandwhatisgoingoninCaliforniaandwilltakepropermeasuresPassageThreeQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anotherculturalaspectofnonverbalcommunicationisonethatyoumightnotthinkabout:space.Everypersonperceiveshimselftohaveasortofinvisibleshieldsurroundinghisphysicalbody.Whensomeonecomestooclose,hefeelsuncomfortable.Whenhebumpsontosomeone,hefeelsobligatedtoapologize.Butthesizeofaperson’s“comfortzone”dependsonhisculturalethnicorigin.Forexample,incasualconversation,manyAmericansstandaboutfourfeetapart.Inotherwords,theyliketokeepeachother“atarmslength”,peopleinLatinorArabcultures,incontrast,standveryclosetoeachother,andtoucheachotheroften.IfsomeonefromoneofthoseculturesstandstooclosetoanAmericanwhileinconversation,theAmericanmayfeeluncomfortableandbackaway.WhenAmericansaretalking,theyexpectotherstorespondtowhattheyaresaying.ToAmericans,politeconversationalistsempathizebydisplayingexpressionsofexcitementordisgust,shockorsadness.Peoplewitha“pokerface”,whoseemotionsarehiddenbyadeadpanexpression,arelookeduponwithsuspicion.Americansalsoindicatetheirattentivenessinaconversationbyraisingtheireyebrows,nodding,smilingpolitelyandmaintaininggoodeyecontact.Whereassomeculturesviewdirecteyecontactasimpoliteorthreatening,Americansseeitasasignofgenuinenessandhonesty.Ifapersondoesn’tlookyouintheeye,Americanmightsay,youshouldquestionhismotives—orassumethathedoesn’tlikeyou.Yetwithalltheconcernforeyecontact,Americansstillconsiderstaring—especiallyatstrangers—toberude.21.Whattheauthordiscussedintheprevioussectionismostprobablyabout.A)classificationofnonverbalcommunicationB)thereasonswhypeopleshouldthinkaboutspaceC)therelationshipbetweencommunicationandspaceD)someotherculturalaspectsofnonverbalcommunication22.Howfarpeoplekeeptoeachotherwhiletalkingiscloselyassociatedwiththeir.A)originB)cultureC)customD)nationality23.WhenanItaliantalkstoanArabianoninformaloccasions,.A)hestandsaboutfourfeetawayB)“comfortzone”doesnotexistC)keepingcloseenoughispreferredD)communicationbarriersmayemerge24.A“pokerface”(Line3,Para.2)referstoafacewhichis.A)attentiveB)emotionalC)suspiciousD)expressionless25.Inaconversationbetweenfriends,Americansregarditassincereandtruthfulto.A)maintaindirecteyecontactB)hideemotionswithadeadpanexpressionC)displayexcitementordisgust,shockorsadnessD)raisetheireyebrows,nodandsmilepolitelyPassageFourQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WeallknowthatDNAhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsbut,becauseitisinherited,therearealsoregionsoftheDNAstrandwhichcanrelateanindividualtohisorherfamily(immediateandextended),tribalgroupandevenanentirepopulation.MolecularGenealogy(宗譜學(xué))canusethisuniqueidentificationprovidedbythegeneticmarkerstolinkpeopletogetherintofamilytrees.Pedigrees(家譜)basedonsuchgeneticmarkerscanmeanabreakthroughforfamilytreeswhereinformationisincompleteormissingduetoadoption,illegitimacyorlackofrecords.TherearemanycommunitiesandpopulationswhichhavelostpreciousrecordsduetotragiceventssuchasthefireintheIrishcourtsduringCivilWarin1921orAmericanslavesforwhommanyrecordswereneverkeptinthefirstplace.ThemainobjectiveoftheMolecularGenealogyResearchGroupistobuildadatabasecontainingover100,000DNAsamplesfromindividualsallovertheworld.Theseindividualswillhaveprovidedapedigreechartofatleastfourgenerationsandasmallbloodsample.Oncethedatabasehasenoughsamplestorepresenttheworldgeneticmake-up,itwilleventuallyhelpinsolvingmanyissuesregardinggenealogiesthatcouldnotbedonebyrelyingonlyontraditionalwrittenrecords.Theoretically,anyindividualwillsomedaybeabletotracehisorherfamilyoriginsthroughthisdatabase.Inthemeantime,asthedatabaseisbeingcreated,moleculargenealogycanalreadyverifypossibleorsuspectedrelationshipsbetweenindividuals.“Forexample,iftwomensharingthesamelastnamebelievethattheyarerelated,butnowrittenrecordprovesthisrelationship,wecanverifythispossibilitybycollectingasampleofDNAfrombothandlookingforcommonmarkers(inthiscasewecanlookprimarilyattheYchromosome(染色體)),”explainsUgoA.Perego,amemberoftheBYUMolecularGenealogyresearchteam.26.PeopleinalargeareamaypossessthesameDNAthreadbecause.A)DNAischaracteristicofaregionB)theyarebeyonddoubtofcommonancestryC)DNAstrandhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsD)theiruniqueidentificationcanbeprovidedviaDNA27.Thepossibleresearchoffamilytreesisbasedonthefactthat.A)geneticshasachievedabreakthroughB)geneticinformationcontainedinDNAcanberevealednowC)eachindividualcarriesauniquerecordofwhoheisandhowheisrelatedtoothersD)wecanuseDNAtoprovehowdistantanindividualistoafamily,agrouporapopulation28.TheMolecularGenealogyResearchGroupisbuildingadatabaseforthepurposeof.A)offeringassistanceinworkingoutgenealogy-relatedproblemsB)solvingmanyissueswithoutrelyingontraditionalwrittenrecordsC)providingapedigreechartofatleastfourgenerationsintheworldD)confirmingtheassumptionthatallindividualsareofthesameorigin29.Iftwomensuspectedforsomereasontheyhaveacommonancestor,.A)wecandecideaccordingtotheirfamilytreeB)wecanfindthetruthfromtheirgeneticmarkersC)wecancomparethedifferencesintheirYchromosomeD)wecanlookforwrittenrecordstoprovetheirrelationship30.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?A)Weareawalking,living,breathingrecordofourancestorsB)ManyAmericanslavesdidnotknowwhotheirancestorswere.C)Anadoptedchildgenerallylacksenoughinformationtoprovehisidentity.D)Moleculargenealogycanbeusedtoprovearelationshipbetweenindividuals.PartⅢVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.31.WTOisregardedbysomecountriesasanaccesstoforeignmarketsratherthanasaforopeningupthehomemarket.A)commerceB)committeeC)commitmentD)commission32.Weshouldrecognizethateverycompanyandeverypersonispartofalongofcustomersandsuppliers.A)poolB)lineC)streamD)chain33.Todaythesmalltownisbetteragainstfloodthanitwas20yearsago.A)protectedB)preventedC)preservedD)prepared34.DidyoumeanIshouldkeepthereceipt?ImafraidIhave.A)runitoverB)tornitupC)takenitapartD)shakenitoff35.Unlikephotocopiesofbooks,thedigitalcopiesarevirtuallyinqualitytotheoriginal.A)similarB)identicalC)resemblingD)alike36.Thepriceoffreshvegetablesaccordingtotheweather.A)fluctuatesB)increasesC)soarsD)maintains37.Yourproposallooksgood,butIamnotconvinceditcanbeputintoeffect.A)onpaperB)atsightC)undercoverD)inbulk38.Thegovernmentthatrefusestomeettheneedsofitspeoplemustbearthe.A)resultsB)outcomesC)effectsD)consequences39.Theelderlypeopleinthiscountryareentitledtoaspecialheatingallowancefromthegovernmentwhentheypasstheageofsixty.A)claimB)declareC)inquireD)apply40.Thesnowhasbeensteadilyforhoursandthegroundiscompletelycovered.A)showeringB)droppingC)descendingD)falling41.Thehostesswenttogreattomakethechildcomfortableandfeelathome.A)effortsB)lengthsC)heightsD)details42.Yousaidthepostofficeisonthisblock,canyoubeabitmore?A)particularB)specificC)abstractD)especial43.HiscompositionwassoconfusingthatIcouldhardlymakeanyofitwhatsoever.A)meaningB)messageC)informationD)sense44.Iamafraidthatyouhavetoalteryourviewsinlightofthetragicnewsthathasjustarrived.A)optimisticB)distressingC)indifferentD)pessimistic45.Asthesayinggoes,readingwithoutreflectingislikeeatingwithout.A)chewingB)tastingC)digestingD)releasing46.Allofusdidquiteagoodjobbuttheteacheronlyhimoutforpraise.A)yelledB)singledC)selectedD)pulled47.Withoutasuresupplyofwater,farminginthatarearemainsattheoftheweather.A)disposalB)riskC)costD)mercy48.Industrialcommunitiesshouldbecloseenoughtocrowdedcentersbutenoughtoreducepotentialdangers.A)advancedB)reliableC)distantD)sophisticated49.Shehadaguiltyaboutnottellingthepolicewhathadactuallyhappened.A)consciousnessB)conscienceC)consequenceD)confusion50.Thereisabeautifulofpineforestnearmycountryhouse.A)extensionB)lengthC)spellD)stretch51.We’veallourtimeandeffortinthisplan,andwedon’twantittofail.A)investedB)exhaustedC)devotedD)assigned52.Theworkersdemandswere，theyonlyaskedforasmallraiseintheirwages.A)generalB)moderateC)partialD)numerous53.Youshouldknowtospendallyourmoneyonthoseimpracticalfancygoods.A)otherthanB)ratherthanC)morethanD)betterthan54.Everybodyseemedtohaveknownabouthisscandal,onlyhiswifewaskeptinthe.A)darkB)ignoranceC)shadeD)shadow55.Allstudentsintheclassaloudlaughwhentheprofessortoldthemajoke.56.Itcanbesafelythatthereisnolivingbeingsonthatplanet.A)resumedB)assessedC)assumedD)assured57.Therearecertainwhenyouhavetointerruptpeoplewhoareinthemiddleofdoingsomething.A)chancesB)situationsC)occasionsD)opportunities58.Motherintotheroomandkissedhersleepingbaby.A)creptB)staggeredC)rushedD)marched59.Thebuildingstartedwithasteelwhichwaslaterfilledinwithbricksandconcrete.A)institutionB)terminalC)sightseeingD)framework60.Thisbookdoesnothaveanstructure.Somepartsareevencontradictory.A)integratedB)informedC)intensiveD)inwardPartⅣCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron