初升高銜接英語語法知識名詞導(dǎo)學(xué)案

初升高銜接英語語法知識名詞清單名詞名詞分類專有名詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則變化、不規(guī)則變化不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)名詞所有格of所有格的構(gòu)成與用法‘s所有格的構(gòu)成與用法雙重所有格梳理1名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法例子一般情況在詞尾加sdeskdesks;dogdogs以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞加esbusbuses;box(___________);watchwatches;dishdishes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加escitycities;family(___________)以o結(jié)尾的詞加s或esphotophotos;tomato(___________)以f或能結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)變f為v再加esleafleaves2.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法例子變內(nèi)部元音manmen;foot(___________);goosegeese詞尾加en或renoxoxen;childchildren單復(fù)數(shù)同形peoplepeople;sheep(___________);deerdeer;meansmeans其他特殊情況mousemice...3.表示不可數(shù)名詞的“數(shù)量”情況方法例子大概的量用much,alotof,plentyof,some等alotofmoney;somemilk具體的量用apieceof,twocupsof等apieceofpaper;twocupsoftea［特別提醒］★有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：trousers;glasses;scissors?！锩~前有man或woman修飾時(shí)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式要把兩個(gè)名詞都變復(fù)數(shù),如：womenteachers;______________________（男醫(yī)生）?！镉行┟~以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)但并非復(fù)數(shù)意義，如:news;physics;maths★有些名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)但具有復(fù)數(shù)意義，如:people;police等。★有些名詞可兼作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，需在句中根據(jù)語法及句意判斷是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，如：apieceofglass(玻璃)aglass(玻璃杯)abowlofchicken(雞肉)achicken(________________)aglassoforange（橙汁)anorange(橙子）apieceofpaper(紙)adailypaper(報(bào)紙）toomuchroom(________________)aroom(房間)alotofwork(工作)agreatwork(著作)★“數(shù)詞+名詞”作定語時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符，如an8yearoldgirl,atenmilewalk梳理2：名詞所有格（表示人或物的所屬關(guān)系）類別構(gòu)成方法例子’s所有格有生命的單數(shù)名詞在詞尾加’sJack’sshoes;today’shomework有生命的復(fù)數(shù)名詞不以s結(jié)尾的加’swomen’sclothes以s結(jié)尾的加’students’rooms表示時(shí)間、距離、國家等的名詞單數(shù)加’sChina’sdevelopment復(fù)數(shù)加’20years’time表示幾個(gè)人共同擁有在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’sTomandMary’sdesk表示每個(gè)人各自擁有在每個(gè)名詞后加’sTom’sandMary’sdesksof所有格表示無生命的事物的名詞一般用“of+名詞”來表示，作后置定語thedooroftheroom雙重所有格針對人而言或名詞前的限定詞互相排斥一般用“of+’s或of+名詞性物主代詞”來表示afriendofTom’s;anoldfriendofours刷題I.寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.child_____________ 2.mistake_____________ 3.box_____________4.hero_____________ 5.piano_____________ 6.wife_____________7.baby_____________ 8.tooth_____________9.policewoman_____________ 10.Japanese______________II.英漢互譯。1.八支牙刷_____________________ 2.幾把小刀_____________________3.一雙筷子_____________________ 4.三杯水_____________________5.很多大米_____________________ 6.教師的辦公室_____________________7.三天的旅行_____________________ 8.我妹妹的一張照片__________________9.somechicken_____________________ 10.fivetimes_____________________11.thetopofthehouse_____________________III.用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Most_____________(boy)studentsareplayingfootballontheplayground. 2.Longlongagothereweretwo_____________(mouse).Theywerefriends.3.Twocar_____________(thief)havebeencaughtinourmunityrecently.4.Many_____________(people)enjoysportsbywatchingothersplay.5.Hekeptanotebookandthenamesand_____________(address)ofhisfriendswerewritteninit.6.Mygrandparentsare_____________(German),buttheyliveinFrance.7.Wouldyouliketoeatsome_____________(apple)ordrinksome_____________(apple)juice?8.ThesecondSundayinMayis_____________(mother)Day.IV.根據(jù)漢語意思完成英語句子，每空一詞。1.她是一個(gè)五歲的女孩。Sheis__________________________girl.2.他是我父親的一個(gè)朋友。Heis_______________________________________________.3.那個(gè)穿藍(lán)色連衣裙的婦女是Mary和Alice的母親。Thewomaninabluedressis_______________________________________4.他把咖啡杯掉地上，打破了。Hedroppedthe__________________________onthefloorandbrokeit.5.我弟弟剛才喝了兩瓶牛奶。Mybrotherdrank_____________________________________justnow.V.下列各題中均有一處錯(cuò)誤,找出并改正。1.Twoday’sholidayisnotenoughforthetiredstudents.2.Manyforeignershavegotusedtochopstick.3.NothingcanreducemysadwhenIfail.4.Afriendofmecametoseemeonmybirthday.5.Howmuchsugarsdidyouputinyourmilk?6.Swimmingisoneofthebestformofexercise.7.Ifyouwanttodrive,youmayneedadriverlicense.8.Theywereenemybefore,butnowtheyareclosefriends.參考答案：【梳理1】1.boxes;families;tomatoes2.feet;sheep[特別提醒]mendoctors;小雞；空間【刷題】I.1.children2.mistakes3.boxes4.heroes5.pianos6.wives7.babies8.teeth9.policewomen10.JapaneseII.1.eighttoothbrushes2.afew/severalknives3.apairofchopsticks4.threecupsofwater5.plentyof/alotof/lotsof/muchrice6.teachers'office7.athreedaytrip8.aphotoofmysister/sister's9.一些雞肉10.五次/五倍11.房頂III.1.boy2.mice3.thieves4.people5.addresses6.Germans7.apples;apple8.Mother'sI