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Theworldofscience-developingideasBook3Unit3WhoisheBenjaminFranklinWhatdidhedoHehelpeddrafttheDeclarationofIndependenceandtheUSConstitution(憲法).《theDeclarationofIndependence》獨(dú)立宣言apartfrom除了...beknownas作為...而文明PART.02BenjaminFranklinFoundingFathersoftheUSDeclarationofIndependenceleadingauthor,printer,publisher,diplomat,scientistandinventor.HeisundounbtedlyimportanttoAmericans.WhatmadehimfamousReadLearningtolearnandanswerthequestions.WhatisthefeatureofanessaytitleWhatdoyouusuallyknowfromanessaytitlefocuson
集中注意力于...PART.02FRANKLIN’SEXPERIMENT:HowMuchIsTrueHowdoyoudescribethispictureWhatistheweatherlikeWhatisthetallermandoingWhataretheobjectscircledPART.02Accordingtothetitle,whatdoyouthinkthispassageismainlyaboutAccordingtothetitle,doyouthinkFranklin’sexperimentistrueornotReadthetitleanddiscussthequestions.HowMuchIsTruePART.02WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA.ThestoryofFranklin'sexperimentistrueornot.B.TheaimofFranklin'sexperiment.C.TheprocedureofFranklin'sexperiment.D.TheeffectofFranklin'sexperiment.Carefulreading1.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsFranklin’sexperimentA.skepticalB.optimisticC.criticalD.positiveReadPara.1andanswerthequestions.2.UnderlineasupprtingsentenceinPara.1ReadPara.2andfillintheexperimentreport.ExperimentThekitelightningexperimentAimMaterialProcedureConclusionLightningwasaformofelectricity.AkitewithastringandametalkeyFirst,Franklinflewakitewithastringandametalkey.Then,whenaflashoflightninghitthekite,electricitywasconductedthroughthestringtothekey.Finally,touchingthekey,Franklingotanelectricshock.Totestiflightningwasreallyproducedbyelectricity.ReadPara.3-5andanswerthequestion.Findoutchangesofpeople’sattitudestowardsFranklin’sexperiment.2.Numberthestatements.Franklin'sspiritofscientificexplorationisstillconsideredaninspiration.PeopleareamazedatandinspiredbyFranklin'sexperiment.ScientistsquestionwhatreallyhappenedinFranklin'sexperiment.PART.02BeginThenFinalPeopleareamazedatandinspired
by
Franklin’sexperiment.Scientists
question
whatreallyhappened
inFranklin’sexperiment.Franklin’sspiritofscientificexploration
isstillconsideredaninspiration.
6Admittedly,fictionisoftenmoreinterestingthanthetruth.PeoplehavebeenmoreinspiredbyFranklin’sspiritofscientificexplorationthanbythefactsthemselves.Butinscience,factsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch,andweshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear–evenifitisagreatstory.ReadPara.6andgetmoredetailedinformation.HowMuchIsTruePART.02What’sthepurposeofthepassageA.Tellusafunnystory.B.Tellusastoryofagreatscientist.C.Tellusthatweshouldn’talwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear.D.Telluslightningisreallyproducedbyelectricity.Para.1IntroductionPara.2WhatistheexperimentPara.3-5People’sattitudeshavechangedoveryears.Para.6Conclusiontrue:Franklin’sexperimentdidtakeplace.Thedetailaboutthestringandthekeyistrue.untrue:Whatreallyhappenedisquestioned.MaybeFranklindidn’ttouchthekeybecausehewouldcentainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.WhatmaybetrueanduntrueinFranklin’sexperimentrespectively各自、分別地WhyPART.02Think&share1.DoyouthinkitmattersthatFranklin’sexperimentmightnotbetrueWhyItdepends.Althoughtheexperimentisnottrue,itamazedusbyFranklin’sbravery,hisscientificapproachtolookingforthetruthandhisspiritofscientificexploration.However,forthedevelopmentofscience,experimentsmustbebasedonfacts.eg:2.Whatisyouropinionaboutthestatement陳述“...weshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear—evenifitisagreatstory”Think&shareeg.Sometimesareallygreatstorymaynotbetrue,andweneedtohavecriticalthinking.3.Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkagreatscientistshouldhaveobservantbraveobjectivepersistentcuriousdevotedimaginative...Think&share4.InwhatwaysdoscientistscontributetosocietyThink&shareFirstly,scientificdiscoveriespromotethedevelopmentofoursociety.Secondly,thecontributionsofscientistsinmedicineextendourlifespan.Thirdly,scientistshaveinventedalotofsurprisingtoolsthatfundamentallyimproveourlivingstandards.THANKS1.Apartfrombeingasuccessfulstatesman,hewasalsowellknownasaleadingAmericanauthor,printerandpublisher,successfuldiplomat,creativescientistandinventor.他除了是一位成功的政治家外,還是一位杰出的美國(guó)作家、印刷商和出版商、成功的外交官、富有創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家。e.g.Wedidn'tseeanyoneallday,apartfromacoupleofkidsonthebeach.
Apartfromhisearningsasafootballcoach,healsoownsandrunsachainofsportsshops.apartfrom:exceptfor除……以外
aswellas除……以外(還);此外apartfrom,inadditionto/besides與except易混詞(組)用法例句apartfrom“除了……(還)”,當(dāng)指“包括在內(nèi)”時(shí)相當(dāng)于besides,當(dāng)指“不包括在內(nèi)”時(shí)相當(dāng)于except(for)Apartfromtheending,it’sreallyagoodfilm.inadditionto/besides“除了……之外”,強(qiáng)調(diào)除這些之外還包括其他SheunderstandsFrenchbesides/inadditiontoEnglish.except“除……之外”,指從整體中除去一部分,除去的部分要排除在外,其后可接that/when引導(dǎo)的從句HegetsupearlyeverydayexceptSunday.【語境應(yīng)用】選詞填空。1)Somepeoplechoosejobsformoney,whileotherpeoplechoosejobsforreasons_____________(besides/except)moneythesedays.2)Thesunisshiningbright,andthewindfeelssoft.Everythingisperfect______________(apartfrom/besides)thetrafficjam.3)_____________________________(apartfrom/besides/inadditionto)LiHua,eightstudentsaregoingtotakepartinthesportsmeetingtobeheldthisFriday.besidesapartfromApartfrom/Besides/Inadditionto2.However,newresearchsuggeststhatthestorymaybefictioninsteadoffact.然而,新的研究表明,這個(gè)故事可能是虛構(gòu)的,不是事實(shí)。e.g.CanwerecyclethepaperinsteadofdumpingitLet'splaycardsinsteadofwatchingtelevision.insteadof:inplaceof;ratherthan而不是,代替后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語。insteadof與instead易混詞(組)用法例句insteadof介詞短語,后面一般接名詞(短語)、代詞、動(dòng)名詞(短語)作賓語Insteadofbeingannoyed,heseemedquitepleased.instead副詞,單獨(dú)使用MrWangisill.MrLiwilltakehisplaceinstead.【語境應(yīng)用】選詞填空:instead與insteadof1)Hedecidedthathewoulddriveallthewayhome____________puttingupatahotelforthenight.2)Jackdidn’thavenoodlesforlunch.___________,hehadriceandfish.insteadofInstead3.Thewell-knownstoryisthattheAmericanFoundingFatherandscientistflewakiteduringastormin1752.這一廣為人知的故事講述了這位美國(guó)開國(guó)元?jiǎng)缀涂茖W(xué)家在1752年的一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨中放風(fēng)箏的經(jīng)歷。
that引導(dǎo)的表語從句,that只起引導(dǎo)作用,在從句中不做成分。flyakite放風(fēng)箏4.Heraisedthekitewithapieceofstringtiedtoit.他在風(fēng)箏上面系了一根繩子,把風(fēng)箏放上天。本句中“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式(表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行)、動(dòng)詞-ed形式(表被動(dòng)完成)、動(dòng)詞不定式(表將來)等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)常在句中常用作狀語,表示伴隨情況或行為方式等。withapieceofstringtiedtoit是“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,修飾thekite,動(dòng)詞過去分詞短語tiedtoit作賓語補(bǔ)足語。e.g.Themanwithhisarmscrossedonhischestistheheadmasterofourschool.雙臂交叉在胸前的那個(gè)人是我們學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)。Ourteachercameinwithabookinhishand.我們的老師手里拿著一本書進(jìn)來了。Withaboyleadingtheway,theystartedtowardsthevillage.由一個(gè)小男孩領(lǐng)著路,他們朝那個(gè)村子去了。Ihavetogotobedwithnothingtodo.
由于沒有什么事情可以做,所以我只好上床睡覺。Thecityliesinavalleywithhighmountainsaroundit.這座城市位于一個(gè)由高山環(huán)抱的山谷中。
【語境應(yīng)用】單句語法填空。1)Ilivedinthehousewithitsdoor________(face)tothesouth.2)Lisawaspunishedbyhermotherbecauseshewentouttoplaywithoutherhomework________(finish).facingfinished仿寫下列句子。1)他頭枕著胳膊睡著了。2)有這么多盤子要洗,我不能出去了。Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Ican’tgooutwithsomanydishestowash.5.Ametalkeywasattachedtothestring.
細(xì)繩上綁著一把金屬鑰匙。attachv.tofasten,joinorconnect;toplaceorfixinposition
系;綁;貼;固定;連接;附上toconsidersthhavethatquality
認(rèn)為……有(重要性、價(jià)值、意義等)e.g.Thehospitalisattachedtothefamousmedicalschool.Weneedtoattachgreatimportancetoprotecting
ourenvironment.attachto把……系在……上,把……附在……上attachgreatimportance/significance/valueto重視attachedadj.
依戀;依附于beattachedto附屬于;依戀/愛慕……attachmentn.
連接;附屬物,附件;依戀,愛慕e.g.Heissoattachedtothenetworkgamesthatheoftenmissedtheclasses.Infantsmayformattachmentstoanycaregiver.Pleasefindmyapplicationletterandresume(簡(jiǎn)歷)intheattachment.attach,join與connect詞條用法例句attach“系上;縛上;附加;連接”,指把局部接在整體上面、小的接在大的上面、活動(dòng)的接在固定的上面Weusedpastetoattachourdesignstotheposter.join“連接,聯(lián)結(jié)”,側(cè)重把原來不相連的物體緊密地連接在一起,但仍可再分開;也指把分散的人聯(lián)合起來,或加入某團(tuán)體中去Ithasadormerroofjoiningbothgableends.connect“連接,聯(lián)結(jié)”,指使兩事物在某一點(diǎn)上相連接,二者有聯(lián)系但彼此又保持獨(dú)立;有時(shí)可與join替換使用Connectthehosetothetapandturnonthetap.【語境應(yīng)用】單句語法填空。Iwillattachadocument__________theletter.Pleasesignitandmailitbacktomeassoonaspossible.用attach,join與connect的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Theopenedlinkisusedto__________thetwoendsofthechain(鏈條).2)Icannot__________thetwothingsinmymind.3)Ahorsewas__________toapost.tojoinconnectattachedapproachn.amethodofdoingsomethingordealingwithaproblem方法,途徑
movementtowardsorneartosomething靠近;接近6.Morethanonegenerationofschoolchildrenhasbeenamazedbyhisbraveryandhisscientificapproachtolookingforthetruth.
數(shù)代的學(xué)生都嘆服于他的勇氣和尋找真理的科學(xué)方法。anapproachto(doing)sth……的方法;通往……的道路attheapproachof…在接近……的時(shí)候theapproachof………的來臨approachv.tomovetowardsornearertosomeoneorsomething
走近,靠近,接近tobegintodealwithasituationorproblem對(duì)付,處理e.g.Thehunterwascuriouslyapproaching,butwestillcan’tdecidewheretogo.Itmightbepossibletoapproachtheprobleminadifferentway.e.g.Asthefinalexamapproaches,wearebusypreparingforit.Theyaretryingtofindnewapproachtosolvingtheirconflicts.Attheapproachoftheinterview,hebecamerathernervousandupset.【語境應(yīng)用】單句語法填空。1)Thebestapproachto_________(build)upyourbodyistodoexerciseeveryday.2)Theapproach_________winterbringscoldweather.3)Wehavefoundanewapproach_________thestudyofEnglish.4)Manykindsofbirdsflysouth_________theapproachofwinter.buildingoftoatapproach,way,means,method與manner詞條用法approach指待人接物或思考問題的方式、方法或態(tài)度,常見于短語theapproachtosth/doingsth中way使用范圍很廣,但較多地用在具體的事情上或口語中,常見于inthisway,thewaytodosth,thewayofdoingsth等短語中means指實(shí)現(xiàn)目的的任何手段,或采用某種交通工具,常見于bymeansof等短語中method指有條理的、系統(tǒng)的方法,特別指新的方法,常見于短語themethodof(doing
)sth中manner指特殊的或獨(dú)特的方式、方法,與行為、動(dòng)作有關(guān)7.Franklin,alongwithmanyotherscientists,hasinspiredusandtaughtusthatscientificexperimentsareimportantinordertoestablishthetruthandtocontributetowardslaterscientificdiscoveriesandinventions.富蘭克林與許多其他科學(xué)家一道,激勵(lì)并教導(dǎo)我們科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)于推定真理與推動(dòng)后來的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)及發(fā)明而言都至關(guān)重要。
當(dāng)主語后有alongwith引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語保持一致。that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,作taught的直接賓語。inordertoestablishthetruth和tocontributetowards…是and連接的兩個(gè)并列目的狀語。8.AlthoughithasbeenprovedthatFranklin’sexperimenttookplace.Morethanonescientisthasquestionedwhatreallyhappened.雖然已經(jīng)證明富蘭克林的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)生了,但是不止一個(gè)科學(xué)家對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)真相提出了質(zhì)疑。e.g.WhendoesyourweddingtakeplaceThegeneralstriketookplacein1923.takeplace:to
happen,tooccur,especiallyafterpreviouslybeingarrangedorplanned(根據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排)發(fā)生takeplace,happen,occur,breakout與comeabout詞條用法takeplace表示按照事先的安排或計(jì)劃發(fā)生、進(jìn)行,多指運(yùn)動(dòng)、變化、進(jìn)步、會(huì)議或婚禮等happen指某事偶然發(fā)生,常帶有未能預(yù)見的意思;happento常用來表示“遭到;遇到”occur“發(fā)生;想起”Sthoccurstosb(=Itoccurstosbthat…)“某人突然想起某事”breakout指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病等“突然爆發(fā)”comeabout“發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生”,多指事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了,但還不知道為什么發(fā)生;常用于疑問句和否定句中,多與how連用e.g.Thedisasteroccurred/happenedatmidnight,whenmostpeopleweresleep.Sosomethingbadhappenedtomanypeople.Althoughanemergencyrescuetookplace,yetsomepeoplewerekilled.Doyouknowhowthecaraccidentcameabouttaketheplaceof 代替(動(dòng)詞短語)takeone’splace 代替某人;就座inplaceof 代替(介詞短語)inplace 在正確位置;準(zhǔn)備妥當(dāng)由place構(gòu)成的其他短語【語境應(yīng)用】用happen,takeplace,occur,comeabout與breakout的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Theidea______________tohiminadreamlastnight.2)Greatchangeshave______________inourcityduringthepasttenyears.3)Howdidthatsituation______________4)Abigfire______________lastnight.5)Abadaccident______________tothatfamily.occurredtakenplacecomeaboutbrokeouthappened9.SomehaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton’sheadandledhimtocomeupwithhistheoryofgravity.有個(gè)故事講了牛頓的頭被一個(gè)掉落的蘋果砸中了,這讓他提出了(萬有)引力定律。有些科學(xué)家甚至質(zhì)疑這個(gè)故事(的真實(shí)性)。comeupwith:tothinkof,toofferortoproduce想出或提出(主意、計(jì)劃、方案等)e.g.Shecameupwithanewideaforincreasingsales.putupwith 容忍catchupwith 趕上keepupwith 跟上endupwith 以……結(jié)束makeupwith 與……和好“動(dòng)詞+upwith”型的其他短語【語境應(yīng)用】用comeupwith,putupwith,keepupwith與endupwith的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)MymainreasonforsubscribingtoNewScientististo____
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