10選擇性重要語法突破講義（人教版2019）（原卷版）

10選擇性必修第三冊重要語法突破講義目錄Partone定語從句精講+語法訓(xùn)練Parttwo現(xiàn)在完成進行時精講+語法訓(xùn)練Partthree不定式精講+語法訓(xùn)練定語從句精講一、關(guān)系代詞的用法who指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語；whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，?？墒÷裕粀hich指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略；that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which；在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略；whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作定語。Thepersonthat/whotrickedmewasoneofmyclassmates.騙我的那個人是我的一個同學(xué)。Theoldman(that/whom)thegirlhadtrickedwasmygrandfather.女孩欺騙的那位老人是我的爺爺。Thegoldmedal(that/which)shewonhasbeengiventoheroldschool.她曾經(jīng)獲得的那塊金牌已經(jīng)被送給她的母校了。Thewoman(that/whom)Ireadaboutinthenewspaperhasjustwonagoldmedal.我在報紙上讀到的那位女士剛剛贏得了一枚金牌。Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.就是這個人的故事讓所有人吃了一驚。[溫馨提示]1．宜用that不宜用which的情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代詞時。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都已經(jīng)做完了。(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all，every，some，any，little，much，theonly，thevery，theright，thelast，just等修飾時。Musicistheonlythingthatinterestsme.音樂是唯一令我感興趣的東西。(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverread.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最有趣的故事。(4)當(dāng)先行詞中既有人又有物時。Shedescribedinherpositionthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。2．宜用which不宜用that的情況(1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時。ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbeeashoeshop.我過去住的房子現(xiàn)在變成了一家鞋店。(2)在非限制性定語從句中。Haveyoueverreadthebook，whichwaswrittenbyayounggirl?你曾讀過一個年輕女孩寫的這本書嗎？3．宜用who不宜用that的情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞是指人的不定代詞時，如：one，ones，anyone等。Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad.誰那樣做都一定是瘋了。(2)當(dāng)先行詞是人稱代詞I，you，he，they等時(常用于諺語中)。Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到長城非好漢。(3)當(dāng)先行詞為指人的those時。Thosewhohavegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.那些有禮貌的人會受到人們的高度尊重。(4)在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時。Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.有一個年輕人想見你。4．whose指物時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokencanhold40students.＝Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokencanhold40students.＝Theclassroomofwhichthedoorisbrokencanhold40students.那間被弄壞了門的教室能容納40個學(xué)生。二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞的指代及功能關(guān)系副詞先行詞功能when表示時間的名詞時間狀語where表示地點的名詞地點狀語whyreason原因狀語IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttraveledbyplane.我仍然記得第一次坐飛機旅行的時候。I’dliketoliveinthehousewherethereisplentyofsunshine.我喜歡住在那個陽光充足的房子里。Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tetohisbirthdayparty?你能告訴我你沒參加他的生日宴會的原因嗎？[溫馨提示]表示時間、地點及原因的名詞作先行詞時，定語從句可用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，也可用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。若先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞；若先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞。試比較：Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？(when在從句中作狀語)Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?你還記得我們在農(nóng)場一起度過的那些日子嗎？(that或which作spent的賓語)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.我不知道昨天他為什么沒向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因狀語)Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.我堅決不聽你提供給我們的那個理由。(定語從句中缺少賓語，所以用which/that，不用why)三、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，我們通常用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果指“人”，用“介詞＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介詞＋which”；關(guān)系代詞有時也用whose(作定語)。選用介詞的依據(jù)：1．根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的搭配習(xí)慣(即固定短語)。YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous.昨天我們參觀了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(befamousfor因……而出名)2．根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣(約定俗成，不一定是短語)。Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.這就是他經(jīng)常用來拍照的相機。(withcamera用照相機)ThebossinwhosepanyMrKingworkedheardabouttheaccident.金先生所工作的公司的老板聽說了這起事故。(intheboss’pany)3．根據(jù)句子的意思來選擇。Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.這種無色的、離了它我們就無法生存的氣體是氧氣。4．表示“所有”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時，通常用介詞of。Ihaveabout10books，halfofwhichwerewrittenbyMoYan.我有大約10本書，其中一半是莫言寫的。[溫馨提示]在定語從句中，有一些含介詞的動詞短語不可拆開使用，如lookafter，lookfor等不能把介詞移至which或whom之前。Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.(誤)四、非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切，只是對先行詞或主句做些附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞與引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞略有不同。除that和why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句外，其他都可以。HeisEnglish，whichIknowfromhisaccent.他是英國人，我通過他的口音知道這一點。Iheardaterriblenoise，whichbroughtmyheartintomymouth.我聽到了一個可怕的聲音，這使我非常害怕。[溫馨提示]關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別as和which都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為整個主句或主句中的一部分內(nèi)容，先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語；as和which都不可省略，有時兩者可以互換。Hemarriedher，as/whichwasnatural.他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。下列情況通常只用as而不用which：當(dāng)定語從句置于主句前面時，用as不用which。Asyousee，theChinesepeoplearehard-working.(定語從句在句首)你知道，中國人民是勤勞的。注意下面句子的多種表達方法：眾所周知，月球每月繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一圈。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Asisknowntoeverybody，themoontravelsroundthe,earthonceeverymonth.,Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth，,as/whichisknowntoeverybody.,Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsround,theearthonceeverymonth.,Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravels,roundtheearthonceeverymonth.,后兩句屬名詞性從句范疇))五、使用定語從句的注意事項1．關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。Thosewhoareover45won’tbepermittedintothehall.超過45歲的人不允許進入大廳。[溫馨提示]“oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“theonlyoneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.這是查爾斯·狄更斯所寫的書中的其中一本。HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhohaslearnedFrench.他是我們班里唯一一個學(xué)過法語的男孩。2．為避免關(guān)系詞的重復(fù)，被關(guān)系代詞所代替的成分不可在從句中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。ThisisthefactorywhichwevisitedlastSunday.(visited后不可加it)這就是我們上星期天參觀過的工廠。語法訓(xùn)練一、語法填空1．Theteacherdidn’tknowthereasonshewaslateforschool.before,startedjumpingoutofthewindow.3．Thereasonhewasabsentwasquiteplicated.4．Theupsideisthatyouhavereachedastageyoucanmakeyourowndecisions.5．InanagemobilephonesandtheInternetareeatingupmostofourtimeandenergy,onecanunderstandhowdifficultitistofocusattentionandenergyonstudies.6．MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandsbecamehissecondhome.7．ThenextquestionIfounddifficulttoanswerwasputtomebyMary.8．ThegirltoIlentmybikeworksinahospital.9．Ihavepurchasedallisnecessary.10．ThisisthecleverestmanIhaveeverknown.11．Thisisthegreatestchallengewe’veevermetwith.12．ThenursewetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishfluently.13．Theship,theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinent,wascalledtheMayflower.14．HereareagentsfromAmerica,someofareouroldfriends.15．Thereareseveralteachersstandingattheschoolgate,oneofismyEnglishteacher.16．IhaveactivelyattendedEnglishlectures,fromIhaveagoodknowledgeofBritishandAmericancultures.17．Thereasonheexplainedtouswasthathehadn’treadthebookbefore.18．Hisopinionoftenconflictswithhisparents,isoftenthecasewithteenagers.19．AccordingtotheBeijing2022Organizingmittee,morethan1millionpeopleappliedtoserveasvolunteersandnearly20，000wereselected,mostofarefromcollegesanduniversitiesinBeijingandHebeiProvince.20．Accordingtoofficialstatistics,over346millionChinesepeoplehaveparticipatedinwintersportstraining,amateurorprofessionalpetitions,orwintersportsleisureactivities,surpassingthegoalof300millionthegovernmentsetin2015BeijingwontheOlympicbid.21．Ihopeacupuncture,withhelpIrecovered,willcontinuetobringhealthtootherpeople.22．Moreover,themajorityaremainlythepost80syouthand90syouth，don’twanttovisitcrowdedtouristsites.23．Anationalterritorial(領(lǐng)土的)planningsystemwillbeguidedbythree“redlines”,oneofwillincludeabout103millionhectaresofpermanentfarmland.24．Shaanxi’sbiangbiangnoodleswereafortingandbelovedfoodamonglocals,forthebackstoryandwrittencharacterweremonknowledge.25．Theassociationofredwithgoodfortuneisthereasonthecolorredisimportantinweddings,NewYears,andotherimportantcelebrations.26．Beijing,theSummerGameswereheldin2008,isthefirstcityintheworldtohostbotheditionsoftheOlympicGames.27．isknowntous,bodylanguagecangiveawayalotaboutyourmood.28．Understanding,loveandtolerancearethefirstthreeessentialsetoanauthenticfriendship.29．Inaddition,everystudentcanbeinharmonywithforeignfriends,makesiteasyforyoutogetalongwiththem.30．Theoldmanturnedhisbusinessovertohisyoungerson,madehiseldersondiscouraged.二、完成句子31．Inourclassthereare50students,(其中一半人戴眼鏡).（定語從句）32．(正如你想的那樣),therewillbeavarietyofchallengesinthefuturelife.33．Thecampaigncan(提醒人們汽車對我們社會產(chǎn)生的危害).34．Hehadabigquarrelwithhisboss,(這使得他被解雇了).35．(你可以想象得到),everylifeisallowedtohavefreedomanddignityinthiscountry.36．(通常就是這樣),sherarelytakespartinactivities.37．Thenumberofsmokers，（正如報道的那樣），hasdecreasedby17percentinjustoneyear.38．Hewrotealetter(在信中他解釋了發(fā)生的事情)intheaccident.39．Iwouldliketomakefriendswithpeopletheirwords(言行一致的).（動詞短語、定語從句）40．(我所想到的解決這個問題的方法)provetobepractical.(way)現(xiàn)在完成進行時精講1．構(gòu)成：have/has＋been＋現(xiàn)在分詞2．用法(1)現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠的時間，其動作是否繼續(xù)下去，則由上下文而定。這個時態(tài)多用于延續(xù)性動詞，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和allthisweek，thismonth，allnight，allthemorning，recently等時間狀語以及since和for引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用(與since和for連用時，動作常會繼續(xù)下去)。Ihavebeenwaitingforanhourandhestillhasn’tturnedup.我已經(jīng)等了一個小時了，可他還沒來。Howlonghaveyoubeenlivinghere?你在這里住了多久了？(2)有時現(xiàn)在完成進行時所表示的動作并不是一直在不停地進行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。這時現(xiàn)在完成進行時可用于瞬間動詞。He’sbeenshavingsincelastyear.他從去年開始就一直刮臉。Youhavebeensayingforayearthatyouwillstudyabroad.整整一年你都在說要出國學(xué)習(xí)。3．現(xiàn)在完成進行時中時間狀語的省略現(xiàn)在完成進行時在上下文清楚時亦可不用時間狀語。這種現(xiàn)在完成進行時多指“剛才”或“近來”發(fā)生的動作，一般不再繼續(xù)，并往往含有一種直接的結(jié)果。You’vebeenworkingtoohard.你工作太辛苦了。(直接結(jié)果可能是你一定很累了)You’vebeensmokingagain.你又抽煙了。(暗含結(jié)果是你身上有煙味)4．現(xiàn)在完成進行時的感情色彩現(xiàn)在完成進行時和其他進行時態(tài)一樣，也可以帶有感情色彩。Ihavebeenwantingtomeetyouforalongtime.和你見面是我盼望已久的事。Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.今天發(fā)生太多事了?，F(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時是兼有現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進行時二者基本特點的時態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時的特點，所以它可以表示某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響；由于它有現(xiàn)在進行時的特點，所以它也可以表示某一動作的延續(xù)性、臨時性、重復(fù)性、生動性乃至感情色彩?，F(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的比較：1．現(xiàn)在完成進行時可以表示動作的重復(fù)，而現(xiàn)在完成時一般不表示重復(fù)性。Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?你最近常和他見面嗎？Haveyoumethimrecently?你最近見過他嗎？2．現(xiàn)在完成進行時有時含有感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時一般是平鋪直敘。Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.我一直等了你兩個小時。(可能表示不滿)Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.我等了你兩個小時。(說明一個事實)3．現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作，而現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)結(jié)果。Whohasbeeneatingtheoranges?誰一直在吃橘子呀？(還剩余一些)Whohaseatentheoranges?誰把橘子吃了？(強調(diào)吃得一個不剩)4．有些動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如：表示狀態(tài)的動詞：be，have，exist等；表示感情的動詞：like，love等；表示感覺的動詞：see，hear，know等。IhavelikedjazzsinceIwasateenager.從青少年起我就喜歡爵士樂了。Ihaveknownherforalongtime.我認識她已經(jīng)很長時間了。5．與一段時間連用時可以用現(xiàn)在完成時也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進行時；但與次數(shù)連用時只能用現(xiàn)在完成時，不能用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Ithasn’trainedforsixweeks.,已經(jīng)六個星期沒下雨了。,Ithasbeenrainingsinceyesterdayanditisstillraining.,從昨天起，雨就沒停過，而且現(xiàn)在還在下。))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Hehasrungmeupfivetimessince12o’clock.,從十二點后，他已經(jīng)給我打了五次。,Hehasbeenringingmeupallthemorning.,他整個上午一直在給我打。))6．這兩種時態(tài)都可以表示動作的延續(xù)，區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成進行時更強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性，可以說是現(xiàn)在完成時的強調(diào)形式。Wehavebeenlivingherefortenyears.Wehavelivedherefortenyears.我們在這里住了十年了。7．在沒有時間狀語的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作仍在進行，而現(xiàn)在完成時則表示動作到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束。Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.學(xué)生們一直在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。(還在進行)Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.學(xué)生們?yōu)榭荚囎隽藴?zhǔn)備。(已經(jīng)結(jié)束)語法訓(xùn)練一、語法填空1．I(play)pingpongallthemorning,soI’msweatingbuckets.2．He(write)hisnovelalldaylong,andhopefullyhewillpleteitinaweek.3．Inrecentyears,however,membership(decline).4．IhomeworkthismorningandIitforfourhourssofar.(do)5．SinceZhangjiajie(improve)itstransportationandserviceforlong,thecitynowcanreceive36,200touristsperday.6．IgraduatedfromBeijingUniversityin1998,andI(teach)Englishliteraturesince.7．Thedog(bark)foralongtime,andIamfollowingthesoundtofindit.8．It(grow)wellforthepastthreemonths.9．—Hi,George,youlookexhausted.—Yes,Iamexhausted.I(paint)thecafeteriaallday.10．Thestudy(investigate)theimpactofviolentTVprogrammingonchildrenoverthelasttwoyears.11．NowthatLucyisoutofwork,she(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshe

(notdecide)yet.12．She(write)hergraduationpaperalldaylong.13．He(listen)toEnglishprogramssincehecametotheUS,sohe(make)greatprogress.14．I(write)thebookallyearandamhopingtofinishitsoon.15．Mark(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe’llhavefinisheditbyFriday.16．Inthepastonehour,thefire(extend)almosttothetopfloor,withresidentscrowdingintoroofexit.17．Manyartistsdrawwithpensandbrushes,butfew“paint”withknives.WangJing,awomanfromShenyangcityinnortheastChina’sLiaoningProvince,(engage)inthisnovelartformfor27years.18．Itseemsthatclimateallovertheworld(change)greatlyinrecentyears.19．ThesedaysI(consider)whattodonextmove.20．Thepany(promise)ariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.二、完成句子21．我踢了一上午的足球，所以出汗很多。Iallthemorning,soI’msweatingheavily.22．新學(xué)期開始以來,湯姆一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)。Tomsincethenewtermbegan.23．他一直盼著加薪。Heforaraiseinsalaryallthetime.24．他有肺病。那是因為他抽煙抽得太多了。(because)Hehaslungdisease..25．我從早晨9點開始一直在寫報告。Isince9inthemorning.26．很多醫(yī)生和護士已經(jīng)夜以繼日地工作數(shù)周了。dayandnightforweeks.27．這個月天天下雨。Iteverydaythismonth.28．你看了多久電視了?Howlong

TV?29．這話他已經(jīng)說了好幾年了。He

thatforyears.30．我多年來一直在學(xué)習(xí)漢語。IChineseformanyyears.31．湯姆的手很臟，因為他一直在修汽車。Tom’shandsareverydirty,becausehethecar.32．煙草行業(yè)一直在試圖改善其形象。Thetobaccoindustry.33．他看了一天電視了。Hetelevisionallday.34．毫無疑問你工作一直十分努力。Withoutdoubt,youveryhard.35．他做這份工作已經(jīng)三年了。Hethisworkforthreeyears.36．我累壞了。整個下午我一直在工作。Iamtiredout.Ithewholeafternoon.37．自從上周以來一直下雨。Itsincelastweek.38．整個上午我一直在打乒乓球，所以我渾身是汗。Iallmorning,soI’msweating.39．中國人有2000多年的造紙歷史。(havebeendoing)TheChinesepaperformorethantwothousandyears.40．這本書我已讀了兩個小時了，但我還沒讀完。Ifortwohours,butIhaven’tfinishedit.不定式精講不定式的形式todo將來時主動式tobedone將來時被動式tobedoing進行時主動式tobebeingdone進行時被動式tohavedone完成時主動式tohavebeendone完成時被動式二、不定式做主語1.不定式做主語位于句首；Eg：Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。Togetupearlyisnecessary.早起是有必要的。2．It作形式主語，動詞不定式為真正主語，放在句末，為了保持句子的平衡。形式一：It+be+adj.+forsb.+todosth在此句式中，做表語的形容詞說明不定式行為的性質(zhì)或者特點。Adj:easy,important,difficult,necessary,hard,possible,impossible,fortable,better等。Eg:It’simportantforustokeepthewaterclean.形式二：It+be+adj+ofsb.+todosth在此句型中，做表語的形容詞用于說明不定式邏輯主語的品性、性格、性質(zhì)等。Adj:kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,brave,considerate,selfish(自私的),silly(愚蠢的)等。Eg:Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.形式三：It+be+名詞+todosth名詞：anhonour/(a)pleasure/pity/duty(責(zé)任)/fun/task/job......Eg:Itisourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.形式四：Ittakes/took/willtakesb.sometime/moneytodosth花費某人...時間/金錢做某事Eg:Itwilltakeusalongtimetowalkthere.動詞不定式與疑問詞how,what,when,where,which等連用構(gòu)成不定式短語，位于句首，也可以做主語。Eg:Whattodonextisnotdecidedyet.4.不定式語態(tài)不定式與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系用todo;不定式與邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系用tobedone.Eg:Itwasanhonourforhimtobechosenasheadofthemedicalteam.5.todo做主語與動名詞做主語的區(qū)別動詞不定式做主語通常表示具體的一次性行為或?qū)淼膭幼?，強調(diào)動作本身，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；動名詞做主語通常表示一般的抽象的泛指概念，強調(diào)事件本身，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Eg:Tolietotheteacheriswrong.Eatingisanimportantthing.動詞不定式做主語時，可以表示一件帶有目的性的未完成事件；動名詞做主語時，可以表示一件已知的經(jīng)驗或事情，表示人的習(xí)慣、愛好、職業(yè)、經(jīng)驗等。Eg:Ilikeswimmimg,butIdon’tliketoswimonsuchacoldday.（前者指習(xí)慣愛好，后者指一次性行為）TovisitAustraliaismynextgoal.(未來動作)Collectingstampsishishobby.(習(xí)慣愛好)Teachingchildrenmusicisherwork.(工作職業(yè))Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.(經(jīng)驗)不定式作表語一．結(jié)構(gòu)am/is/are/was/were+不定式Thepurposeofeducationistodevelopafinepersonalityinchildren.二.功能（1）表示目的Thenextstepistounderstandexactlywhatconveysinthecontemporarypainting.（2）表示事態(tài)發(fā)展的結(jié)果、預(yù)期的結(jié)果及預(yù)言Youmustspeakout,ifwearetoremainfriends.Webelievemanistoliveabetterlifeinthefuture. （3）用于第一人稱疑問句，表示征求意見WhatamItodoifIcan’tgainentrytothefinal?（4）用于被動語態(tài)，相當(dāng)于should，具有情態(tài)意義Thesebooksofgreatvaluearenottobesold.（5）表示“安排、命令、決定、勸告、意愿、禁止”等IamtosetoutforChinanextweek.下周我要動身到中國去。（安排）Youaretohaveafacetofacetalkwiththem.你應(yīng)該和他們當(dāng)面談一談。（勸告）Childrenarenottosmoke.兒童不準(zhǔn)吸煙。（禁止）三．動詞不定式作表語的兩種特殊用法（1）不定式短語tolet，toblame，toseek等常用主動形式表示被動含義Thehouseistolet.Whoistoblameforthepopulationdeclineofthetigersinthatarea?Thereasonforglobalwarmingisnotfartoseek.全球變暖的原因不難找到。（2）當(dāng)主語部分含有動詞do的某種形式時，作表語的不定式可省略toAnythingwecandoisguaranteeitwillbedeliveredontime.Intheeveningtheonlythinghedidwasreadontheblog.語法訓(xùn)練一、語法填空1．Theyaskedthegovernment(extend)itsperiodofdeliberation.2．Heisalwaysthefirststaff(arrive)attheoffice,whichIthinkiswhyheispromotedsoquickly.3．WhatIsuggestis(purchase)theticketsinadvancefromtheboxoffice.4．Iguarantee(pay)offhisdebtswhenIearnmoney.5．Shebecamethefirstblackwoman(elect)tothemittee.6．Iwillguarantee(prove)everystatementImade.7．Withsomanyproblems(deal)with,Ineedtoworkovertimetomorrow.8．Ithinkweoweittoourfuturegenerations(protect)theenvironment.9．Aseriesofhandsonclassesaredesignedforstudents(acquire)thenecessarylifeskills.10．Thebirdwasluckyenough(escape)beingkilled.11．Hepretended(listen)attentivelywhentheteachercamein.12．Weneedto(analysis)ourresultsmoreclearly.13．Itmadehimangry(laugh)atyesterday.14．Therearefarmoreopportunitiesforyoungpeoplethanthereused(be).15．Howmanytimesdoesthediamondneedto(polish)tobeadelicateartwork?16．(contest)inthegame,hehastofinishtheassignmentthatinvolves(recite)tenpoems.17．Iwassurprised(know)thatthelittlegirlhadreaddozensofbooksatsuchayoungage.18．Ifyoudon’tseizethedaytodevoteyourselftoyourstudies,youarebound(overe)withregret.19．Thegraphforcesyou(realize)whatwearedoingtotheecology.20．Priorto(e)toChina,myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica,withChinesefoodthathadbeenchanged(suit)Americantastes.21．Asasciencestudent,Ineverfeltanurge(appreciate)anyliteraryworks.22．Deepinsorrow,themanwonderedhow(fetch)help,(pace)upanddownintheroomnervously.23．Iwasupset(learn)thatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,thinkingitisfood.24．Playingbasketballservesasthebestway(ease)ourgreatstudypressureandfindsomepleasureatthesametime.25．Iconsider(buy)aputer,whichisconsidered(be)agreathelpinourworkandstudy.26．Toherfrombeinghurt,Imustsaysomethinginher.(defend)27．Theabilityto(accurate)understandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctor(find)howbesttohelpherpatients.28．Insomeremoteregion