黑龍江省七臺(tái)河市第一中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末考試試題含解析

PAGE30-黑龍江省七臺(tái)河市第一中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）答題時(shí)間：120分鐘滿分：150分第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)：閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）AVolunteerOpportunitiesforYoungAdultsWhenyougiveback——tootherslessfortunateorinneedofspecialhelp,youwilldefinitelyfeelgoodaboutyourselfandtheworld.Ifyouhaveawishtobepersonallyconnectedtothecharityororganizationwhereyouaregivingyourtimeandmoney,herearesomevolunteeropportunities.★WatsiFoundedbyChaseAdamsafterabusrideinCostaRicain2011,Watsiisadigitallyfocusedheathnonprofitforyoungadults.Watsioffersreal-timetrackingofwheremoneydonatedgoes,frombasicmedicalservicestosurgeries.★PencilsofPromisePencilsofPromisewasfoundedbyAdamBrauninOctober2008.Itisanon-profitorganizationthatputsallofitstimeandfundsintoeducationinthedevelopingworld.PencilsofPromiseencouragestheirdonorstoconnectwithotherstoincreasedonation.Allthedonationwillbeusedtobuildschools,providesuppliesandtrainteachersinpoorandundereducatedcountries.★ProjectLinusEverywhereyouseeyoungmenandwomenknittingandcrocheting(鉤).Theyareusingthoseskillstomakeblanketsforchildreninneed.Foundedin1995,inDenver,Colorado,ProjectLinusisannon-profitorganization.Itsgoalistoprovidewarmthandsafetythroughblanketstochildrenacrossthenationinneed.TheorganizationisnowledbyCarolBabbitwiththeheadquartersinNormal,IL.★GirlsontheRunGirlsontheRunwassetupin1996inCharlotte,NorthCarolina,withateamof13bravegirls.ProgramfounderMollyBarkerstruggledinherownlife,andcametorealizethatarunningprogramgaveher“respectformybodyandallthethingsitcando”.GirlsontheRunisavolunteeropportunityforteachingyounggirlsaboutthebenefitsofrunning.1.Whichorganizationhasexistedforabout9years?A.Watsi. B.PencilsofPromise.C.ProjectLinus. D.GirlsontheRun.2.HowdoesPencilsofPromisehelptheworld?A.Itsellspencilstopoorstudents. B.Itfocusesonchildren'shealth.C.Itprovidessocialmediaforpoorkids. D.Ithelpsincreaseeducationalopportunities.3.WhichisrightaboutProjectLinus?A.ItwassetupbyCarolBabbit. B.Itsgoalistoteachchildrenhowtoknit.C.Itsuppliesblanketstokidsinneed. D.It'sanall-femaleorganization.4.WhosetupGirlsontheRun?A.ChaseAdams. B.MollyBarker.C.CarolBabbit D.AdamBraun【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章向想做志愿者的讀者列出了四個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，并介紹了四個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的創(chuàng)建時(shí)間，主要的目標(biāo)和運(yùn)行的業(yè)務(wù)。【1題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段“FoundedbyChaseAdamsafterabusrideinCostaRicain2011,Watsiisdigitallyfocusedhealthnonprofitforyoungadults.”可知2011年，由ChaseAdams在哥斯達(dá)黎加乘坐公共汽車后創(chuàng)立了Watsi，是面對(duì)年輕人的數(shù)字化健康非盈利組織。由此可知，2011年創(chuàng)建，如今是2024年，存在將近九年時(shí)間。所以是Watsi存在時(shí)間將近九年，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段“PencilsofPromise：Itisanon-profitorganizationthatputsallofitstimeandfundsintoeducationinthedevelopingworld.”可知，它是一個(gè)盈利性組織，將全部的時(shí)間和資金投入到發(fā)展中國(guó)家的教化中。由此可知，PencilsofPromise將盈利的資金用于幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家建立學(xué)校等，由此可知，這幫助增加了孩子們的教化機(jī)會(huì)。故選D。【3題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段“ProjectLinus：Theyareusingthoseskillstomakeblanketsforchildreninneed.Itsgoalistoprovidewarmthandsafetythroughblanketstochildrenacrossthenationinneed.”（他們正利用這些技能為有須要的兒童制作毛毯。它的目標(biāo)是通過毯子為全國(guó)有須要的兒童供應(yīng)溫溫煦平安。）由此可知，ProjectLinus這個(gè)組織為須要幫助的孩子們供應(yīng)毯子。故選C。【4題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章最終一段“ProgramfounderMollyBarker”（項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)始人MollyBarker）由此可知，MollyBarker是項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)始人，所以是她建立了GirlsontheRun。故選B。BForcenturies,peoplehavemovedtoandlivedincities.Theseurbancentresareplacestofindwork,friendsandfun.It'snosurprisethattheycontinuetogrowasmoreandmorepeoplefloodinhopingtomakethemostofthechancestheyofferbutaddingtothecongestionandpollutionthatalreadyexist.AccordingtoareportbytheUnitedNations,54percentoftheworld'spopulationlivesinurbanareasanditpredictsthatby2050,thisfigurewillhaveincreasedtoaround70percent.Butasmoreandmorepeoplemovefromthecountrysidetothecitytogetbetterchances,theycanendupwithnowheretolive.ThisistrueinplacessuchasRiodeJaneiro,wherethepeoplefromthecountrysidecan'trentorbuyahome,andtheyendupbuildingtheirowncommunitiesandhousesonunoccupiedland.Thesearecalledshantytowns—poorcommunitieswherethehousesarebuiltoutofcheapmaterials—andoftendon'thaveanyelectricityorwatersupply.Theseare,ofcourse,notthefuturecitieswewanttosee.Someseriousurbanplanningisneededtomakeourcitiesofthefuturegood,safeandmodernplacestolivein.Thisinvolvesimprovingthehousingconditions,thechancesforeducationandemploymentandsoon.Somethingurbanplannersarelookingatnowisthecreationof“smartcities”.AccordingtoJohnRossant,founderandchairmanofthenon-profitorganisationNewCitiesFoundation,technologyisthewayforward.Hethinksthatit'sgenerallyacceptedthat“cloudcomputing,ubiquitousInternet,robust5Gnetworksetc,willchangeourcities”.Hesaystechnologyisreally“agamechanger”inurbanization(城市化).Itwouldcollectlargeamountsofdataabouthowacityisworkingandmayimprovehowacityfunctions.5.Whywillalargerpopulationbelivinginacityby2050?A.Becausethegovernmentencouragesthedevelopmentofcities.B.Becausemorepeoplewillhavemorechildren.C.Becausethecountrysidewilldisappear.D.Becausemorepeoplewillmoveintothecitytogetmoregoodopportunities6.Whatcanweknowaboutshantytowns?A.Theyhavegoodqualityhousingbuiltforpoorpeople.B.Theyarefilledwithpeoplelivingunderpoverty.C.Theyarebuiltbythegovernment.D.Theyaredevelopedandmodern.7.Whatnameisgiventoacitythatusestechnologytohelpitfunctionproperly?A.Traditionalcities. B.Futurecities.C.Smartcities. D.Developingcities【答案】5.D6.B7.C【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文中分析了城市人口越來越多的緣由及造成的問題，指出了將來城市發(fā)展的方向?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段Theseurbancentresareplacestofindwork,friendsandfun.It'snosurprisethattheycontinuetogrowasmoreandmorepeoplefloodinhopingtomakethemostofthechancestheyoffer…可知人們認(rèn)為城市是找尋工作、找尋摯友和樂趣的地方。越來越多的人涌入城市，是希望最大限度地利用城市供應(yīng)的機(jī)會(huì)，因此到2050年城市人口將大大增加。故選D?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段Thesearecalledshantytowns—poorcommunitieswherethehousesarebuiltoutofcheapmaterials—andoftendon'thaveanyelectricityorwatersupply.可知棚戶區(qū)是用廉價(jià)材料建立房屋的貧困社區(qū)，這里通常沒有水電供應(yīng)，即棚戶區(qū)里擠滿了貧困的人們。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段Somethingurbanplannersarelookingatnowisthecreationof“smartcities”.……technologyisthewayforward.Hethinksthatit'sgenerallyacceptedthat“cloudcomputing,ubiquitousInternet,robust5Gnetworksetc,willchangeourcities”.可知城市規(guī)劃者現(xiàn)在關(guān)注的是“智能城市”的創(chuàng)建，在智能城市中技術(shù)是前進(jìn)的方向，高科技將變更城市，即運(yùn)用科技幫助其正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的城市就是“智能城市”——smartcities。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題詳細(xì)方法與步驟如下：1.略讀材料，也許了解原文，駕馭中心或主旨。本文分析了城市人口越來越多的緣由及造成的問題，指出了將來城市發(fā)展的方向。2.按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞。如forexample,first,second…等預(yù)料應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)胶翁幷覍ぷ约核氁氖聦?shí)。3.將精力放在找尋你所須要的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)上。快速通篇跳讀，全文掃視，找到細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)出處，待找到含細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)句子時(shí)，放慢速度，細(xì)致核對(duì)比較內(nèi)容，直至找到答案。如小題1依據(jù)第一段Theseurbancentresareplacestofindwork,friendsandfun.It'snosurprisethattheycontinuetogrowasmoreandmorepeoplefloodinhopingtomakethemostofthechancestheyoffer…可知人們認(rèn)為城市是找尋工作、找尋摯友和樂趣的地方。越來越多的人涌入城市，是希望最大限度地利用城市供應(yīng)的機(jī)會(huì)，因此到2050年城市人口將大大增加。故選D。CBreathingdirtyaircancostsomeone'slifespan(壽命)months—evenyears,anewstudyfinds.Worldwide,airpollutionlowersaveragelifespansbyayear.ScientistssharedtheirnewfindingsinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters.Airpollutionhasbeenlinkedtomanyhealthproblems.Mostearlierstudieshaslookedathowtinyairpollutantsaffectedratesofillnessordeath.Butnowanenvironmentalscientist,JoshuaApte,isgoingevenfurther.HeworksattheUniversityofTexas,Austin.Hetogetherwithhisteamislookingatlifeexpectancy,hopingtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.PM2.5iswhatscientistscalltinyparticlesofpollutionintheair.HigherlevelsofPM2.5cancausehealthproblemsandcutmonths,ifnotyears,fromtheaveragelifespan.Thisanalysisshowshowpollutionaffectslifeexpectancyindifferentpartsoftheworld.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendslimitingPM2.5to10micrograms(微克)percubic(立方)meterofair.Apte'sgroupuseddatatotrytofindhowthislowlevelwouldhelppeople.ButmeetingtheWHOstandardwon'tgetridofhealthdamagefromdirtyair.That'sbecauseevenbelow10microgramspercubicmeterpollutionstillcauseshugerisks.Reducingairpollutioncouldincreaselifeexpectancy.Thescientistsalsocomparedhowotherthreatsshortenlifespansacrosstheglobe.Theseriskfactorsincludedsmokingandcancer.Theseresultsshowthatinpoorcountries,cleaningupdirtyaircouldgreatlyincreaselifespans.Itcouldhaveasbiganeffectascleaningupdrinkingwater,orcuringlungcancer.However,inwealthiercountriesairpollutionshortenslifeexpectancybylessthanhalfayear.Allformsofcancer,infact,shortentheaveragelifeexpectancybymorethan3.5years.“Knowingthiscanreallyhelppeople,orpolicymakers,decidewheretospendtheirmoney,”saysKirkSmith.8.WhatisJoshuaApte'steamtryingtodo?A.Letpeopleunderstandairpollutionbetter. B.Knowhowsmallairpollutantsare.C.Studythelifeexpectancyofdifferentpeople. D.Studymanydifferenthealthyproblems.9.WhatwillhappenifonecountrylimitsPM2.5to10microgramspercubemeters?A.Itspeoplewillliveahealthylife. B.Itsairisveryclean.C.ItwillgetaprizefromWHO. D.Itstillhaspollutionrisks.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Canceristheleadingkillerinallkindsofdiseases.B.It'sveryhardtocleanupdirtyairinashorttime.C.Thestudywillhelpdifferentcountriestakedifferentpolicies.D.Reducingairpollutioncanincreaseallpeople'slifespansmuch.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheEffectofCancerIsWorsethanDirtyAirB.AirPollutionIsShorteningLivesWorldwideC.ManyFactorsAreAffectingPeople'sHealthD.GovernmentsAreTryingtoMakeLifeSpanLong【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章闡述了空氣污染會(huì)縮短人類壽命的科學(xué)理論?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段關(guān)鍵句“Hetogetherwithhisteamislookingatlifeexpectancy,hopingtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.”可知，JoshuaApte的團(tuán)隊(duì)希望讓人們更簡(jiǎn)單地，更好地理解空氣污染給他們帶來的威逼。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句“TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendslimitingPM2.5to10micrograms(微克)percubic(立方)meterofair.”可知，WHO建議將空氣中的PM2.5含量限制在每立方米10微克。再依據(jù)本段句子“ButmeetingtheWHOstandardwon'tgetridofhealthdamagefromdirtyair.”可知，即使?jié)M意了這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，人們也無(wú)法擺脫臟空氣對(duì)健康的損害，也就是仍舊存在著污染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段關(guān)鍵句“Theseresultsshowthatinpoorcountries,cleaningupdirtyaircouldgreatlyincreaselifespans.”可知，在貧困的國(guó)家，削減空氣污染能夠很大程度上增加壽命。再依據(jù)句子“However,inwealthiercountriesairpollutionshortenslifeexpectancybylessthanhalfayear.Allformsofcancer,infact,shortentheaveragelifeexpectancybymorethan3.5years.”可知，在更富有的國(guó)家，削減空氣污染對(duì)健康的影響沒有貧困的國(guó)家大，而各種癌癥對(duì)人們壽命的影響更大?？芍?，不同國(guó)家的狀況是不同的。依據(jù)句子“Knowingthiscanreallyhelppeople,orpolicymakers,decidewheretospendtheirmoney”可知，這個(gè)探討成果可以幫助不同國(guó)際依據(jù)國(guó)情制定不同的政策。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和第一段主旨句“Breathingdirtyaircancostsomeone'slifespan(壽命)months—evenyears,anewstudyfinds.”可知，文章主要闡述的是在全世界范圍內(nèi)，空氣污染會(huì)縮短人類壽命的科學(xué)理論。故選B項(xiàng)。DOncewhenIwasfacingadecisionthatinvolvedhighrisk,Iwenttoafriend.Helookedatmeforamoment,andthenwroteasentencecontainingthebestadviceI’veeverhad:Beboldandbraveandmighty(強(qiáng)大的)forceswillcometoyourhelp.ThosewordsmademeseeclearlythatwhenIhadfallenshortinthepast,itwasseldombecauseIhadtriedandfailed.ItwasusuallybecauseIhadletfearoffailurestopmefromtryingatall.Ontheotherhand,wheneverIhadjumpedintodeepwater,forcedbycourageorcircumstance(環(huán)境),IhadalwaysbeenabletoswimuntilIgotmyfeetonthegroundagain.Boldnessmeansadecisiontobite(咬)offmorethanyoucaneat.Andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces.Theyareinnerpowerswehave:energy,skill,soundjudgment,creativeideas––evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize.Admittedly,thosemightyforcesarespiritualones.Buttheyaremoreimportantthanphysicalones.Acollegeclassmateofmine,Tim,wasanexcellentfootballplayer,eventhoughheweighedmuchlessthantheaverageplayer.“InonegameIsuddenlyfoundmyselffacingahugeplayer,whohadnothingbutmebetweenhimandourgoalline,”saidTim.“IwassofrightenedthatIclosedmyeyesandcrazilythrewmyselfatthatguylikeabullet(子彈)––andstoppedhimcold.”Boldness—-awillingnesstogetyourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbegainedovernight.Butitcanbetaughttochildrenanddevelopedinadults.Confidencebuildsup.Surely,therewillbesetbacks(挫折)anddisappointmentsinlife;boldnessinitselfisnoguarantee(保證)ofsuccess.Butthepersonwhotriestodosomethingandfailsisalotbetteroffthanthepersonwhotriestodonothingandsucceeds.So,alwaystrytolivealittlebitbeyondyourabilities—andyou’llfindyourabilitiesaregreaterthanyoueverdreamed.12.Whywastheauthorsometimesunabletoreachhisgoalinthepast?A.Hefacedhugerisks. B.Fearpreventedhimfromtrying.C.Helackedmightyforces. D.Failureblockedhiswaytosuccess.13.WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartinParagraph3?A.Swallowmorethanyoucandigest. B.Developmoremysteriouspowers.C.Actslightlyaboveyourabilities. D.Learntomakecreativedecisions.14.WhatwasespeciallyimportantforTim’ssuccessfuldefenseinthefootballgame?A.Hisspiritualforce. B.Hisbasicskill.C.Hisrealfear. D.Hisphysicalstrength.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toadvisepeopletodevelopmoreabilities.B.Toadvisepeopletobuildupphysicalpower.C.Totellpeoplethewaystoguaranteesuccess.D.Toencouragepeopletobecourageous.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。作者通過摯友的建議告知讀者，要英勇地去嘗試自己沒有把握的事情，我們的實(shí)力比我們想象的還要大?！?2題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段ItwasusuallybecauseIhadletfearoffailurestopmefromtryingatall.可知，作者過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)通常都是因?yàn)槟懬?失敗而沒有去嘗試，故選B?！?3題詳解】語(yǔ)句理解題。依據(jù)本段下文內(nèi)容Andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces．Theyarepotentialpowerswepossess：energy，skill，soundjudgment可知，我們都有比自己意識(shí)到的更大的潛在力氣，甚至包括體力，由此可推斷出此處指"要做略微超出你的實(shí)力的事情"，故選C。【14題詳解】推理推斷題。第四段Admittedly,thosemightyforcesarespiritualones.Buttheyaremoreimportantthanphysicalones.不行否認(rèn)，那些強(qiáng)大的力氣是精神上的，這比身體的力氣還要重要。然后列舉了Tom的例子就是說明白精神的力氣比身體上的更重要，所以精神力氣對(duì)Tom的勝利很重要，故選A?！?5題詳解】目的意圖題。依據(jù)文章最終一段So,alwaystrytolivealittlebitbeyondyourabilities—andyou’llfindyourabilitiesaregreaterthanyoueverdreamed.可知，作者建議讀者去嘗試略微超出自己實(shí)力的事情，這樣就會(huì)發(fā)覺自己的實(shí)力比想象中的還大，所以作者寫這篇文章的目的是激勵(lì)人們更英勇，故選D。其次節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Mostpeoplewillhavetousepubictransportationatsomepoint,sotakethetimetolearnpropermanners.Don'tbeoneofthosepeoplewholeaveotherpassengerscomplaining.Followbasictrafficrules.___16___Thisincludeshallways,stairwells,andotherareaswherethereisaconstantflowoffoottraffic.Ifyoumustpasssomeone,trytodoitontheleft,asyouwouldinacar.Beconsiderateofanyonewhoisdisabledorhasaserviceanimal.Watchyourbelongings.Notonlydoyouneedtoprotectyourbelongings,butyoualsoneedtoprotectothersfromyourbagsandbackpacks.Removeyourbackpackfromyourbacksothatwhenyouturnaround,youdon'tknocksomeoneover.Youshouldneverplaceabagontheseatnexttoyouwhenyouareonacrowdedbusortrain.Putitonthefloor.___17___Holddownthenoise.Don’tinflict(使吃苦頭)yournoiseonothers___18___Don’thavelongcellphoneconversationsuntilyoureachyourstop.Ifyoumustlistentomusic,wearearbudsandkeepthevolumelowenoughsothatonlyyoucanhearit.____19____Doyourbesttomakesureothersdon'thavetodealwithsmellscomingfromyou.Youcanweardeodorant(除臭劑)toremoveorhideunpleasantsmells,butdon'tputontoomuchheavyperfumebeforegettingonacrowdedtrain.___20___Don’tbringunsealedfoodanddrinkonpublictransportation.Smellstravelinsmallspaces.Youalsoriskspillingandcausingadangerousenvironmentwherepeoplemayslipandfall.A.Watchoverenvironment.B.Learnpoliciesaboutwearingfragrance.C.Youshouldstaytotherightasmuchaspossible.D.Thisincludesloudtalking,electronics,andsinging.E.Alwaysshowgoodmannerswhileridingpublictransportation.F.Ifyoudon'twantittogetdirty,placeitonyourlapsootherscansit.G.Youwillnotonlymakesomepeoplefeeluncomfortable,buttheymayalsobeallergictoit.【答案】16.C17.F18.D19.A20.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章中作者向大家介紹了幾個(gè)乘坐公共交通時(shí)應(yīng)留意的禮節(jié)。它們分別是：遵循基本的交通規(guī)定；留意自己的東西；降低噪音；照管好周邊的環(huán)境?！?6題詳解】考查對(duì)上下文的理解及推理推斷實(shí)力。本段的小標(biāo)題Followbasictrafficrules.“遵循基本的交通規(guī)則”，可知本段主要是關(guān)于基本的交通規(guī)則，且下文Thisincludeshallways,stairwells,andotherareaswherethereisaconstantflowoffoottraffic.“這包括走廊，樓梯井，和其他有固定步行人流的地方”可知此處主要是講步行時(shí)應(yīng)遵循的規(guī)則，結(jié)合常識(shí)可知步行時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)是靠右。故C選項(xiàng)“Youshouldstaytotherightasmuchaspossible.”（你應(yīng)當(dāng)盡可能靠右。）符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選C。【17題詳解】考查對(duì)上下文的理解及推理推斷實(shí)力。本段的小標(biāo)題Watchyourbelongings.“留意你帶的東西”，可知本段主要是關(guān)于如何安放自己所帶的東西，上文Youshouldneverplaceabagontheseatnexttoyouwhenyouareonacrowdedbusortrain.Putitonthefloor.（當(dāng)你在擁擠的公交車和火車上的時(shí)候，你不要把你的包袱放在鄰座。把它放在地板上。）接下來F選項(xiàng)提到了如何安放包袱，故F選項(xiàng)“Ifyoudon'twantittogetdirty,placeitonyourlapsootherscansit.”(假如你不想把它弄臟，把它放在你腿上，這樣別人也可以坐下。)符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?8題詳解】考查對(duì)上下文的理解及推理推斷實(shí)力。本段的小標(biāo)題Holddownthenoise.“降低噪音”，可知本段主要是關(guān)于在公共交通工具上，要盡量降低噪音。前句Don’tinflict(使吃苦頭)yournoiseonothers（不要讓別人吃你制造噪音的苦頭），接下來應(yīng)當(dāng)是說明或列舉各種噪音現(xiàn)象，D選項(xiàng)中的this指的是noise，故D選項(xiàng)“Thisincludesloudtalking,electronics,andsinging.”（這包括大聲說話，電子設(shè)備和唱歌。）符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?9題詳解】考查對(duì)上下文的理解及推理推斷實(shí)力。本段的小標(biāo)題Watchoverenvironment.“照管好周邊的環(huán)境”，可知本段主要是關(guān)于照管好周邊的環(huán)境。本文以上出現(xiàn)的小標(biāo)題都是祈使句，且結(jié)合后文Youalsoriskspillingandcausingadangerousenvironmentwherepeoplemayslipandfall.可知本段應(yīng)當(dāng)是關(guān)于公共交通工具上的環(huán)境問題，故A選項(xiàng)“Watchoverenvironment.”（照管好周邊環(huán)境）符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?0題詳解】考查對(duì)上下文的理解及推理推斷實(shí)力。上文Don’tbringunsealedfoodanddrinkonpublictransportation.（不要在公共交通工具上攜帶未封裝的食物和飲料。）以及Youalsoriskspillingandcausingadangerousenvironmentwherepeoplemayslipandfall.（你也有把飲料灑了的可能，并造成滑倒的危急。）可知前面講帶未封裝的食物和飲料的危急，接下來也應(yīng)當(dāng)是講相關(guān)問題。故G選項(xiàng)Youwillnotonlymakesomepeoplefeeluncomfortable,buttheymayalsobeallergictoit.“你不僅會(huì)讓一些人感到不舒適，而且他們也可能對(duì)其過敏?！狈仙舷挛恼Z(yǔ)境，故選G?！军c(diǎn)睛】七選五做題技巧1.詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)顯神功上下文與主題相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)通常會(huì)以原詞、同義詞、近義詞、同根詞或同范疇詞等形式在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。如第4小題線索是詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。本段的小標(biāo)題Watchoverenvironment.“照管好周邊的環(huán)境”，可知本段主要是關(guān)于照管好周邊的環(huán)境。本文以上出現(xiàn)的小標(biāo)題都是祈使句，且結(jié)合后文Youalsoriskspillingandcausingadangerousenvironmentwherepeoplemayslipandfall.可知本段應(yīng)當(dāng)是關(guān)于公共交通工具上的環(huán)境問題，故A選項(xiàng)“Watchoverenvironment.”（照管好周邊環(huán)境）符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選A。值得留意的是，有的題利用詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)解題特別管用，但這并不意味著凡與上句或下句有復(fù)現(xiàn)詞的選項(xiàng)就肯定是正確選項(xiàng)，只是正確的可能性更大，在解題過程中需重點(diǎn)考慮或優(yōu)選考慮而已。是否為正確答案，還得將含復(fù)現(xiàn)詞的選項(xiàng)代入原文，看該選項(xiàng)與上下文是否真的連接，只有上下連接緊密的才是正確選項(xiàng)。2.邏輯關(guān)系很重要語(yǔ)言表達(dá)是依據(jù)肯定的邏輯關(guān)系綻開的。依據(jù)句與句之間的同義、反義、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等邏輯關(guān)系可以推斷出語(yǔ)篇的連接。3.代詞亦管用七選五就是考查上下文之間的連接，而代詞是語(yǔ)篇連接的重要手段之一，故解題中要擅長(zhǎng)利用這一連接手段。如第3小題，是代詞指代線索。本段的小標(biāo)題Holddownthenoise.“降低噪音”，可知本段主要是關(guān)于在公共交通工具上要盡量降低噪音。前句Don’tinflict(使吃苦頭)yournoiseonothers（不要讓別人吃你制造噪音的苦頭），接下來應(yīng)當(dāng)是說明或列舉各種噪音現(xiàn)象，D選項(xiàng)中的this指的是noise，故D選項(xiàng)“Thisincludesloudtalking,electronics,andsinging.”（這包括大聲說話，電子設(shè)備和唱歌。）符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選D。其次部分：英語(yǔ)學(xué)問運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)滿分40分）第一節(jié)：完形填空（每小題1.5分，共20小題，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)ABCD中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答案上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。SantaClausmightnotberealformostpeople.ButforonekidSantaClausis100%realandevenbringshim___21___everyyear.Mr.Hussain___22___tobewalkingpastahouseinhislocalareain2013___23___ayoungboynamedAlfieshouted“Santa”.Notwantingto___24___theyoungboy,Mr.HussaingavehimsomemoneyandthatstartedafriendshipwhichseesHussain___25___Alfieeveryyeartogivehimgifts.He___26___nowcomeoverontheirbirthdays.Alfie's___27___,TracyAshford-Rose,toldBuzzFeedNewsthatChristmaswouldn'tbethe___28___withoutavisitfrom“Santa”.Shesaidthatshe___29___“mylittleAlfieshoutingoutforme,‘Look?It'sFatherChristmas!'”“Hussaingotthree____30____awayandcamebacktoknockonmydoor;hesaidhecouldn'tlivewithoutgivingagiftbecausemylittleboy____31____hewasFatherChristmas,”Ashford-Rosecontinued.“Thiswasfouryearsago,andwestill____32____giftstoeachother.HecomestoseeAlfieandmydaughterHayleyontheirbirthdaysandgivesgifts.Andheneverforgetsthe____33____.“Wenow____34____himGrandadChristmas.Weseehimthroughouttheyear.He____35____Alfie'shandandhugshim.”AmandaTaylor-Smithisaprofessional____36____andthefamily'sformerneighbour.ShewasatAlfie'shousewhenHussaindroppedinlastSunday,andshe____37____theheart-warmingstoryonFacebook.Irarelygeta____38____inmyeyewhenItakephotos,butthatguyjust____39____itforme.IthoughtIhadtotellthat____40____,”shetoldBuzzFeedNews.21.A.talents B.pleasure C.hope D.gifts22.A.proved B.claimed C.intended D.happened23.A.while B.before C.when D.until24.A.disappoint B.puzzle C.frighten D.terrify25.A.lookoutfor B.payavisitto C.payattentionto D.getaround26.A.so B.even C.still D.just27.A.father B.uncle C.mother D.grandpa28.A.same B.only C.opposite D.likely29.A.imagines B.reminds C.figures D.remembers30.A.caves B.routes C.houses D.offices31A.thought B.pretended C.replied D.demanded32.A.measure B.expect C.experience D.exchange33.A.dates B.scene C.promise D.deal34.A.make B.call C.take D.describe35.A.trembles B.shakes C.shoots D.spreads36.A.director B.coach C.photographer D.adviser37.A.wrote B.invented C.told D.shared38.A.tear B.pain C.light D.test39.A.performed B.did C.arrested D.worked40.A.lie B.truth C.story D.event【答案】21.D22.D23.C24.A25.B26.B27.C28.A29.D30.C31.A32.D33.A34.B35.B36.C37.D38.A39.B40.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要記敘了一個(gè)名為Alfie的小男孩把Hussain先生當(dāng)作成圣誕老人，而Hussain先生為了不讓他悲觀，沒有拆穿，而是起先了和Alfie與他家人的一段友情。Hussain先生每年都會(huì)給Alfie送禮物，甚至生日也來探望他們。Alfie的鄰居在Facebook上共享了這個(gè)故事?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但對(duì)一個(gè)孩子來說，圣誕老人是100%真實(shí)的，甚至每年都給他送禮物。A.talents才能；B.pleasure歡樂；C.hope希望；D.gifts禮物。依據(jù)其次段中Alfieeveryyeartogivehimgifts可知男孩每年都會(huì)受到“圣誕老人”送他的禮物。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：2013年，Hussain先生碰巧在路過當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰孔訒r(shí)，突然一個(gè)名叫Alfie的小男孩大叫“圣誕老人”。A.proved證明；B.claimed聲稱；C.intended準(zhǔn)備；D.happened發(fā)生。此處考查短語(yǔ)happento表示“碰巧”。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查連接詞辨析。句意：2013年，Hussain先生碰巧在路過當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰孔訒r(shí)，突然一個(gè)名叫Alfie的小男孩大叫“圣誕老人”。A.while在……期間；B.before在……之前；C.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候；D.until直到。此處為固定句型sb.bedoingsth.when…表示“某人正在做某事，突然……”。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了不讓小男孩悲觀，Hussain先生給了他一些錢，這就起先了一段友情，Hussain每年都去探望Alfie，給他送禮物。A.disappoint使悲觀；B.puzzle使困惑；C.frighten使膽怯 ；D.terrify恐嚇。Alfie把Hussain先生錯(cuò)認(rèn)成了圣誕老人，而Hussain為了不讓他悲觀，就給他了一些錢。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：為了不讓小男孩悲觀，Hussain先生給了他一些錢，這就起先了一段友情，Hussain每年都去探望Alfie，給他送禮物。A.lookoutfor留心；B.payavisitto探望，參觀；C.payattentionto留意；D.getaround到處走走。結(jié)合后文Alfieeveryyeartogivehimgifts可知Hussain每年都去探望Alfie，給他送禮物。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他現(xiàn)在甚至還會(huì)在他們生日的時(shí)候過來。A.so所以；B.even甚至；C.still仍舊；D.just只是。此處表示程度的遞進(jìn)，圣誕老人原來是圣誕節(jié)才來，結(jié)果Hussain甚至?xí)谶^生日的時(shí)候來探望他們。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Alfie的母親TracyAshford-Rose告知BuzzFeed新聞，假如沒有“圣誕老人”的來訪，圣誕節(jié)就不會(huì)一樣了。A.father父親；B.uncle叔叔；C.mother母親；D.grandpa爺爺。結(jié)合后文Shesaidthatshe…mylittleAlfie可推想TracyAshford-Rose是Alfie的母親。故選C。【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Alfie的母親TracyAshford-Rose告知BuzzFeed新聞，假如沒有“圣誕老人”的來訪，圣誕節(jié)就不會(huì)一樣了。A.same相同的；B.only唯一的；C.opposite相反的；D.likely可能的。結(jié)合后文withoutavisitfrom“Santa”.可知沒有Hussain“圣誕老人”的來訪，圣誕節(jié)就不會(huì)一樣（same）了。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她說她記得“我的小Alfie喊著我，‘看！這是圣誕老人!’”A.imagines想象；B.reminds提示；C.figures計(jì)算；D.remembers記得。結(jié)合后文“mylittleAlfieshoutingoutforme,‘Look?It'sFatherChristmas!'”可知是TracyAshford-Rose在回憶Alfie讓自己看圣誕老人的事情。她記得“我的小Alfie喊著我，‘看！這是圣誕老人!’”故選D。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“Hussain跑了三幢房子，回來敲我的門；他說他不能不送禮物，因?yàn)槲业男鹤影阉?dāng)成了圣誕老人。”A.caves洞窟；B.routes路途；C.houses房子；D.offices辦公室。結(jié)合上文可知Hussain是到Alfie家里來探望他們一家人，此處用houses更符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“Hussain跑了三幢房子，回來敲我的門；他說他不能不送禮物，因?yàn)槲业男鹤影阉?dāng)成了圣誕老人?！盇.thought認(rèn)為；B.pretended假裝；C.replied回答；D.demanded要求。依據(jù)其次段中ayoungboynamedAlfieshouted“Santa”.可知Alfie認(rèn)為（thought）Hussain是圣誕老人。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是四年前的事了，我們?nèi)耘f相互交換禮物。A.measure測(cè)量；B.expect期盼；C.experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)；D.exchange交換。結(jié)合后文giftstoeachother.可知此處指交換禮物。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：而且他從來不會(huì)遺忘日期。A.dates日期；B.scene場(chǎng)面；C.promise承諾；D.deal交易。依據(jù)上文HecomestoseeAlfieandmydaughterHayleyontheirbirthdaysandgivesgifts.可知Hussain會(huì)在Alfie和Hayley過生日時(shí)來送禮物，而且從來不會(huì)遺忘他們生日的日期。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們現(xiàn)在叫他“圣誕爺爺”。A.make制作；B.call稱呼，呼叫；C.take帶走；D.describe描述。結(jié)合后文himGrandadChristmas可知是指稱呼Hussain“圣誕爺爺”。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他握著Alfie的手，擁抱他。A.trembles顫抖；B.shakes搖擺；C.shoots射擊；D.spreads傳播。依據(jù)后文Alfie'shandandhugshim.可知是握著Alfie的手，擁抱他。shakehand“握手”。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：AmandaTaylor-Smith是一名專業(yè)攝影師，也是這家人的前鄰居。A.director主任；B.coach教練；C.photographer攝影師；D.adviser顧問。依據(jù)下一段中whenItakephotos可知AmandaTaylor-Smith是一名攝影師。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：上周日，當(dāng)Hussain順道探望Alfie時(shí)，她正在Alfie的家里，她在Facebook上共享了這個(gè)暖和人心的故事。A.wrote寫；B.invented獨(dú)創(chuàng)；C.told告知；D.shared共享。依據(jù)后文theheart-warmingstoryonFacebook可知是指在Facebook上共享了這個(gè)暖和人心的故事。故選D。38題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我拍照的時(shí)候很少流淚，但那個(gè)家伙就是讓我流淚了。我想我必需講這個(gè)故事，”她告知BuzzFeed新聞。A.tear眼淚；B.pain苦痛；C.light燈光；D.test測(cè)試。依據(jù)后文inmyeye可推知是指Hussain和Alfie的故事讓人流淚。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我拍照的時(shí)候很少流淚，但那個(gè)家伙就是做到讓我流淚了。我想我必需講這個(gè)故事，”她告知BuzzFeed新聞。A.performed表演；B.did做；C.arrested逮捕；D.worked工作。上文提到AmandaTaylor-Smith在拍照時(shí)很少流淚，但是Hussain的確做到了讓她流淚。故選B。40題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我拍照的時(shí)候很少流淚，但那個(gè)家伙就是讓我流淚了。我想我必需講這個(gè)故事，”她告知BuzzFeed新聞。A.lie謊言；B.truth真相；C.story故事；D.event事務(wù)。依據(jù)上一段中theheart-warmingstoryonFacebook可知AmandaTaylor-Smith在Facebook講了這個(gè)暖和人心的故事。故選C。其次節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空(共10小題；每小題l分，滿分l0分)從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。41.Aftertheclock_____twelve,thestudentswalkedoutofthelectureroom.A.beat B.hit C.struck D.rang【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：鐘敲了十二下后，學(xué)生們走出了講堂。A.beat表示“連續(xù)地打或拍”，尤指用木棍或其它較硬的東西打有“毆打、擊敗”之意。B.hit表示“有目標(biāo)地打”，著重“打擊”某一點(diǎn)。C.strike表示突然地、一次性地“打；擊”，留下印記等，指急速地或突然地用力打擊或敲擊。D.ring指響鈴，發(fā)出鈴聲。此處指鐘表指針的敲擊用strike，此處是過去時(shí)。故選C。42.AsIheldmyfather’shandsonenight,Icouldn’thelpbut______theirroughness.A.noticing B.notice C.tonotice D.noticed【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查固定句型。句意：一天晚上，當(dāng)我握著父親的手時(shí)，我不由得留意到它們的粗糙。本句涉及到固定句型“can’thelpbutdo”，意為“不得不做某事，不由得做某事”，but后要接動(dòng)詞原形，故應(yīng)用notice。故選B項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】本題句子為一般過去時(shí)，但空格處為固定搭配。在做題時(shí)要留意識(shí)別出句子中包含的固定短語(yǔ)，這時(shí)會(huì)涉及到一些固定用法，不要誤選為notice的過去式。43.Idon’tlikeyouspeaktoher.A.theway B.thewayinthatC.thewaywhich D.thewayofwhich【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我不喜愛你和她說話的方式。先行詞是theway時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用inwhich/that或是不用關(guān)系代詞。故選A。點(diǎn)睛：考查定語(yǔ)從句一要看先行詞，而要看從句的成分，假如缺少主賓表，要用that或which但先行詞是theway的時(shí)候比較特別，要特別對(duì)待。44.Themanwassentencedtoprisonforfiveyearsbecausehehad_____somen