2018年6月英語六級真題（卷二）

2018年6月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題（第2套）

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheimportanceof

buildingtrustbetweenteachersandstudentsYoucanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviewsYou

shouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversationsAttheendofeachconversation,youwill

hearfourquestionsBoththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAfteryou

hearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard

1.A).SheadvocatesanimalprotectionB).Shesellsaspecialkindofcoffee

C).SheisgoingtostartacafechainD).Sheistheownerofaspecialcafe

2.A).TheybearalotofsimilaritiesB).Theyareaprofitablebusinesssector

C).TheycatertodifferentcustomersD).Theyhelptakecareofcustomerspets.

3.A).Bygivingthemregularcleaningandinjections

B).Byselectingbreedsthataretameandpeaceful

C).Byplacingthematasafedistancefromcustomers

D).Bybriefingcustomersonhowtogetalongwiththem.

4.A).TheywanttolearnaboutrabbitsB).Theyliketobringintheirchildren

C).TheylovetheanimalsinhercafeD).Theygivehercafefavoritereviews.

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A).ItcontainstoomanyadditivesB).Itlackstheessentialvitanins

C).ItcancauseobesityD).Itismostlygarbage.

6.A).ItsfancydesignB).TVcommercials

C).ItstasteandtextureD).Peerinfluence.

7.A).Investingheavilyintheproductionofsweetfoods

B).Marketingtheirproductswithordinaryingredients

C).Tryingtotrickchildrenintobuyingtheirproducts

D).Offeringchildrenmorevariabletochoosefrom.

8.A).TheyhardlyatevegetablesB).Theyseidomhadjunkfood

C).Theyfavoredchocolate-coatedsweetsD).TheylikethefoodadvertisedonTV.

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SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfour

questions.BoththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAfteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A).Stretchesoffarmland.B).TypicalEgyptiananimalfarms.

C).TombsofancientrulersD).Ruinsleftbydevastatingfloods

10.A).Itprovideshabitatsformoreprimitivetribes

B).Itishardlyassociatedwithgreatcivilizations,

C).Ithasnotyetbeenfullyexploredandexploited

D).Itgatherswaterfrommanytropicalrainforests

11.A).Itcarriesaboutonefifthofthewordfreshwater

B).Ithasnumeroushumansettlementsalongitsbanks

C).ItissecondonlytotheMississippiRiverinwidth.

D).ItisaslongastheNileandtheYangtzecombined.

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard

12.A).Livingalifeinthefastlaneleadstosuccess

B).Wearealwaysinarushtodovariousthings

C).Thesearchfortranquilityhasbecomeatrend

D).Allofusactuallyyearnforaslowandcalmlife.

13.A).Shehadtroublebalancingfamilyandwork.B).Sheenjoyedthevarioussocialevents

C).ShewasaccustomedtotightschedulesD).Shespentallherleisuretimewritingbooks.

14.A).ThepossibilityofruiningherfamilyB).Becomingawareofherdeclininghealth.

C).ThefatiguefromlivingafastrpacedlifeD).Readingabookaboutslowingdown.

15.A).Shestartedtofollowtheculturalnorms.B).Shecametoenjoydoingeverydaytasks.

C).ShelearntousemorepoliteexpressionsD).Shestoppedusingto-dolistsandcalendars

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwiUhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfour

questionsTherecordingswillbeplayedonlyonceAfteryouhearaquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswer

fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1with

asinglelinethroughthecentre

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard

16.A).Theywi11rootoutnativespeciesaltogetherB).Theycontributetoaregionsbiodiversity.

C).Theyposeathreattothelocalecosystem.D).Theywillcrossbreedwithnativespecies

17.A).TheirclassificationsaremeaningfulB).Theirinteractionsarehardtodefine

C).TheirdefinitionsarechangeableD).Theirdistinctionsareartificial.

18.A).Onlyafewofthemcauseproblemstonative

B).Theymayturntobenefitthelocalenvironment

C).Fewofthemcansurviveintheirnewhabitats

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D).Only10percentofthemcanbenaturalized

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard

19.A).RespecttheirtraditionalcultureB).Attendtheirbusinessseminars

C).ResearchtheirspecificdemandsD).Adopttherightbusinessstrategies

20.A).Showingthemyourpalm

B).Givingthemgiftsofgreatvalue

C).Drinkingalcoholoncertaindaysofamonth.

D).Clickingyourfingersloudlyintheirpresence

21.A).TheyareveryeasytosatisfyB).Theyhaveastrongsenseofworth

C).TheytrendtofriendlyandenthusiasticD).Theyhaveabreakfrom2:00to5:30pm.

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard

22.A).Hecompletelychangedthecompanysculture

B).HecollectedpaintingsbyworlcHamousartists

C).HetookoverthesalesdepartmentofReadersDigest

D).Hehadthecompany'sboardroomextensivelyrenovated.

23.A).Itshouldbesoldatareasonableprice

B).Itsarticlesshouldbeshortandinspiring.

C).Itshouldbepublishedintheworldsleadinglanguages

D).Itsarticlesshouldentertainblue-andpink-collarworkers

24A).Heknewhowtomakethemagazineprofitable

B).Heservedasachurchminsterformanyyears

C).Hesufferedmanysetbacksandmisfortunesinhislife

D).Hetreatedtheemployeeslikemembersofhisfamily

25.A).Itcarriedmanymoreadvertisements.B).GeorgeGrunejoineditasanadsalesman

C).SeveralhundredofitsemployeesgotfiledD).Itssubscriptionsincreasedconsiderably.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanksYouarerequiredtoselectonewordforeach

blankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassageReadthepassagethroughcarefully

beforemakingyourchoicesEachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletterPleasemarkthecorresponding

letterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentreYoumaynotuseanyofthe

wordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage

DidSarahJosephaHalewrite"Mary'sLittleLamb,“theeternalnurseryrhyme(兒酸aboutagirlnamed

Marywithastubbornlamb?Thisisstilldispute,butitsclearthatthewoman26_forwritingitwasoneof

America'smostfascinating27Inhonorofthepoem'spublicationonMay24,1830,he$smoreaboutthe

28_author'slife

Halewasritjustawriter;shewasalsoa29socialadvocateandshewasparticularly30withanideal

NewEngland,whichsheassociatedwithabundantThanksgixdngmealsthatsheclaimedhad“adeepmoralinfluencen

shebegananationwide31tohaveanationalholidaydeclaredthatwouldbringfamiliestogetherwhile

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celebratingthe32festivalsIn1863,after17yearsofadvocacyincludingletterstofivepresidents,Halegotit

PresidentAbrahamLincolnduringtheCivilWar,issueda33settingasidethelastThursda5^inNovemberfor

theholiday;

Thetrueauthorshipof^MarysLittleLamb>,isdisputed.AccordingtoNewEnglandHistoricalSocietyHale

wroteonlyonepartofthepoem,butclaimedauthorshipRegardlessoftheauthor;itseemsthatthepoemwas

34byarealeventWhenyoungMarySawyerwasfollavedtoschoolbyalambin1816,itcausedsome

problemsAbystandernamedJohnRoulstonewroteapoemabouttheevent,thenatsomepoint,Haleherselfseems

tohavehelpedwriteitHowever;ifa1916piecebyhergreat-nieceistobetrustedHaleclaimedforthe35of

herlifethat“Sbmeotherpeoplepretendedthatsomeoneelsewrotethepoenf'.

A),campaignB).career

C).charactersD).features

E).fierceF).inspired

G).latterH).obsessed

I),proclamationJ),rectified

K).reputedL).rest

M).supposedN).traditional

0).versatile

SectionB

Directions:InthissectionyouaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoitEachstatement

containsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationis

derivedYoumaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaletterAnswerthe

questionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2

GrowPlantsWithoutWater

[A].Eversincehumanitybegantofannourownfood,wevefacedtheunpredictablerainthatisboth

friendandenemy.Itcomesandgoeswithoutmuchwarning,andafieldoflush(茂盛的)leafy

greensoneyearcandryupandblowawaythenextFoodsecurityandfortunesdependonsufficient

rain,andnowheremoresothaninAfrica,where96%offarmlanddependsonraininsteadofthe

irrigationcommoninmoredevelopedplacesIthasconsequences:SouthAfricasongoingdrought-

theworstinthreedecades—willcostatleastaquarterofitscomcropthisyear

|B].BiologistJillFarrantoftheUniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfricasaysthatnaturehasplentyof

answersforpeoplewhowanttogrowcropsinplaceswithunpredictablerainfallSheishardat

workfindingawaytotaketraitsfromrarewildplantsthatadapttoextremedryweatheranduse

theminfoodcropsAstheeartKsclimatechangesandrainfallbecomesevenlesspredictablein

someplaces,thoseanswerswillgrowevenmorevaluablez，ThetypeoffanningTmaimingforis

literallysothatpeoplecansurviveasifsgoingtogetmoreandmoredry,“Farrantsays

[C].ExtremeconditionsproduceextremelytoughplantsIntherustyreddesertsofSouthAfrica,steepr

sidedrockyhillscalledinselbergsrearupfromtheplainslikethebonesoftheearthThehillsare

remnantsofanearliergeologicalera,scrapedbareofmostsoilandexposedtotheelementsYeton

theseandsimilarformationsindesertsaroundtheworld,afewfierceplantshaveadaptedtoendure

underever-changingconditions

[D].Farrantcallsthemresurrectionplants(復(fù)蘇植物).Duringmonthswithoutwaterunderaharshsun.

Theywither;shrinkandcontractuntiltheylooklikeapileofdeadgrayleaves.Butrainfallcan

revivetheminamatterofhoursHertime-lapse(間歇性拍攝的)videosoftherevivalslooklike

someoneplayingatapeoftheplant;sdeathinreverse

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[E].Thebigdifferencebetween〃drough1rtolerant〃plantsandthesetoughplants:metabolism.Many

differentkindsofplantshavedevelopedtacticstoweatherdryspellsSomeplantsstorereservesof

watertoseethemthroughadrought;otherssendrootsdeepdowntosubsurfacewatersuppliesBut

oncetheseplantsuseuptheirstoredreserveortapouttheundergroundsupply,theyceasegrowing

andstarttodieTheymaybeabletohandleadroughtofsomelength,andmanypeopleusetheterm

z，droughttolerant"todescribesuchplants,buttheyneveractuallystopneedingtoconsumewater;so

Farrantpreferstocallthemdroughtresistant

[flResurrectionplantsdefinedasthosecapableofrecoveringfromholdinglessthan0.1gramsofwater

pergramofdrymass,aredifferentTheylackwater-storingstructuresandtheirexistenceonrock

facespreventsthemfromtappinggroundwater;sotheyhaveinsteaddevelopedtheabilitytochange

theirmetabolism.Whentheydetectanextendeddryperiod,theydiverttheirmetabolisms,producing

sugarsandcertainstress-associatedproteinsandothermaterialsintheirtissuesAstheplantdries,

theseresourcestakeonfirstthepropertiesofhoney,thenrubber;andfinallyenteraglass-likestate

thatis"themoststablestatethattheplantcanmaintain,“FarrantsaysThatslowstheplants

metabolismandprotectsitsdried-outtissuesTheplantsalsochangeshape,shrinkingtominimizethe

surfaceareathroughwhichtheirremainingwatermightevaporateTheycanrecoverfrommonths

andyearswithoutwaterdependingonthespecies

[G].Whatelsecandothisdry-out-and-revivetrick?Seeds-abnostallofthem.Atthestartofhercareer;

Farrantstudied.recalcitrantseeds（執(zhí)拗性種子）/suchasavocados,coffeeandlychee.Whiletasty

suchseedsaredelicate-theycannotbudandgrowiftheydryout（asyoumayknowifyouveever

triedtogrowatreefromanavocadopit）.Intheseedworld,thatmakesthemrarebecausemostseeds

fromfloweringplantsarequiterobustMostseedscanwaitoutthedry,unwelcomingseasonsuntil

conditionsarerightandtheysprout餞芽）.Yetoncetheystartgrowing,suchplantsseemnotto

retaintheabilitytohitthepausebuttononmetabolisnintheirstemsorleaves

田].AftercompletingherPh.D.onseeds,Farrantbeganinvestigatingwhetheritmightbepossibleto

isolatethepropertiesthatmakemostseedssoresilient（迅速恢復(fù)活力的）andtransferthemtoother

planttissuesWhatFarrantandothershavefoundoverthepasttwodecadesisthattherearemany

genesinvolvedinresurrectionplantsresponsetodrynessManyofthemarethesamethatregulate

howseedsbecomedryness-tolerantwhilestillattachedtotheirparentplantsNowtheyaretryingto

figureoutwhatmolecularsignalingprocessesactivatethoseseecFbuildinggenesinresurrectionplants-

andhowtoreproducethemincrops.z，Mostgenesareregulatedbyamastersetofgenes,“Farrant

says〃We'relookingatgenepromotersandwhatwouldbetheirmasterswitch.〃

DQ.OnceFarrantandhercolleaguesfeeltheyhaveabettersenseofwhichswitchestothrow,theywill

havetofindthebestwaytodosoinusefulcropsmtryingthreemethodsofbreeding"Farrantsays:

conventional,geneticmodificationaridgeneeditingShesayssheisawarethatplentyofpeopledo

notwanttoeatgeneticallymodifiedcrops,butsheispushingaheadwitheveryavailabletooluntil

oneworks.Farmersandconsumersalikecanchoosewhetherornottousewhicheverversion

prevails:〃1mgivingpeopleanoption.〃

UIFarrantandothersintheresurrectionbusinessgottogetherlastyeartodiscussthebestspeciesof

resurrectionplanttouseasalabmodelJustlikemedicalresearchersuseratstotestideasforhuman

medicaltreatments,botanistsuseplantsthatarerelativelyeasytogrowinalaborgreenhousesetting

totesttheirideasforrelatedspeciesTheQueenslandrockvioletisoneofthebeststudied

resurrectionplantssofar;withadraftgenome（基因圖譜）publishedlastyearbyaChineseteam.

Alsolastyear;Farrantandcolleaguespublishedadetailedmolecularstudyofanothercandidate

Xerophytaviscoseatough-as-nailsouthAfricanplantwithliljTikeflowersandshesaysthata

genomeisontheway.oneorbothofthesemodelswillhelpresearcherstesttheirideas一sofar

mostlydoneinthelab一ontestplots

K].Understandingthebasicsciencefirstiskey.Therearegoodreasonswhycropplantsdonotuse

drynessdefensesalready.Forinstancytheresahighenergycostinswitchingfromaregular

metabolismtoanalmost-no-watermetabolism.Itwillalsobenecessarytounderstandwhatsortof

yieldfarmersmightexpectandtoestablishtheplant;ssafety;"Theyieldisnevergoingtobe

high,“Farrantsays,sotheseplantswillbetargetednotatIowafarmerstryingtosqueezemorecash

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outofhigh-yieldfields,butsubsistencefarmerswhoneedhelptosurviveadroughtlikethepresent

oneinSouthAfrica〃Myvisionisforthesubsistencefarmer;〃Farrantsays'Tmtargetingcropsthatare

ofAfricanvalue”.

36Thereareacoupleofplantstoughandadaptableenoughtosurviveonbarerockyhillsandindeserts

37Farrantistryingtoisolategenesinresurrectionplantsandreproducethemincrops

38FarmersinSouthAfricaaremoreatthemercyofnatureespeciallyinconsistentrainfall

39Resurrectioncropsaremostlikelytobethechoiceofsubsistencefarmers

4QEventhoughmanyplantshavedevelopedvarioustacticstocopewithdryweather;theycannot

surviveaprolongeddrought

41Despiteconsumerresistance,researchersarepushingaheadwithgeneticmodificationofcrops

42Mostseedscanpullthroughdryspellsandbegingrowingwhenconditionsareripebutoncethis

processstarts,itcannotbeheldback.

43Farrantisworkinghardtocultivatefoodcropsthatcallsurviveextremedrynessbystudyingthe

traitsofrarewildplants

44Byadjustingtheirmetabolism,resurrectionplantscanrecoverfromanextendedperiodofdrought

45Resurrectionplantscancomebacktolifeinashorttimeafterarainfall

SectionC

Directions：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatementsForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre

passageone

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

HumanmemoryisnotoriouslyunreliableEvenpeoplewiththesharpestfacial-rccognition

skillscanonlyremembersomuch.

l￡stoughtoquantifyhowgoodapersonisatremembering.Noonereallyknowshowmany

differentfacessomeonecanrecall,forexamplebutvariousestimatestendtohoverinthe

thousands-basedonthenumberofacquaintancesapersonmighthave.

Machinesarentlimitedthisway,Givetherightcomputeramassivedatabaseoffaces,andit

canprocesswhatitsees-thenrecognizeafaceifstoldtofind-withremarkablespeedandprecision

Thisskilliswhatsupportstheenormouspromiseoffacial-recognitionsoftwareinthe21stcentury.

比salsowhatmakescontemporarysurveillancesystemssoscary

Thethingis,machinesstillhavelimitationswhenitcomestofacialrecognition.Andscientists

areonlyjustbeginningtounderstandwhatthoseconstraintsareTobegintofigureouthow

computersarestruggling,researchersattheUniversityofWashingtoncreatedamassivedatabaseof

faces-theycallitMegaFace-andtestedavarietyoffacial-recognitionalgorithms(算法)asthey

scaledupincomplexity.Theideawastotestthemachinesonadatabasethatincludedupto1

milliondifferentimagesofnearly700,000differentpeople-andnotjustalargedatabasefeaturinga

relativelysmallnumberofdifferentfacesmoreconsistentwithwha￡sbeenusedinotherresearch.

Asthedatabasesgrew,machineaccuracydippedacrosstheboardAlgorithmsthatwereright

95%ofthetimewhentheyweredealingwitha13,000-imagedatabase,forexample^wereaccurate

about70%ofthetimewhenconfrontedwith1millionimagesThat;sstillprettygood,saysoneof

theresearchers,IraKemelmacher^Shlizerman."Muchbetterthanweexpected,“shesaid

Machinesalsohaddifficultyadjustingforpeoplewholookalotalike-eitherdoppelgangers(長

相極相彳以的人),whomthemachinewouldhavetroubleidentifyingastwoseparatepeopleorthe

samepersonwhoappearedindifferentphotosatdifferentagesorindifferentlighting,whomthe

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machinewouldincorrectlyviewasseparatepeople

“Oncewescaleup,algorithmsmustbesensitivetotinychangesinidentitiesandatthesame

timeinvarianttolighting,poseage,^Kemelmacher^Shlizennansaid

Thetroubleisformanyoftheresearcherswho'dliketodesignsystemstoaddressthese

challenges,massivedatasetsforexperimentatimjustdontexist—atleastnotinformatsthatare

accessibletoacademicresearchers.TrainingsetsliketheonesGoogleandFacebookhaveare

privateTherearenopublicdatabasesthatcontainmillionsoffacesMegaFacescreatorssayit's

thelargestpubliclyavailablefacial-^Ecognitiondatasetoutthere

Anultimatefacerecognitionalgorithmshouldperformwithbillionsofpeopleinadataset,“the

researcherswrote

46Comparedwithhumanmemory,machinescanL

A)identifyhumanfacesinoreefficiaitly

B)tellafrioidfromamereacquaintance

C)storeanunlimitednumberofhumanfaces

D)perceiveimagesinvisibletothehumaneye

47WhydidresearcherscreateMegaFace?

A)Toenlargethevolumeofthefacial-recognitiondatabase

B)Toincreasethevarietyoffacial-recognitionsoftware

C)Toun