2015年考研英語模擬試題

PassageOne

Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnodenying(否認(rèn))thefactthatchildren

spendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbe

ignoredbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestronghelptotheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyor

unconsciouslygoagainstthelearningaims.

Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsinformedofthenewermethodsusedin

schools.Manyprincipalshaveconductedlecturesexplainingsuchmatterasthereadingreadiness

program,manuscriptwritinganddevelopmentalmathematics.

Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportant

roleinenlighteningparents.Theinformalteaandthemanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyear,aswell

asnewwaysofreportingpupil'sprogress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplay

betweenschoolandhome.

Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmeticprocessesnightafternight.In

afriendlyinterIfthefatherfollowstheadvice,itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehis

sonismakingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematics,andatthesametime,enjoyingthework.

Toooften,however,teachers'conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtoprettyaccountsofchildren's

misbehaviors,complaintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionforpunishmentand

rewardsathome.

Whatisneededismorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asaprofessionaladviser,plantsideas

inparents'mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatthechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.

Inthisway,theschoolandthehomejoinforcesinfosteringthefullestdevelopmentofyoungsters/

capacities.(355)

l.Thecentralideaexpressedintheabovepassageisthat

[A]hometrainingismoreimportantthanschooltrainingbecauseachildspendssomanyhourswith

hisparents.

[B]teacherscanandshouldhelpparentstounderstandandfurthertheaimsoftheschool.

[C]therearemanywaysinwhichthemathematicsprogramcanbeimplementedathome.

[D]parentsunconsciouslyhavegoneagainsttheteachingaims.

2.Theauthordirectlydiscussesthefactthat

[A]parentsdrilltheirchildrentoomuchinarithmetic.

[B]principalshaveexplainedthenewartprogramstoparents.

[C]afathercanhavehissonhelphimconstructarticlesathome.

[D]aparent'smisguidedeffortscanbeproperlydirected.

3.Itcanreasonablybeinferredthattheauthor

[A]issatisfiedwithpresentrelationshipsbetweenhomeandschool.

[B]feelsthatthetraditionalprograminmathematicsisslightlysuperiortothedevelopmentalprogram.

Lc],」「

[D]isoftheopinionthatteachersofthisgenerationareinferiortothoseofthelastgeneration.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat

[A]participationininterestingactivitiesrelatingtoasubjectimprovesone'sachievementinthatarea.

[B]toomanychildrenarelazyandhavepoorworkhabits.

[C]schoolprincipalsdomorethantheirshareininterpretingthecurriculumtotheparents.

[D]teachersshouldoccasionallymakehomevisitstoparents.

5.Wemayinferthatthewriterofthearticledoesfavor

[A]afather'shelpinghissonwiththelatter'sstudies.

[B]writtencommunicationstotheparentsfromtheteacher.

[C]havingtheparentsobservelessonswhichthechildrenarebeingtaught.

[D]principalparentconferencesratherthanteacherparentconferences.

PassageTwo

Theimportanceandfocusontheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistis

reflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveral

chapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stress

the“howto“aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,its

contextandimplications.Muchofthe“howto“materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneral

impressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudy

ofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescan

bedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,

butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,

manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalism

havebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsofthe

interviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureabout

interviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureon

interviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,it

seemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,

withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobably

somewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.In

thesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryfor

thediagnosis(診斷)andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejob

interview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,

particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtue

ofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,

especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysisandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.(371)

6.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat

[A]generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersonjournalism.

[B]importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing.

[C]conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportancetojournalisticinterviewing.

[D]personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews.

7.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral

[A]SOthetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened.

[B]thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn'treceivedmuchattention.

[C]butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected.

[D]andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing.

8.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview

[A]butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit.

[B]andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday.

[C]andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit.

[D]butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson.

9.Whoistheintervieweeinaclinicalinterview?

[A]Thepatient.[B]Thephysician.

[C]TheJournalist.[D]Thepsychologist.

lO.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof.

[A]anewsarticle[B]aresearchreport

[C]ajournalisticinterview[D]apreface

PassageThree

Since1975advocatesofhumanetreatmentofanimalshavebroadenedtheirgoalstoopposetheuseof

animalsforfur,leather,wool,andfood.Theyhavemountedprotestsagainstallformsofhuntingandthe

trappingofanimalsinthewild.Andtheyhavejoinedenvironmentalistsinurgingprotectionofnatural

habitatsfromcommercialorresidentialdevelopment.Theoccasionfortheseaddedemphaseswasthe

publicationin1975of"AnimalLiberation:ANewEthicsforOurTreatmentofAnimals“byPeterSinger,

formerlyaprofessorofphilosophyatOxfordUniversityinEngland.Thisbookgaveanewimpetustothe

animalrightsmovement.

Thepost1975animalrightsactivistsarefarmorevocalthantheirpredecessors,andthe

organizationstowhichtheybelongaregenerallymoreradical.Manyneworganizationsareformed.The

tacticsoftheactivistsaredesignedtocatchtheattentionofthepublic.Sincethemid-1980stherehave

beenfrequentnewsreportsaboutanimalrightorganizationspicketingstoresthatsellfurs,harassing

huntersinthewild,orbreakingintolaboratoriestofreeanimals.Someofthemoreextremeorganizations

advocatetheuseofassault,armedterrorism,anddeaththreatstomaketheirpoint.

Asidefrommakingisolatedattacksonpeoplewhowearfurcoatsortryingtopreventhuntersfrom

killinganimals,mostoftheorganizationshavedirectedtheirtacticsatinstitutions.Theresultsofthe

protestsandothertacticshavebeenmixed.Companiesarereducingrelianceonanimaltesting.Medical

researchhasbeensomewhatcurtailedbylegalrestrictionsandthereluctanceofyoungerworkerstouse

designershavestoppedusingfur.

Whilethegeneralpublictendstoagreethatanimalsshouldbetreatedhumanely,mostpeopleare

unlikelytogiveupeatingmeatorwearinggoodsmadefromleatherandwool.Givingupgenuinefurhas

becomelessofaproblem,sincefibersusedtomakefakefursuchastheJapaneseinventionKanecaron

canlookalmostidenticaltorealfur.

Someofthestrongestoppositiontotheanimalrightsmovementhascomefromhuntersandtheir

organizations.Butanimalrightsactivistshavesucceededinmarshalingpublicopiniontopressforstate

restrictionsonhuntinginseveralpartsofthenation.(383)

11.1975wasanimportantyearinthehistoryofanimaltreatmentbecause

[A]manypeoplebegantocallfbrhumanetreatmentofanimalsthatyear.

[B]anewbookwaspublishedthatbroadenedtheanimalrightsmovement.

[C]theenvironmentalistsbegantoshowinterestinanimalprotection.

[D]thetrappingofanimalsbegantogowildallthroughtheworld.

12.Someanimalrightsorganizationsadvocatetheuseofextrememeansinorderto

[A]wipeoutcruelpeople.

[B]stopusinganimalsinthelaboratory.

[C]attackhuntersinthewild.

[D]catchfullpublicattention.

13.Whentheauthorsaysthat“theresultsoftheprotestsandothertacticshavebeenmixed^^(inPara.3),he

meanstheprotestandothertactics

[A]haveproduceddesiredeffects.

[B]almostamountedtonothing.

[C]havesomeinfluenceonthepublic.

[D]haveprovedtobetooradical.

14.Theword“marshaling”(inthelastparagraph)probablymeans.

[A]conducting[B]popularizing

[C]changing[D]outraging

15.Itseemsthattheauthorofthisarticle

[A]isstronglyopposedtotheanimalrightsmovement.

[B]isinfavoroftheanimalrightsmovement.

[C]supportstheuseofviolenceinanimalprotection.

[D]hatestheuseoffakefurforclothes.

PassageFour

Ifsomethingyouhaveboughtisfaultyordoesnotdowhatwasclaimedforit,youarenotaskingfor

afavortogetitputright.Itistheshopkeeper'sresponsibilitytotakethecomplaintseriouslyandto

replaceorrepairafaultyarticlebecauseheisthepersonwithwhomyouhaveenteredintoanagreement.

Complaintsshouldbemadetoaresponsibleperson.Gobacktotheshopwhereyouboughtthegoods,

takingwithyouanyreceiptyoumayhave.Ifyoutelephone,askthenameofthepersonwhohandlesyour

inquiry,otherwise,youmayneverfindoutwhodealtwiththecomplaintlater.

Eventhebravestpersonfindsitdifficulttostandupinagroupofpeopletocomplain,soifyoudonot

wanttodoitinperson,writealetter.Sticktothefactsandkeepacopyofwhatyouwrite.Atthisstage

youshouldgiveanyreceiptnumber,butyoushouldnotneedtogivereceiptsorotherpaperstoproveyou

boughtthearticle.Ifyouarenotsatisfiedwiththeansweryouget,orifyoudonotgetareply,writetothe

managingdirector(，總經(jīng)理)oftheshop.Besuretokeepcopiesofyourownlettersandanyyoureceive.

Ifyourcomplaintisajustone,theshopkeepermayoffertoreplaceorrepairthefaultyarticle.You

mayfindthisanattractivesolution.Incertaincasesyoumayhavetherighttorefusethegoodsandask

foryourmoneyback,butthisisonlywhereyouhavehardlyusedthegoodsandhaveactedatonce.Even

whenyoucannotrefusethegoodsyoumaybeabletogetsomemoneybackaswell.Andifyouhave

sufferedsomespecialloss,forexampleifanewwashingmachinetearsyourclothes,youmightreceive

moneytoreplacethem.Iftheshopkeeperrefusestogiveyoumoney,askforadvicefromyourCitizens

AdviceBureaubeforeyouacceptacreditnotetobeusedtobuygoodsinthesameshops.Insomecases

theshopkeeperdoesnothavetogiveyouyourmoneyback.If,forexample,hechangesanarticlesimply

becauseyoudon'tlikeitoritdoesnotfit.Hedoesnothavetotakebackthegoodsinthesecircumstances.

(398)

16.Theshoppermaymakeacomplaintbecause

[A]hedislikescausingafuss(大驚小怪).

[B]itdoesn'tdowhatisclaimedforit.

[C]thearticleboughtisnotuptostandard.

[D]hewasatfaultinbuyingthearticle.

17.Whencomplainingonthetelephone

[A]youshouldspeakdirecttotheowner.

[B]youmustaskforthemanager.

[C]youmayneverfindoutwhodealtwiththematter.

[D]youshouldfindoutwithwhomyoudiscussthematter.

18.Youcandemandyourmoneybackonlyif

[A]thearticlecannotbereplacedorrepaired.

[B]youhavegonebackimmediately.

Lc]thearticlehasnotgoneupinpricesinceyouboughtit.

[D]thearticlehashadhardwear.

19.Ifashopkeeperwillnotgiveyoumoneyyoushould

[A]takeacreditnoteinstead.[B]refusetoleavetheshop.

[C]askyourofficeforadvice.[D]findoutyourlawfulrights.

2O.Theshopkeepermaychangeanarticleif

[A]hegivesyouyourmoneyback.[B]hethinksitisunsuitable.

[C]itisthewrongsize.[D]hedoesn;tlikeit.

PassageOne

（一）注釋

1.manuscriptn.手稿，原稿

2.enlightenvt.啟發(fā)，啟蒙，教導(dǎo)，授予…知識(shí)，開導(dǎo)

3.illustratevt.舉例說明，圖解,加插圖于，闡明vi.舉例

（-）長難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析

1.{Ifthefatherfollowstheadvice},itisreasonabletoassumethat[hewillsoonrealizehissonis①

makingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematics,andatthesametime,②enjoyingthework.1

整個(gè)句子是狀語從茍，主句的it是形式主語，主語是由非謂語動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)賓語從句。

本句可譯為：如果學(xué)生的父親接受建議，父親很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子在數(shù)學(xué)方面取得滿意的進(jìn)步的同

時(shí)也喜歡干活，這種設(shè)想都是意料之中的事。

（三）答案解析

大意：文章討論教師和家長之間如何共同合作幫助學(xué)生完成學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。

1.B主旨題。文章第一段指出父母對(duì)子女的影響不容忽視；第二段說管理人員知道讓父母了解最新

教學(xué)方法的必要性；第三段說教師可以啟發(fā)家長相互配合；第四段和第五段舉例具體說明家長該如

何配合及其成效；最后指出讓家長好好利用孩子們?cè)诩业臅r(shí)間，只有這樣，學(xué)校和家長才能使青少

年的能力得到全面發(fā)展?？梢娺@篇文章寫的是教師能夠而且也應(yīng)該幫助家長了解學(xué)校教育的目的，

并起到促進(jìn)作用，因此，選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。

2.D推斷題。文章第四段開頭，“比如，假設(shè)父親每天晚上幫助上初中的孩子做算術(shù)題。經(jīng)過一次

友好的面談，老師可以幫助父親將其做父親的天生興趣轉(zhuǎn)化成卓有成效的方法。''由此可見，父親

被誤導(dǎo)的努力可以適當(dāng)?shù)丶m正。

3.C推斷題。文章第六段第一句說，“然而我們卻常?？吹郊议L會(huì)把精力放在報(bào)告孩子行為不端、

抱怨懶惰及學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣不好，以及在家中要實(shí)行獎(jiǎng)懲。''可見，作者認(rèn)為家長可以比目前更有成效。

4.A推斷題。文章第四段第三句說，“父親可以讓上初中的孩子參與討論家庭預(yù)算，買東西，在家

用量尺或量杯，定鬧鐘，旅途中量里程并參與各種以數(shù)學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的活動(dòng)?！痹诘谖宥斡种赋鋈绻?/p>

親按這個(gè)建議行事，他很快就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到孩子在數(shù)學(xué)方面取得了令人滿意的進(jìn)展。由此可見，作者暗

示參與同一課程有關(guān)的活動(dòng)可以提高學(xué)生的成績。

5.D態(tài)度題。文章第二段和第三段以及第六段中，分別提到了校長召開的家長會(huì)在啟發(fā)父母、激

勵(lì)孩子方面所起的正面作用和教師家長會(huì)的弊端。因此可見，作者贊同校長召開的家長會(huì)，而不贊

成教師召開的家長會(huì)。

PassageTwo

（-）注釋

1.acquaintancen.相識(shí)，熟人

2.reflectv.反射,映，表現(xiàn)，反省，細(xì)想

3.journalismn.新聞業(yè)，報(bào)章雜志journalisticadj.新聞事業(yè)的，新聞從業(yè)員的，新聞工作者的

4.indicatevt.指由，顯示，球在，預(yù)爾，霸要，簡要通說明

5.devotedvt.devoted,devoting（與to連用）獻(xiàn)身；專心于…

6.massmedian.大眾彳專播媒體，大眾傳媒，海量媒體數(shù)據(jù)

(-)長難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析

1.Thefact{thatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterview)

seemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.

由that引導(dǎo)的坎耳亮一個(gè)定語從句修飾主語facto

本句可譯為：通常關(guān)于采訪的文藝作品很少涉及新聞采訪這個(gè)事實(shí)，讓人從兩個(gè)方面感到驚訝。

2.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismand

broadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe“howto“aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingrather

thantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontextandimplications.

整個(gè)句子由一些插入語分割開，造成了閱讀上的一定難度。其實(shí)books,journalismandbroadcasting

handbooks,reportingtexts是一個(gè)層次的概念，而“howto“aspects,conceptualaspects,contextand

implications是另一下層次的概念。本句的主語是books,謂語是stress(.

本苞可譯為：大部分書不包括新聞廣播方面的手冊(cè)和報(bào)告文章，或者這些書的幾個(gè)章節(jié)，把重點(diǎn)放

在新聞采訪如何做這些方面，而不是放在新聞采訪的概念方面或放在上下文及其關(guān)聯(lián)上。

(三)答案解析

大意：這是一本書的序言。在新聞采訪領(lǐng)域，許多書都在大談理論，而對(duì)具體操作實(shí)踐卻閉口不提。

6.B主旨題。文章第一段后半部分提到，在新聞界，如同在其他領(lǐng)域一樣，通過對(duì)專業(yè)實(shí)踐進(jìn)行

系統(tǒng)的研究可以學(xué)到許多東西。這種研究可積累證據(jù)，人們可從中形成廣泛的具有概括性的原理。

由此可見，文章第一段的中心思想為應(yīng)重視對(duì)新聞采訪進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究。

7.C細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段第一句說，“但對(duì)新聞采訪本身的研究并未受到重視?！钡诙蔚谒木溆?/p>

說，“不幸的是，這些大量的有關(guān)采訪的論著幾乎忽視了新聞采訪?！庇纱丝梢?，作為一個(gè)特殊領(lǐng)域,

新聞采訪被人們忽視了。

8.D細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第三句說，“然而，我們之中很少有人真正地親自受過大眾媒介的采

訪，尤其是電視采訪?！庇纱丝梢?，西方人雖然對(duì)新聞采訪很熟悉，但是大多數(shù)人都未被采訪過。

9.A推斷題。文章第二段后半部分說，在臨床采訪中，采訪者，即專業(yè)人士只想得到必要的信息

以對(duì)尋求幫助的人進(jìn)行診斷和治療。由此可推斷出在臨床采訪中被采訪者應(yīng)該是患者。

10.D推斷題。文章最后一句說“正如本書中所陳述的?！庇纱丝赏茢喑鲞@篇文章是一本書的前言。

PassageThree

(~)注釋

1.mountvt.發(fā)動(dòng)mountprotest意為"發(fā)起抗議"

2.commercialorresidentialdevelopment指商用建筑、普通住宅開發(fā)

3.giveanewimpetusto意思是"為...注入薪的動(dòng)力”一一、、、

4.Theoccasionfortheseaddedemphaseswasthepublication…受到新的關(guān)注的起因是的出版

5.asidefrom意思是“除了…以外”

6.Thepost1975animalrightsactivistsarefarmorevocalthantheirpredecessors.

本句的意思是“1975年后的動(dòng)物權(quán)利保護(hù)者的呼聲比他們的前人堂高。”

7.picket派出糾察員，在示威期間設(shè)置一個(gè)或幾個(gè)糾察隊(duì)

8.maketheirpoint說服別人癱向自己的觀點(diǎn)

7.curtailv.限制

9....marshalingpublicopiniontopressforstaterestrictionsonhuntinginseveralpartsofthenation.這個(gè)

分句的意思是吟I導(dǎo)公表輿論，盤烈要求國家限制在某些地區(qū)狩瘠，。pressfor意為“迫切要求”。

10.hasbecomelessofaproblem意思是“已經(jīng)不成問題

(-)長難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析

1.①Whilethegeneralpublictendstoagree{thatanimalsshouldbetreatedhumanely),(2)mostpeople

areunlikelytogiveupeatingmeatorwearinggoodsmadefromleatherandwool.本句是由

“While...,...”連接的兩個(gè)今'句組成的并列句，刖一個(gè)句子的主語是thegeneralpublic,that后面的

句子是agree的賓語從句。后一個(gè)句子的主語是mostpeopl