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2017年全國碩士研究生招生考試
英語(一)試題
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD
ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
?Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?②Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!”③_[
helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa_3
ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.?Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou
4_gettingsickthiswinter.
@Inarecentstudy5over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellon
UniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs
6_theparticipants,susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7tothevirus.
?Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8withacold,andthe
researchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32percentofthat
beneficialeffect.(3)11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupport
andreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.
①“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskfbrcoldsthat's
usually14withstress,“notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.②
Hugging“isamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16
difficulty.”
(DSomeexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtotherelease
ofoxytocin,oftencalled“thebondinghormone^^18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,
includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.?Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthe
centrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.③Butsomeofit
19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.
1.[A]Unlike[B|Besides[C]Throughout[D]Despite
2.[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior
3.[A]host[B]view[C]lesson[D]choice
4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep
5.[A]collecting|B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving
6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of
7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted
8.[A]along[B]across[C]down[D]out
9.[A|imagined[B|denied[C]doubted[D]calculated
10.[A]served[B]explained[C]restored[D]required
11.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even
12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests
13.[A]highlighted|B]minimized[C]controlled[D]increased
14.[A]associated[B]equipped[C]presented[D]compared
15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record
16.[A]inthefaceof[B]intheformof[C]inthenameof[D]inthewayof
17.[A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return
18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until
19.[AJvanishes[B]emerges[C]remains[D]decreases
20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.
MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
①Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommending
peopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasingly
massivesecuritylines.
?Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreased
safety,②ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedoverthe
MediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.③Butdemandingtoomuchofair
travelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.@And
itshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.
@Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthat
undercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecurity
nearlyeverytimetheytried.?Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwitharisein
airlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajor
airportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.③Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffective
airlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.
@Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,
sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.②Partoftheissueisthatairportshave
onlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.?Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingto
overpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydispute
this.
?ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushing
tohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.②PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfor
travelersandtheTSA.?Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpedited
screeninglanes.④ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimefor
everyoneinvolved.⑤TheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.
@Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmust
pay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.②Sincethebeginning,thispricetag
hasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.?Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonable
level.④ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheck
enrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.
?TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostof
thetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.②Ilislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.
21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto
[A]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.
[B]explainAmericans'toleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.
[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.
[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.
22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?
[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.
[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.
[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.
[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.
23.Theword“expedited”(Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto
[A]quieter.[B]faster.
[C]wider.[D]cheaper.
24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis
[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.
[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.
[C]thegovernment?sreluctancetobackit.
[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
[A]GettingStuckinSecurityLines
[B]PreCheck—aBelatedSolution
[C]LessScreeningforMoreSafety
[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes
Text2
①“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slast
reigningmonarch,in1897.②StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiian
society.③Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.?Protestshaveeruptedover
constructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisesto
revolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.
①AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedby
someHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.②ButMaunaKea
isalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.?RestedinthePacificOcean,
MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanefsdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallow
telescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.
?OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.②Asmallbutvocalgroupof
Hawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandand
apainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.
?Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.②Intheireagernessto
buildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.③
TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinessto
theislands,inhabitants.?Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoing
arenaissancetoday.
①Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.②
ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesiansto
Hawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.③Callstodisassembleall
telescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyand
Hawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromand
wherewearegoing.?PerhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestaiTyskies,asifansweringaprimal
callingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.
①TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.②The
TMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoid
archaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.③TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,old
oneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.?There
isnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritage
andtostudythestars.
26.QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1indicates
[A]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.
[B]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.
[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.
[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.
27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto
[A]itsreligiousimplications.
[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.
[C]itsgeographicalfeatures.
[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.
28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause
[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.
[B]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.
[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.
[D]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.
29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy
[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.
[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.
[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.
[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians5hostility.
30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof
[A]severecriticism.
[B]fullapproval.
[C]passiveacceptance.
[D]slighthesitancy.
Text3
?RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthatwhich
makeslifeworthwhile.,,②WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalready
predictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.
?ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.
Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.②Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthings
thatdo.③Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,with
recordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.④Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhy
didover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheir
country'seconomicprospects?
@Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingsheds
somelightonthatquestion.?Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorest
performersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforits
citizens.(3)RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,
educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentof
howcountriesareperforming.
?Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistent
themes.?Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkey
indicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.③Yet
thisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.?SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhuge
improvementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.
①Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesole
measureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.
①So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethod
formeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.②Itdoesnot
includeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes一allthingsthat
contributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.
①ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclinein
theeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.②Butpolicymakerswho
refocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoid
theforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.
31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe
[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.
[B]identifiedGDPwithh叩piness.
[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.
[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.
32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that
[A]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.
|B]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.
[C]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.
[D]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.
33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?
[A]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.
[B]Itissponsoredby163countries.
[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.
[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.
34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat
[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.
|B]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.
[C]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.
[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.
35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
[A]Brexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being
[B]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP
[C]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson
[D]GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHeahh
Text4
@Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconviction
ofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.②Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseatthe
ethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobile
fromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.
@Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnelPstrialfailedtotellajurythatit
mustlookonlyathis"officialacts,“orthefomiergovernor'sdecisionson“specific"and“unsettled”
issuesrelatedtohisduties.
?Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintentto
pressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.
①Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnfbropeningdoorsis“distastefiJ”and
“nasty.”②Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapproval
ofacontractorregulation.③Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganevent
isnotan"officialact.^^
①Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.②
Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearof
prosecutionofbribery.€lThebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,“wroteChief
JusticeJohnRobertsfbrthecourt,"assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituents
andactontheirconcems.^^
@Buttherulingreinforcestheneedfbrcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,
toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.?Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesin
providinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesa
campaigndonationorapersonalgift.③Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsin
governmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformation
abouteachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth.
?Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.②Butitisnotalways
corruption.③Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaverage
peopleandthewealthy.@Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety-
thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment—isundermined.⑤Goodgovernancerestsonan
understandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.
①Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficial
favoritism.
36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt
[AlmadenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.
[B]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnelPsduties.
[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnelPsconduct.
[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnelPsethics.
37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves
[A]concretereturnsforgift-givers.
[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.
[C]leakingsecretsintentionally.
[D]breakingcontractsofficially.
38.Thecourt'srulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare
[A]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.
[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.
[C]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.
[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.
39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto
[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.
[B]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.
[C]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.
[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.
40.Theauthor\attitudetowardthecourt'srulingis
[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.
[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.
PartB
Directions:
Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredto
reorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingtheminto
thenumberedboxes.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyouranswersonthe
ANSWERSHEET.(10points)
A.Thefirstpublishedsketch,“ADinneratPoplarWalk”broughttearstoDickens'seyeswhenhe
discovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazine.Fromthenonhissketches,whichappeared
underthepenname"Boz”inTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation.
B.TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,securedDickens's
fame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,Samuel
Pickwick,becameanationalfigure.
C.SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryin
monthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbythethen-famousartistRobert
Seymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,Dickens
successfullyinsistedthatSeymour'spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirst
installment,DickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfeltwasnot
faithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressed
hisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanew
artist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1836
and1837andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.
D.CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelist
ofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer,Dickenscraftedcomplexplotsand
strikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.
E.Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.
Hetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasa
reporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter'seyefortranscribingthe
lifearoundhim,especiallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscure
magazines.
F.DickenswasbominPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritish
Navypayoffice—arespectableposition,butwithlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternalgrandparents,
astewardandahousekeeper,possessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,andDickenslater
concealedtheirbackground.Dicken'smothersupposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.
YettwoyearsbeforeDicken'sbirth,hismother'sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,
nevertoreturn.Thefamily'sincreasingpovertyforcedDickensoutofschoolatage12towork
inWarren'sBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,wheretheotherworkingboysmocked
himas"theyounggentleman."Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfbrdebt.Thehumiliationsofhis
father'simprisonmentandhislaborintheblackingfactoryformedDickens'sgreatestwound
andbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethemeventohiswife,althoughtheyprovide
theunacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction.
G.AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTvvist,hetracesanorphan's
progressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsofLondon.NicholasNickleby,hisnextnovel,
combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightofPickwick.Thepopularityofthese
novelsconsolidatedDickens5asanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanofletters.
DT41.->42.—43.T44.tB—45.
PartC
Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Your
translationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld'sprimarylanguageforinternational
communicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.(46)Butevenasthenumberof
Englishspeakersexpandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemay
fadewithintheforeseeablefuture.
Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculturalchangescouldstarttodiminish
theleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoy
advantagefromthebreadthofEnglishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.Thoserealistic
possibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddol.(47)Hisanalysisshould
thereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionof
Englishissostable【hattheyounggenerationsoftheUni
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