2019考研英語一二真題及答案

2019年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（一）試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C

orDontheANSWERSHEET(10points)

TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsare

availableonoursmartphones.Iofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.But

phones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize,3yougetlostwithout

aphoneoracompass,andyou4cantfindnorth,afewtrickstohelpyounavigate5to

civilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.

Whenyoufindyourselfwell6atrail,butnotinacompletely7area,youhaveto

answertwoquestions:Which8isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?Andwhereisthenearest

watersource?Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.9jf

youheaddownhill,andfollowanyH20youfind,youshould10seesignsofpeople

Ifyou'veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights-youmaybe11

howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.

Another12Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13evenindense

fores,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andother

pathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atmight

canthehorizonfor17lightsourcessuchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglow

oflightpollution.

18,assumingyou'relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19we

leaveonthelandscape.Trailblazestiretracks,andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.

1.[A]Some[B]Most[C]Few[D]All

2.[A]put[B]take[C]run[D]come

3.[A]Since[B]If[C]Though[D]until

4.[A]Formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally

5.[A]backfB]next[C]around[D]away

6.[A]onto[B]off[C]across[D]alone

7.[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar

8.[A]site[B]point[C]way[D]place

9.fA]So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]Besides

IO.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually

11.[A]surprised[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused

12.[A]problem[B]option[C]view[D]result

13.[A]Aboveall|B|IncontrastfC]Onaverage[D]Forexample

14.[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate

15.[A]form[B]through[C]beyond[D]Under

16.[A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks

17.[A]artificial[B]mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited

18.[A]Finally[B]Consequently[C]Incidentally[D]Generally

19.[A]memories[B]marks|C]notes[D]belongings

20.[A]restrict[B]adopt[C]lead[D]expose

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts,AnswerthequestionseachtextbychoosingAB.CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(40points)

Text1

FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.

Startingnextyear.anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayedloyearsiftheirbanks

areunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis"clawback"ruleistoholdbankers

accountableforharmfulrisktakingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution,Yetofficials

alsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyall

corporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism"orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,

saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagaintofclassical

economics,AlfredMarshallindescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike'*Childrenwho

picktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce^^ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeaten

last.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henoteshas

droppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemand

highquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirmseffortstoinvestinIone-termresearch

ortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed''quarterlycapitalism^^.

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequitiesquickeruse

ofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets."Thereseemstobea

predominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting/'saidCommissioner

DanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodefer

performancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreducenshort-termism.

°InitslatestsurveyofCEOpayTheWallstreetJournalfindsthatuasubstantialpart"ofexecutive

payisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage"long-termism,suchaschangesinthetaxcode

andquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompany

investmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimescanmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivesto

thinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders,Britain'snewruleis

aremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformancenotjustfortheshorttermbut

forthelongterm.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe

A.enhancebankers*senseofresponsibility

Bhelpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governmentsimpatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D.Mshort-termismHineconomicactivities

23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe

A.inditedB.adverseC.minimalDtemporary

24.TheUSandFranceexamplesandusedtoillustrate

A.theobstaclestopreventingnshort-termism.

B.thesignificanceorlongtermthinking.

C.theapproachestopromotinglong-termism.

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

Text2

Gradeinflation-thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs(grade-pointaverages)overthepast

fewdecades-isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhich

studentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother,relatedforce-apolicyoftenburied

deepincoursecatalogscalledgradeforgiveness"-ishelpingraiseGPAs.

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,and

themostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatingastudent's

overallGPA.

Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascollegescontinueto

dotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool(andpayingtuition)andimprovetheirgradationrates.

Whenthispracticefirstarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethema

secondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-level

courses.Butnowmostcolleges,saveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,and

evengraduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegrade

itselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramand

gradationwithoutincurringabigpenalty."Untimely,"saidJackMine,OhioStateUniversity's

registrar,"weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterin

subsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime.

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescollegesownneedsaswell.For

publicinstitutionsstatefindsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchas

graduationratesandstudentretentionsobettergradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,mean

moremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudentswho,attheendoftheday

arepayingthebill-feelthey'vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbig

concernforcolleges.

Indeedgradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers'

expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadtoa

job,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltoturnoutgradateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible-or

atleastappeartobe.Onthis,students*andcolleges,incentivesseemtobealigned.

26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?

A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.

B.StudentsindifferencetoGPAS.

CCollegesneglectofGPAS.

D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.

27.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness

A.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.

B.Tomaintaincollegesgraduationrates.

C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

D.Toincreaseuniversities9incomefromtuition.

28.AccordingtoParagraph5.gradeforgivenessenablescolleges

A.obtainmorefinancialsupport.

B.boosttheirstudentenrollments.

C.improvetheirteachingquality.

D.meetlocalgovernments9needs.

29.Whatdoesthephrase"tobealigned^(Line5.Para.6)mostprobablymean?

A.Tocounterbalanceeachother

B.Tocomplementeachother.

C.Tobeidenticalwitheachother

D.Tobecontradictorytoeachother.

30.Theauthorexaminesthepracticeofgradeforgivenessby

Aassessingitsfeasibility

B.analyzingthecausesbehindit.

C.comparingdifferentviewsonit.

D.listingitslong-runeffects

Text3

ThisyearmarksexactlytwocenturiessincethepublicationofFrankenstein,or.TheModem

PrometheusbyMaryShelley.Evenbeforetheinventionoftheelectriclightbulb,theauthor

producedaremarkableworkofspeculativefictionthatwouldforeshadowmanychicalquestions

toberaisedbytechnologiesyettocome.

Todaytherapidgrowthofartificialintelligence(An)raisesfundamentalquestions:"Whatis

intelligence,identity,orconsciousness?whatmakeshumanshumans?

Whatisbeingcalledartificialgeneralintelligence,machinesthatwouldimitatetheway

humansthinkcontinuestoevadescientists.Yethumansremainfascinatedbytheideaofrobots

thatwouldlook,move,andrespondlikehumans,similartothoserecentlydepictedonpopular

sci-fiTvseriessuchasnWestworldand,'HumansM.

Justhowpeoplethinkisstillfartoocomplextobeunderstoodletalonereproduced,says

DavidEagleman,aStanfordUniversityneuroscientist,"Wearejustinasituationwherethereare

nogoodtheoriesexplainingwhatconsciousnessactuallyisandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachine

togetthere.”

Butthatdoesn'tmeancrucialethicalissuesinvolvingAlaren'tathand.Thecominguseof

autonomousvehicles,forexampleposesthornyethicalquestions.Humandriverssometime

makesplit-seconddecisions.Theirreactionsmaybeacomplexcombinationofinstantreflexes,

inputfrompastdrivingexperiences,andwhattheireyesandearstelltheminthatmoment.AI

nvision"todayisnotnearlyassophisticatedasthatofhumans.Andtoanticipateeveryimaginable

drivingsituationisadifficultprogrammingproblem.

Wheneverdecisionsarebasedonmassesofdata,"youquicklygetintoalotofethical

questions,"notesTanKiatHow,chiefexecutiveofaSingapore-basedagencythatishelpingthe

governmentdevelopavoluntarycodefortheethicaluseofAl.AlongwithSingapore,other

governmentsandmega-corporationsarebeginningtoestablishtheirownguidelines.Britainis

settingupadataethicscenter.IndiareleaseditsAlethicsstrategythisspring.

OnJune7GooglepledgednottoudesignordeployAr"thatwouldcausenoverallharm,nor

todevelopAl-directedweaponsoruseAlforsurveillancethatwouldviolateinternationalnorms.

ItalsopledgednottodeployAIwhoseusewouldviolateinternationallawsorhumanrights.

Whilethestatementisvague,itrepresentsonestartingpoint,Sodoestheideathatdecisions

madebyAlsystemsshouldbeexplainable,transparent,andfair.

Toputitanotherway.Howcanwemakesurethatthethinkingofintelligentmachinesreflects

humanity'shighestvalues?OnlythenwilltheybeusefulservantsandnotFrankenstein'sout-of-

controlmonster.

31.MaryShelley'snovelFrankensteinismentionedbecause

A.fascinatesAlscientistsallovertheworld

B.hasremainedpopularforaslongas200years.

C.involvessomeconcernsraisedbyAltoday

D.hassparkedseriousethicalcontroversies

32.InDavidEagleman'sopinion,ourcurrentknowledgeofconsciousness

A.helpsexplainartificialintelligence.

B.canbemisleadingtorobotmaking

C.inspirespopularsci-fiTVseries

D.istoolimitedforustoreproduceit

33?Thesolutiontotheethicalissuesbroughtbyautonomousvehicles

A.canhardlyeverbefound.

B.isstillbeyondourcapacity

C.causeslittlepublicconcern

D.hasarousedmuchcuriosity

34.TheauthorsattitudetowardGoogle'spledgesisoneof

A.AffirmationB.skepticismC.contemptD.respect

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AFsFuture:IntheHandsofTechgiants

B.Frankenstein,theNovelPredictingtheAgeofA

C.TheConscienceofAl:ComplexButInevitable

D.AIShallBeKillersonceoutofControl

Text4

Stateswillbeabletoforcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonlinepurchases

underaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythatwillleaveshopperswithlighterwalletsbutisabig

financialwinforstates.

TheSupremeCourtsopinionThursdayoverruledapairofdecades-olddecisionsthatstates

saidcostthembillionsofdollarsinlostrevenueannually.Thedecisionsmadeitmoredifficultfor

statestocollectsalestaxoncertainonlinepurchases.

Thecasesthecourtoverturnedsaidthatifabusinesswasshippingacustomerspurchasetoa

statewherethebusinessdidn'thaveaphysicalpresencesuchasawarehouseoroffice,the

businessdid*thavetocollectsalestaxforthestate.Customersweregenerallyresponsiblefor

payingthesalestaxtothestatethemselvesiftheyweren'tchargedit,butmostdidn'trealizethey

oweditandfewpaid.

JusticeAnthonyKennedywrotethatthepreviousdecisionswereflawed.Eachyearthe

physicalpresencerulebecomesfurtherremovedfromeconomicrealityandresultsinsignificant

revenuelossestotheStates."hewroteinanopinionjoinedbyfourotherjustices,Kennedywrote

thattherulelimitedstatesabilitytoseeklong-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarket

participantsfromcompetingonanevenplayingfield.”

Therulingisavictoryforbigchainswithapresenceinmanystates,sincetheyusually

collectsalestaxononlinepurchasesalreadyNow,rivalswillbechargingsalestaxwherethey

hadn'tbefore,Bigchainshavebeencollectingsalestaxnationwidebecausetheytypicallyhave

physicalstoresinwhateverstateapurchaseisbeingshippedto.Amazon.com.withitsnetworkof

warehousesalsocollectssalestaxineverystatethatchargesit,thoughthird-partysellerswhouse

thesitedon'thaveto.

Untilnow,manysellersthathaveaphysicalpresenceinonlyasinglestateorafewstates

havebeenabletoavoidchargingsalestaxeswhentheyshiptoaddressesoutsidethosestates

SellersthatuseeBayandEtsy.whichprovideplatformsforsmallersellers,alsohat

collectingsalestaxnationwide.UndertherulingThursday,statescanpasslaws

out.,statesellerstocollectthestate'ssalestaxfromcustomersandsendittothestale

Retailtradegroupspraisedtheruling,sayingitlevelstheplayingfieldforlocalandonline

businesses.Thelosers,saidretailanalystNeilSaunders,areonline-onlyretailersespecially

smallerones.Thoseretailersmayfaceheadachescomplyingwithvariousstatesalestaxlaws.The

SmallBusinessEntrepreneurshipCounciladvocacygroupsaidinastatementuSmall

businessesandinternetentrepreneursarenotwellservedatallbythisdecision.

36.TheSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaywill

A.Dettebusinessrelationswithstates

B.putmostonlinebusinessinadilemma

C.makemoreonlineshopperspaysulestax

D.forcesomesatestoctsalestax

37.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph2and3thattheoverruleddecisions

A.haveledtothedomainanceofe-commerce

B.havecostconsumersalotovertheyears

C.werewidelycriticizedbyonlinepurchase

D.wereconsiderunfavorablebystates

38.AccordingtoJusticeAnthonyKennedy,thephysicalpresencerulehas

A.hinderedeconomicdevelopment

B.broughtprosperitytothecountry

C.harmedfairmarketcompetition

D.Boostedgrowthinstates,revenue

39.WhoaremostlikelytowelcometheSupremeCourtruling

A.Internetentrepreneurs

B.Big-chairowners

B.Third-partysellers

D.Smallretailers

40.IndealingwiththeSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaytheauthor

A.givesafactualaccountofitanddiscussesitsconsequences

B.describesthelongandcomplicatedprocessofitsmaking

C.presentsitsmainpointswithconflictingviewsonthem

D.citiessomesacesrelatedtoitandanalyzestheirimplications

PartB

Directions.

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45.youarerequired

toreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfilling

thenintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyour

answersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument-notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyour

opponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningabouttheissuesthatdividepeoplelearningwhythey

disagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewof

arguments-fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgain

mutualrespect,andunderstanding-thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto”win“an

argument.

B.Ofcourse,manydiscussionsarenotsosuccessful.Still,weneedtobecarefulnottoaccuse

opponentsofbadargumentstooquickly.Weneedtoleanhowtoevaluatethemproperly.Alarge

partofevaluationiscallingoutbadarguments,butwealsoneedtoadmitgoodargumentsby

opponentsandtoapplythesamecriticalstandardstoourselves.Humilityrequiresyoutorecognize

weaknessinyourownargumentsandsometimesalsotoacceptreasonsontheoppositeside.

C.NoneofthesewillbeeasybutyoucanstartevenifothersrefusetoNexttimeyoustateyour

position,formulateanargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryour

argumentisanygood.Nexttimeyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyoua

reasonfortheirviewSpellouttheirargumentfullyandcharitably.Assessitsstrengthimpartially.

Raiseobjectionsandlistencarefullytotheirreplies.

D.Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswerefights,whichishowweoftenthinkofthem.Like

physicaltights,verbalfightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupno

betteroff.Yourprospectswouldbealmostasdismalifargumentswereevenjustcompetitionslike.

Say,tennisgames.Pairsofopponentshittheballbackandforthuntilonewinneremergesfromall

whoentered.Everybodyelseloses.Thiskindofthinkingiswhysomanypeopletrytoavoid

arguments,especiallyaboutpoliticsandreligion.

E.Inhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:"Thereis

onlyoneway.togetthebestofanargument-andthatistoavoidit.nThisaversiontoargumentsis

common,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesprofoundproblemsforour

personalandsociallives-andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.

F.Theseviewsofargumentsalsounderminereason.Ifyouseeaconversationasafightor

competition.youcanwinbycheatingaslongasyoudongocaught.Youwillbehappyto

convincepeoplewithbadarguments.Youcancalltheirviewsstupidorjokeabouthowignorant

theyare.Noneofthesetrickswillhelpyouunderstandthem,theirpositionsortheissuesthat

divideyou,buttheycanhelpyouwin-inoneway.

G.Thereisabetterwaytowinarguments.Imaginethatyoufavorincreasingtheminimumwage

inourstate,andIdonot.Ifyouyell,"Yes,"andIyell.uNo,"neitherofuslearnsanything.We

neitherunderstandnorrespecteachother,andwehavenobasisforcompromiseorcooperation.In

contrast,supposeyougiveareasonableargument:thatfull-timeworkersshouldnothavetolivein

poverty.ThenIcounterwithanotherreasonableargument:thatahigherminimumwagewillforce

businessestoemployfewerpeopleforlesstime.Nowwecanunderstandeachother'spositionsand

recognizeoursharedvalues,sincewebothcareaboutneedyworkers.

41-42-F-43-44-C-45

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.

YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(1()points)

ItwasonlyafterIstartedtowriteaweeklycolumnaboutthemedicaljournals,andbeg

readscientificpapersfrombeginningtoendthatIrealizedjusthowbadmuchofthemedical

literaturefrequencywas,Icametorecognizevarioussinsofabadpaper:thekindof

paperthatpuiportstoshowthatpeoplewhoestmorethanonekiloofbroccoliaweek

were1.17timesmorelikelythanthosewhoeatlesstosufferlateinlifefrompernicious

anaemia.46.Thereisagreatdealofthiskindofnonsenseinthemedicaljournalswhich,

whentakenupbybroadcastersandthelaypress,generatebothhealthscoresandshort-

liveddietaryenthusiasms.

Whyissomuchbadsciencepublished?Arecentpaper,titled“TheNatural

SelectionofBadScience”,publishedontheRoyalSociety'sopensciencewebsite,

attemptstoanswerthisintriguingandimportantquestion.Itsaysthattheproblemis

notmerelythanpeopledobadscience,butthanoutcurrentsystemofcareer

advancementpositivelyencouragesit.whatisimportantisnottruth,butinflationary

processatwork:(47)Nowadaysanyoneapplyingforaresearchposthastohave

publishedtwicethenumberofpapersthanwouldhavebeenrequiredfbrthesamepost

only10yearsago.Nevermindthequality,thencountthenumber.(48)Attemptshave

beenmadetocurdthistendency,forexamplebytryingtoincorporatesomemeasureof

qualityaswellasquantityintotheassessmentofanapplicant'spapers.Thisisthe

famedcitationindex,thatistosaythenumberoftimesapaperhasbeenquotedelse

whereinthescientificliteraturetheassumptionbeingthatanimportantpaperwillbe

citedmoreoftenthanoneofsmallaccount.(49)Thiswouldbereasonableifitwerenot

forthefactthatscientistcaneasilyarrangetocitethemselvesintheirfuturepublicator

getassociatestodosofortheminreturnforsimilarfavours.

BoilingdownanindividuaPsoutputtosimplemetrics,suchasnumberof

publicationsorjournalimpacts,entailsconsiderablesavingintime,energyand

ambiguity.Unfortunatethelong-termcostsofusingsimplequantitativemetricsto

assessresearchermeritarelikelytobequitegreat.(50)Ifwea】eseriousaboutensuring

thatourscienceisbothmeaningfulandreproducible,wemustensurethatour

institutionsencouragethatkingofscience.

SectionIII:Writing

PartA

Directions:

Supposeyouareworkingforthe“aidingRuralPrimarySchool^projectofyour

university.Writeanemailtoanswertheinquiryfromaninternationalstudent

volunteer,specifyingthedetailsoftheproject.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET

Donotuseyourownnameintheemail,use"LiMing^instead.

(10points)

PartB

Directions:

Writeanessayof160-270wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,you

should:

(1)describethepicturebriefly

(2)Interprettheimpliedmeaning,and

(3)Giveyourcomments

WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET

(20points)

途中

英語一參考答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA、B,

CorDontheANSWERSHEET(10points)

l.C2.C3.B4,D5.A

6.B7.D8.C9,A10.D

11.A12.B13.D14.C15.B

16.D17.A18.D19.B20,C

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts,AnswerthequestionseachtextbychoosingAB.CorI).

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(40points)

Text1

21.A22.D23.B24.C25.B

Text2

26.D27.A28.A29.C30.B

Text3

31.C32.D33.B34.A35.C

Text4

36.C37.D38.D39.B40.D

PartB

Directions.

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45.youarerequired

to

reorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfilling

thenintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyour

answersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

41.E42.D43.G44.B45.A

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.

YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontlieANSWERSHEET.(10points)

46.【參考譯文】在醫(yī)學(xué)雜志上有很多這樣的無稽之談，如果廣播公司和非專業(yè)媒體報道這

些無稽之談，那么就會引起健康恐慌和短暫的飲食狂熱。

47.【參考譯文】如今，任何想申請研究職位的人都必須已經(jīng)發(fā)表了兩倍的論文數(shù)量，這樣

的數(shù)量要求只有十年前申請同一職位時才是如此。

48.【參考譯文】例如，有人已經(jīng)在評估申請人的論文時，嘗試除了納入關(guān)于數(shù)址的衡量標(biāo)

準(zhǔn)以外，還納入有關(guān)質(zhì)量的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以此來多次試圖遏制這種趨勢。

49.【參考譯文】如果科學(xué)家不能很輕易地在他們未來的出版物中引用他們自己的論文，或

者讓合伙人為他們這樣去做，以換取類似的好處，那么這種引用索引將會是合理的。

50.【參考譯文】如果我們真的想確保我們的科學(xué)是有意義和可再生的，我們必須確保我們

的院校鼓勵這種科學(xué)。

SectionIII:Writing

PartA

Directions:

SupposeyouHITworkingforthe“aidingRumiPrimarySchool"projectofyour

university.Writeanemailtoanswertheinquiryfromaninternationalstudent

voluiiteer,specifyingthedetailsoftheproject.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET

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