山東省棗莊市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題

2022～2023學(xué)年高中教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測高二英語試題注意事項：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Wherewillthemanprobablymeetthewomantomorrow?A.Atthelibrary.B.Onthebasketballcourt.C.Intheclassroom.2.Whatdoesthemanregretaboutthetriptothemuseum?A.Thesubjectofit.B.Theexhibitionshowninit.C.Thelengthoftimehevisitedit.3.Whywon’tthewomangotoSteven’sparty?A.She’llentertainrelatives.B.She’llgotoheraunt’splace.C.She’llgoforadrivewithherparents.4.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Leavehome.B.Makeaplan.C.Havelunch.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Astore.B.Adress.C.Asale.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdidthewomanfeelabouttheweekend?A.Satisfied.B.Bored.C.Tired.7.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Cousins.C.Classmates.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatcolorofsweaterdoesthemanwant?A.Red.B.Green.C.Black.9.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Tryonasweater.B.Paythebill.C.Askforanothersize.10.Howmuchtaxwillthemanpay?A.$3.20.B.$8.C.$11.20.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whywasthebigconferenceheld?A.Tofinishthegroupwork.B.Toshareworkexperience.C.Toencouragepeopletotravel.12.Howdidtheprojecthelpthewoman?A.Itlethergainreallifeexperience.B.Ithelpedherdevelopherpersonality.C.Itallowedhertomeetdifferentpeople.13.Whatdoesthewomanmeanintheend?A.Sheasksthemantodovolunteerwork.B.Sheinvitesthemantotravelabroad.C.Sheexpressesheradmiration.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.WhywillthewomangotoMontreal?A.Toattendawedding.BTotouraroundthecity.C.Tovisitafriend.15.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.VisitQuebecCity.B.PracticeFrench.C.Dosomesightseeingfirst.16.WhatisQuebecCityfamousfor?A.Ariver.B.Thewinterscene.C.Historicalbuildings.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whoisthespeakerpossiblytakingto?A.Apotentialclient.B.Atravelguide.C.Agoodfriend.18.Howmanywalksareofferedeachday?A.Two.B.Three.C.Twelve.19.WhatdoesTraveliteguaranteetodo?A.Neverchargeextramoney.B.Providedoubleroomsonly.C.Organizeentertainmenteveryothernight.20.Whyaretablessharedfordinner?A.Toofferentertainment.B.Toletpeopleknoweachother.C.Tocreateafamilyatmosphere.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AManypeoplearealittlescaredbytheterm“mountainbiking”becausetheythinkitimpliestheneedforextremephysicalfitnessorsomekindofdeathwish.Butinactualfacttherearedifferentformsofmountainbiking,someofwhichprovideagreatchancetogetoutinthegreatoutdoorsandenjoythemainattractionthatbringspeopletoNewZealandthebeautyofnature.DownhillMountainBikingDownhillmountainbikingisoneofthecraziestsportinNewZealand,andtheonewhichwilllikelyappealmosttoNewZealandadventuretraveltourists.Itcanbeextremelydangerous.Ifyouhaven’ttrieditbefore,sticktoasmalltrackwithoutasteepincline,andmakesureyouwearthecorrectsafetygearsuchasahelmetandchestplate.LongDistanceMountainBikingManyNewZealanderstreatmountainbikingasaserioussportandmanyalsouseitastheirprimarywayofkeepingfit.paredtomanyothercountries,acrosscountrytourbybikeisrelativelyeasyandsafeonNewZealandroads.However,ifyouwanttopushyourselfphysicallyandexperiencepartsofNewZealandwhichare“offthebeatentrail,”amountainbiketrekmaybeidealforyou.ScenicMountainBikingYoucanexperiencethefreedomofmountainbikingthroughtheNewZealandlandscapeevenifyouaren’tparticularlyadventurousorfit.Infact,ifyouhavethetime,bikingisoneofthebestwaystoseethecountry.Youcangetatasteofsomeoftheeasier,flattertrailsthroughtheNationalParksandforests.Thewinegrowingregionsarealsogoodareasforguidedscenicbiketours.Theseareastendtoberelativelyflatandhaveagoodclimateforenjoyingsomeopenoutdoors.1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofmountainbiking?A.It’sawayofkeepingfit.B.It’saverydangeroussport.C.It’sagoodwayofsightseeing.D.It’shighlyphysicallydemanding.2.WhichbestsuitsyouifyouintendtoenjoytheNewZealandlandscape?A.Amountainbikerace.B.Scenicmountainbiking.C.Downhillmountainbiking.D.Longdistancemountainbiking.3.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermightyoufindthetext?A.Sport. B.Advertisement. C.Lifestyle. D.Travel.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾條不同的山地自行車觀光路線?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Butinactualfacttherearedifferentformsofmountainbiking,someofwhichprovideagreatchancetogetoutinthegreatoutdoorsandenjoythemainattractionthatbringspeopletoNewZealandthebeautyofnature.(但事實(shí)上，山地自行車有不同的形式，其中一些提供了一個很好的機(jī)會到戶外去享受把人們帶到新西蘭的主要吸引力——自然之美)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為山地自行車是一種很好的觀光方式。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“YoucanexperiencethefreedomofmountainbikingthroughtheNewZealandlandscapeevenifyouaren’tparticularlyadventurousorfit.(即使你不是特別喜歡冒險或健康，你也可以在新西蘭的風(fēng)景中體驗(yàn)山地自行車的自由)”可知，如果你想欣賞新西蘭的風(fēng)景，Scenicmountainbiking這條路線最適合你。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Butinactualfacttherearedifferentformsofmountainbiking,someofwhichprovideagreatchancetogetoutinthegreatoutdoorsandenjoythemainattractionthatbringspeopletoNewZealandthebeautyofnature.(但事實(shí)上，山地自行車有不同的形式，其中一些提供了一個很好的機(jī)會到戶外去享受把人們帶到新西蘭的主要吸引力——自然之美)”和下文中介紹的三條路線可知，文章主要介紹了幾條不同的山地自行車觀光路線。由此推知，文章最有可能出自報紙的旅行版塊。故選D。BKamisiAdetunji,a17yearoldstudentfromNorthCarolina,ismakingheadlineswithherscienceprojectthataimstotacklemunityhealthandsafetyrisks.Herprojectaimstoimprovetreatmentforsicklecelldisease(鐮狀細(xì)胞貧血).Thisgeneticdiseasecausesredbloodcellstosickle,makingitharderforthosecellstocarryoxygenthroughoutthebody.Naturalpoundscalledflavonoidswereknowntoreducesicklecells.Bychangingthechemicalstructureofflavonoidsextractedfromfruits,Adetunjiwasabletoimprovetheirantisicklingpowers.Adetunji’sinspirationfortheprojectcamefromherpersonalexperience.“MyfamilyisNigerian,”Adetunjisaid.“OnedayIwaswalkingwithmymom,andweweretalkingaboutafamilyfriendwhowascurrentlybattlingsicklecelldisease.Andshetoldmeaboutallthepeoplebackhomethatsheknewwhohaditorhavepassedfromit.”Whenhavingtheopportunitytodoresearchatschool,sheimmediatelyknewthatshewantedtostudysicklecelldisease.ThebiggestchallengeAdetunjifacedwasthatshehadnoexperiencewithascienceprojectlikethis.Shehadtotrustinherselfandbelievethatshewouldbeabletofinishthisprojectandcontinuetryingdifferentthingswhenhermethodsatfirstweren’tworking.What’snextforAdetunji?Sheplanstocontinuetheresearchonsicklecelldisease.“Istillwanttodomedicinalchemistryresearch,especiallywithotherdiseasesthataffectminoritymunities.IfyouaskedmetwoyearsagoifIwouldbedoingthisresearch...Iwouldhavebeenlike,”Adetunjisaid.“Ithinkthemostimportantthingistojusttrustthatyou’recapableofalotmorethanyouthinkyouare.”4.WhatisKamisiAdetunji’sprojectaimedat?A.Rootingoutsicklecelldisease.B.Takingflavonoidsfromfruits.C.Improvingbloodcirculation.D.Increasingcureeffectsofflavonoids.5.WhatcausedKamisiAdetunjitostarttheproject?A.Herpersonalexperience. B.Herinterestinmedicine.C.Hermother’sencouragement. D.Hereducationbackground.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKamisiAdetunji?A.Creativeandoutgoing. B.Ordinarybutambitious.C.Caringandselfconfident. D.Popularandimaginative.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AYoungScientist’sAmbition.B.AU.S.Girl’sResearchonBloodDisease.C.ANewTreatmentforSickleCellDisease.D.AScienceProjectonmunityHealth.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了來自北卡羅來納州的17歲學(xué)生KamisiAdetunji關(guān)于治療鐮狀細(xì)胞貧血的最新研究?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Herprojectaimstoimprovetreatmentforsicklecelldisease(鐮狀細(xì)胞貧血).(她的項目旨在改善鐮狀細(xì)胞病的治療)”和“Naturalpoundscalledflavonoidswereknowntoreducesicklecells.Bychangingthechemicalstructureofflavonoidsextractedfromfruits,Adetunjiwasabletoimprovetheirantisicklingpowers.(已知一種名為黃酮類化合物的天然化合物可以減少鐮狀細(xì)胞。通過改變果實(shí)中黃酮類化合物的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)，Adetunji能夠提高果實(shí)的抗鐮能力)”可知，她的項目旨在提高黃酮類化合物對鐮狀細(xì)胞貧血治療效果。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Adetunji’sinspirationfortheprojectcamefromherpersonalexperience.(Adetunji對這個項目的靈感來自于她的個人經(jīng)歷)”可知，她的個人經(jīng)歷導(dǎo)致KamisiAdetunji啟動該項目。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中““OnedayIwaswalkingwithmymom,andweweretalkingaboutafamilyfriendwhowascurrentlybattlingsicklecelldisease.Andshetoldmeaboutallthepeoplebackhomethatsheknewwhohaditorhavepassedfromit.”Whenhavingtheopportunitytodoresearchatschool,sheimmediatelyknewthatshewantedtostudysicklecelldisease(“有一天，我和媽媽一起散步，我們談?wù)撝晃徽谂c鐮狀細(xì)胞病作斗爭的家庭朋友。她告訴我，老家所有她認(rèn)識的患這種病或者因這種病去世的人?！碑?dāng)有機(jī)會在學(xué)校做研究時，她立刻知道她想研究鐮狀細(xì)胞病)”可知她關(guān)心他人。由文章第四段“ThebiggestchallengeAdetunjifacedwasthatshehadnoexperiencewithascienceprojectlikethis.Shehadtotrustinherselfandbelievethatshewouldbeabletofinishthisprojectandcontinuetryingdifferentthingswhenhermethodsatfirstweren’tworking.(Adetunji面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是她沒有這樣的科學(xué)項目的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。她必須相信自己，相信自己能夠完成這個項目，并在最初她的方法不起作用時繼續(xù)嘗試不同的事情)”可知，她非常自信。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第一段“KamisiAdetunji,a17yearoldstudentfromNorthCarolina,ismakingheadlineswithherscienceprojectthataimstotacklemunityhealthandsafetyrisks.(來自北卡羅來納州的17歲學(xué)生KamisiAdetunji因其旨在解決社區(qū)健康和安全風(fēng)險的科學(xué)項目而成為頭條新聞)”引出本文的主題一位美國女孩血液病研究。接著文章講述了該研究的起因和過程。因此B項“AU.S.Girl’sResearchonBloodDisease.(一位美國女孩對血液病的研究)”可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。CABeijingsubwaylinelinkingwithDaxingInternationalAirporthasnowstartedanewrecognitionsystem,whichallowspassengerstoenterandexitstationsbyjustscanningthepalmofahand,accordingtoareportinChinaDaily.Thesystemisavailableattheticketmachinesandgatesatallstopsalongtheline.ThepilotprogramwaslaunchedonSundayontheDaxingAirportExpresssubwaylinetosparepassengersthetroubleofswipingacardorscanningaQRcodetocatchatrain,theBeijingMunicipalmissionofTransportsaid.Anypeopleaged14andabovecanfirstregistertheprintofeitherpalmthroughasimple,automatedprocessandproviderelevantinformationtoauthorizethepaymentgatewayofWeChat,apopularmessagingappinChina.Theregistrationisaonetimeprocessanddoesn’trequirerenewal.Oncethepalmprintisregistered,apassengercanjustplacethepalmabovethescanningmachinewhenenteringorexitingasubwaystation.Theticketgatewillopenautomaticallyifthepalmscanmatchesthepalmprintregistered.Thefareisautomaticallydeducted(扣除)afterexit.Toprotecttheusers’information,thesystemusesdatamaskingandencryption(加密)technologiesanditbinestheuseofpalmprintandveinmapping,whicharedifferentforeveryindividual.Itcanrecognizetheuser’spalmprintandveinswithoutcontact,whichishealthier,fasterandsaferthantheordinarycheckinmethods.Currently,itisveryusefulfortheelderlyandthosewhohavephysicallimitations.Theycantakethesubwaywithoutusingsmartphoneapps.Passengerscantakesubwaytrainsiftheydonothavecashorwhentheyforgettheirsubwaycards.Thesystemcanbegraduallyusedinoffices,schools,gymsandrestaurants,asitrequiresnocontactandisthereforemoresafeandefficient.8Howcanapassengertakethesubwaywiththenewsystem?A.Byswipingasubwaycard. B.ByscanningaQRcode.C.ByshowinghisIDcard. D.Byscanninghispalm.9.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theworkmodeofthesystem. B.Themethodofregistration.C.Thegatewayofpayment. D.Theagelimitofapplicants.10.Whatmightbepassengers’mainconcernaboutthenewsystem?AThesafetyofinformation. B.Theeffectsonpersonalhealth.C.Thereliabilityofdata. D.Thepriceofthetickets.11.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesystemfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itishighlypetitive. B.Itneedstobeimproved.C.It’llbeusedmorewidely. D.Ittakesyearstoseeeffects.【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了據(jù)《中國日報》報道，北京一條連接大興國際機(jī)場的地鐵線路現(xiàn)在啟動了一種新的識別系統(tǒng)，乘客只需掃描手掌就可以進(jìn)出車站。該系統(tǒng)可在沿途各站的售票機(jī)和檢票口使用。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ABeijingsubwaylinelinkingwithDaxingInternationalAirporthasnowstartedanewrecognitionsystem,whichallowspassengerstoenterandexitstationsbyjustscanningthepalmofahand,accordingtoareportinChinaDaily.(據(jù)《中國日報》報道，北京一條連接大興國際機(jī)場的地鐵線路現(xiàn)在啟動了一種新的識別系統(tǒng)，乘客只需掃描手掌就可以進(jìn)出車站。)”可知，乘客可以通過掃描手掌來使用新系統(tǒng)乘坐地鐵。故選D。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Anypeopleaged14andabovecanfirstregistertheprintofeitherpalmthroughasimple,automatedprocessandproviderelevantinformationtoauthorizethepaymentgatewayofWeChat,apopularmessagingappinChina.Theregistrationisaonetimeprocessanddoesn’trequirerenewal.Oncethepalmprintisregistered,apassengercanjustplacethepalmabovethescanningmachinewhenenteringorexitingasubwaystation.Theticketgatewillopenautomaticallyifthepalmscanmatchesthepalmprintregistered.Thefareisautomaticallydeducted(扣除)afterexit.(任何14歲及以上的人都可以先通過一個簡單的自動化過程注冊任意一個手掌的指紋，并提供相關(guān)信息，以授權(quán)微信(中國流行的即時通訊應(yīng)用程序)的支付網(wǎng)關(guān)。注冊是一次性的，不需要續(xù)簽。一旦掌紋被登記，乘客進(jìn)出地鐵站時只需將掌紋放在掃描機(jī)上即可。如果掌紋掃描與登記的掌紋匹配，檢票口將自動打開。下車后車票自動扣除。)”可知，第三段主要介紹了這個系統(tǒng)的工作模式。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Toprotecttheusers’information,thesystemusesdatamaskingandencryption(加密)technologiesanditbinestheuseofpalmprintandveinmapping,whicharedifferentforeveryindividual.(為了保護(hù)用戶的信息，系統(tǒng)使用了數(shù)據(jù)屏蔽和加密技術(shù)，并結(jié)合了掌紋和靜脈映射的使用，每個人的使用都是不同的。)”可推知，信息安全可能是乘客對新系統(tǒng)的主要擔(dān)憂。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Currently,itisveryusefulfortheelderlyandthosewhohavephysicallimitations.Theycantakethesubwaywithoutusingsmartphoneapps.Passengerscantakesubwaytrainsiftheydonothavecashorwhentheyforgettheirsubwaycards.(目前，它對老年人和身體有限制的人非常有用。他們可以不使用智能應(yīng)用程序乘坐地鐵。乘客如果沒有帶現(xiàn)金或忘記帶地鐵卡，可以乘坐地鐵。)”和文章最后一段“Thesystemcanbegraduallyusedinoffices,schools,gymsandrestaurants,asitrequiresnocontactandisthereforemoresafeandefficient.(該系統(tǒng)可以逐步應(yīng)用于辦公室、學(xué)校、健身房和餐館，因?yàn)樗恍枰佑|，因此更安全、更高效。)”可推知，從最后兩段我們可以知道這個系統(tǒng)將會被廣泛應(yīng)用。故選C。D“Ladiesandgentlemen,weleaboardNASA’sSpaceElevator.We’regoingtoleavesoon.Theentireridewilltakeaboutfivehours,sositbackandenjoythetrip.”DoesthissoundliketheSciFiChannel?Well,it’snot.Althoughspaceelevatorsareoftenconsideredasasciencefictiondream,Ibelievetheywillexistsoon—perhapsintwoorthreedecades.Throughoutmycareerasanaerospaceengineerandphysicsprofessor,IkeepingbacktotheconceptofacablestretchingfromEarthtospace,alongwhichpeopleandcargocaneasilytravel.InrecentyearsIandotherresearchershavefoundnewwaystotinkerwithdesignsandanswerquestionsabouthowspaceelevatorscouldwork.Therearemanyreasonstobuildaspaceelevator.Theobviousoneisthemajorenergyandcostsavings;it’samuchmorepracticalwaytogettoorbitthanrockets.Anotherreasonthatisoftenoverlookedisaccessibility.Theword“spacemission”wouldbereplacedby“transit,”astripstospacebeeroutineandmostlyindependentofweatherconditions.Transitsinvolvinghumanswouldbesaferthancurrentpractices,wherebyastronautsmustacceptanenormousrisktotheirliveswitheachlaunch.Aspaceelevatorbeesabridgetotheentiresolarsystem.Releaseapayloadinthelowerportion,andyouorbitEarth,butdosointheupperportion,andyouorbitthesun;allwithoutfuel.AlthoughImayeacrossasaspaceelevatoradvocate,thetruthis,Isimplyenjoystudyingtheirmechanics.Inaworldwithmonumentalproblems,dreamingofsuchprojectsallowsmetoenvisionascenariowherewehavebeeresponsiblecustodians(守護(hù)者)onthisplanet.12.What’sthefunctionofParagraph1?A.Tointroducethetopic. B.Tosetabackground.C.Tomakeaparison. D.Togiveanexample.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tinkerwith”meaninParagraph3?A.Abandon. B.Improve. C.Establish. D.Discuss.14.Whatisthepurposeofbuildingaspaceelevator?A.Topleasesciencefictionfans. B.Topromotespacetourism.C.Toprotectastronauts’safety. D.Tomakespacetraveleasier.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsspaceelevators?A.Unclear. B.Doubtful. C.Optimistic. D.Dismissive.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了太空電梯這個項目、說明了建造它的理由并且作者認(rèn)為在不久的將來將會實(shí)現(xiàn)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段““Ladiesandgentlemen,weleaboardNASA’sSpaceElevator.We’regoingtoleavesoon.Theentireridewilltakeaboutfivehours,sositbackandenjoythetrip.”(“女士們先生們，歡迎乘坐美國宇航局的太空電梯。我們馬上就要走了。整個旅程大約需要5個小時，所以請坐好，享受旅程吧?！?”可推知，文章第一段的作用是引出太空電梯這一主題。故選A?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Throughoutmycareerasanaerospaceengineerandphysicsprofessor,IkeepingbacktotheconceptofacablestretchingfromEarthtospace,alongwhichpeopleandcargocaneasilytravel.(在我作為一名航空航天工程師和物理學(xué)教授的職業(yè)生涯中，我不斷地想到從地球延伸到太空的電纜的概念，人們和貨物可以很容易地沿著它旅行。)”可知，有了建造太空電梯的想法以后，近年來，作者和其他研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的方法來修補(bǔ)設(shè)計，并回答了有關(guān)太空電梯如何工作的問題。由此可知，tinkerwith意為“修復(fù)”，與B項improve意思接近。故選B。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Throughoutmycareerasanaerospaceengineerandphysicsprofessor,IkeepingbacktotheconceptofacablestretchingfromEarthtospace,alongwhichpeopleandcargocaneasilytravel.(在我作為一名航空航天工程師和物理學(xué)教授的職業(yè)生涯中，我不斷地想到從地球延伸到太空的電纜的概念，人們和貨物可以很容易地沿著它旅行。)”和第四段“Anotherreasonthatisoftenoverlookedisaccessibility.(另一個經(jīng)常被忽視的原因是易用性。)”可推知，建造太空電梯的目的是為了讓太空旅行更容易。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Althoughspaceelevatorsareoftenconsideredasasciencefictiondream,Ibelievetheywillexistsoon—perhapsintwoorthreedecades.(雖然太空電梯經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是科幻小說中的夢想，但我相信它們很快就會存在——也許再過二三十年。)”第四段“Therearemanyreasonstobuildaspaceelevator.Theobviousoneisthemajorenergyandcostsavings;it’samuchmorepracticalwaytogettoorbitthanrockets.Anotherreasonthatisoftenoverlookedisaccessibility.(建造太空電梯的理由有很多。最明顯的一個是主要的能源和成本節(jié)約;這是一種比火箭更實(shí)用的進(jìn)入軌道的方式。另一個經(jīng)常被忽視的原因是易用性。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為建造太空電梯有好處并且在不久的將來將會實(shí)現(xiàn)，由此可推知，作者對于建造太空電梯持積極的態(tài)度。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyouconsideryourselftobeshybynature,youmayworrythatyou’renotagoodconversationalist.____16____Thereareplentyofeasy,subtlewaystoimproveyoursocialskillsinyourdailylife.Hereareafewtipsandtrickstohelpyougetstarted.Startaconversation.____17____Manypeoplefeelmorerelaxediftheyhavetimetoprepareaconversationstarter.Youcanwritedownalistofpotentialconversationstarters.Youcould,forexample,talkaboutanassignment,ifyou’remakingaconversationinclass.____18____Peoplewanttofeelthattheotherpersonisinterestedinthem.Youcansharesimpleinsightsandaskingquestionstocontinuetheconversation.Beforeyoubringupyourowninsights,makearulethatyouaskatleastonequestionaboutwhattheotherpersonissaying.Remembertoengageinonlyonethingatatime.Whenapersonistalking,payattentiontowhatheorsheistalkingabout.Keepyourmindfocusedonthepresentmomentinsteadofplanningwhatyou’llsaynext.It’sinevitablethatyouwillthinkofsomethingthatrelates.That’sokay.____19____Butdon’tspendtimethinkingabouthowtowordyourresponses.Mostconversationswillruntheirowncourses.It’sokayifyoucan’tthinkofanythingelsetosay.Simplymentionsomethingelseyouhavetodo,andthatyou’llhavetostepaway.Thankthepersonfortheirtime,andletthemknowthatyou’dliketotalkagainsomeothertime.____20____A.Don’tworry.B.Chooseasharedtopic.C.Keepaconversationgoing.D.Itisgoodtohaveresponsesready.E.Asimplequestioncanbeenoughtostartthetalk.F.Practiceaheadoftime,ifyou’reeasytogetanxious.G.Inthisway,allowtheconversationtoetoanaturalstop.【答案】16.A17.F18.C19.D20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些提高社交技能的建議和技巧?！?6題詳解】上文“Ifyouconsideryourselftobeshybynature,youmayworrythatyou’renotagoodconversationalist.(如果你認(rèn)為自己天生害羞，你可能會擔(dān)心自己不是一個健談的人。)”提到人們因?yàn)楹π叨鴵?dān)心自己不夠健談，下文“Thereareplentyofeasy,subtlewaystoimproveyoursocialskillsinyourdailylife.(在日常生活中，有很多簡單而微妙的方法可以提高你的社交技能。)”提到有很多提高社交技能的方法，空處指出不要擔(dān)心。A項：Don’tworry.(別擔(dān)心。)符合語境。故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Manypeoplefeelmorerelaxediftheyhavetimetoprepareaconversationstarter.Youcanwritedownalistofpotentialconversationstarters.(如果有時間準(zhǔn)備開場白，很多人會覺得更放松。你可以列出一個可能引發(fā)談話的人的清單。)”可知，空處提出要提前練習(xí)，做好準(zhǔn)備。F項：Practiceaheadoftime,ifyou’reeasytogetanxious.(如果你很容易焦慮，提前練習(xí)。)符合語境。故選F?！?8題詳解】空處為段落主題句。根據(jù)下文“Peoplewanttofeelthattheotherpersonisinterestedinthem.Youcansharesimpleinsightsandaskingquestionstocontinuetheconversation.Beforeyoubringupyourowninsights,makearulethatyouaskatleastonequestionaboutwhattheotherpersonissaying.(人們想要感覺到對方對他們感興趣。你可以分享一些簡單的見解，問一些問題來繼續(xù)對話。在你提出自己的見解之前，制定一個規(guī)則，你至少要問一個關(guān)于對方所說的問題。)”可知，本段主要講述人們可以通過分享見解，提問等方式讓對話繼續(xù)下去。下文的“continuetheconversation”與C項“Keepaconversationgoing.(保持談話繼續(xù)。)”對應(yīng)。故選C。【19題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Butdon’tspendtimethinkingabouthowtowordyourresponses.(但是不要花時間思考如何表達(dá)你的回答。)”可知，空處和下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明準(zhǔn)備好回應(yīng)是一件好事，其中“responses”是關(guān)鍵詞的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。D項：Itisgoodtohaveresponsesready.(準(zhǔn)備好回應(yīng)是好的。)符合語境。故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thankthepersonfortheirtime,andletthemknowthatyou’dliketotalkagainsomeothertime.(感謝對方抽出時間，讓他們知道你愿意改天再聊。)”可知，空處對段落進(jìn)行總結(jié)，前文提到的是自然停止談話的方法。G項：Inthisway,allowtheconversationtoetoanaturalstop.(這樣，讓談話自然地停止。)符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié);滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ItwasaFridaymorning.Ifelttoolazytodrive,somyson____21____meanuber.Infiveminutes,theuber____22____andwaitedformeattheentrancegate.Ijusttookalookatthecab____23____andenteredthecar.Ididn’tpayany____24____towardsthedriver.Itookoutanimportantpaperfrommyleatherbagandsaid____25____:“Please,goquickly!I’minahurry!”Thevoicecame,“Yes,ma’am!”IwasreallysurprisedwhenIhearda____26____voice!Istoppedmyworkforasecondandlookedatthedriver.Itwasayounglady____27____thirtyorthirtytwo!Forthefirsttime,Isawaladydrivinganuber!Thecarwasrunningquicklytowardsmy____28____Shewasdrivingperfectlywell.Ibecameso____29____toknowwhyshehadchosenthisjob.Istartedthe____30____“Ifyoudon’tmind,canIaskyousomequestions?”“Noproblem,ma’am!”“Iguess,youarewell____31____!”“Yes,ma’am!IhavedonemyMBAcourse.”“Oh,wow!Whydidyouchoosethisprofessioninsteadofgoingfora(n)____32____career?”Icouldseehersmilingfaceintherearviewmirror.“Ilove____33____frommychildhood!Idorespecteachandeveryjob.Idon’t____34____forbigorsmall.IwantedajobwhereIcanget____35____.Ican’tgetenoughmoneyoutofit,yetIlovedriving!That’sit!”Shesaidpolitely.21.A.bought B.booked C.drove D.stopped22.A.arrived B.left C.turned D.went23.A.driver B.door C.number D.type24.A.money B.greetings C.tips D.attention25.A.politely B.finally C.instantly D.hesitatingly26.A.female B.loud C.childish D.quiet27.A.over B.within C.around D.from28A.home B.school C.business D.destination29.A.enthusiastic B.curious C.sincere D.talkative30.A.chance B.conversation C.exchange D.interview31.A.qualified B.paid C.done D.treated32.A.notable B.fortable C.academic D.scientific33.A.driving B.schooling C.reading D.smiling34.A.mean B.take C.ignore D.mind35A.friendship B.satisfaction C.bonus D.salary【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.C26.A27.C28.D29.B30.B31.A32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了作者坐優(yōu)步出租車時和女司機(jī)的交流?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我懶得開車，所以我兒子給我叫了一輛優(yōu)步。A.bought買；B.booked預(yù)定；C.drove開車；D.stopped停止。根據(jù)后文的“Infiveminutes,theuber2andwaitedformeattheentrancegate.”可知，五分鐘后，優(yōu)步到達(dá)門口，等待作者的到來。說明作者懶得開車，因此作者的兒子幫作者預(yù)訂了一輛優(yōu)步(出租車)。故答案為B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：五分鐘后，優(yōu)步到達(dá)，在門口等我。A.arrived到達(dá)；B.left離開；C.turned轉(zhuǎn)動；D.went去。根據(jù)后文的“andwaitedformeattheentrancegate.”可知，優(yōu)步到達(dá)了，并且等作者。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我只是看了一眼出租車號碼，然后進(jìn)了車。A.driver司機(jī)；B.door門；C.number數(shù)字；D.type類型。根據(jù)前文的“tookalookatthecab”和下文的“enteredthecar”可知，作者看了看車牌號(number)并且坐了進(jìn)去。故答案為C。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我根本沒有注意到司機(jī)。A.money錢；B.greetings問候；C.tips提示；D.attention關(guān)注，注意力。根據(jù)前文的“Ijusttookalookatthecab3andenteredthecar.”可知，作者只是看了一眼出租車號碼，然后進(jìn)了車。作者根本沒注意到司機(jī)的樣貌。故答案為D?！?5題詳解】.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我從皮包里拿出一張重要的紙，立刻說：“求你了，快走！我趕時間！”A.politely有禮貌地；B.finally最后；C.instantly立刻；D.hesitatingly猶豫地。根據(jù)下句“Please,goquickly!I’minahurry!”可知，作者趕時間，故上車后立刻讓司機(jī)快點(diǎn)走。故答案為C。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我聽到一個女聲時，我真的很驚訝！A.female女性的；B.loud大聲的；C.childish幼稚的；D.quiet安靜的。根據(jù)后文的“Itwasayounglady”可知，司機(jī)是位女士。故答案為A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那是一位三十多歲以內(nèi)的年輕女士！A.over多于；B.within在內(nèi)部；C.around周圍；D.from來自。根據(jù)前文的“Itwasayounglady”可知，這位女士年齡不大，年齡太小的也不會以去做優(yōu)步司機(jī)，所以她的年齡應(yīng)該在三十歲左右。故選C項。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：汽車飛快地向我的目的地駛?cè)ァ.home家；B.school學(xué)校；C.business生意；D.destination目的地。根據(jù)前文的“Please,goquickly!I’minahurry!”和“Istoppedmyworkforasecondandlookedatthedriver.”可知，作者忙于工作，司機(jī)正帶作者去目的地。故答案為D。【29題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很想知道她為什么選擇這份工作。A.enthusiastic熱情的；B.curious好奇的;C.sincere真誠的；D.talkative健談的。結(jié)合后文“whyshehadchosenthisjob”可知，作者對她為什么選擇這份工作這件事很好奇。故答案為B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我開始了對話：“如果你不介意，我能問你一些問題嗎？”A.chance機(jī)會；B.conversation交談；C.exchange交換；D.interview采訪。結(jié)合后文“Ifyoudon’tmind,canIaskyousomequestions?”可知，作者開始提問問題，開始和這位女司機(jī)交談。故答案為B?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我猜，你具備很好的學(xué)歷。A.qualified具備……的學(xué)歷(或資歷)；B.paid付費(fèi)的；C.done完畢；D.treated已處理過的。結(jié)合下文“Yes,ma’am!IhavedonemyMBAcourse.”可知，作者猜測女司機(jī)一定具備很好的學(xué)歷。故答案為A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：你為什么選擇這個職業(yè)而不從事學(xué)術(shù)事業(yè)？A.notable顯著的；B.fortable舒適的；C.academic學(xué)術(shù)的；D.scientific科學(xué)的。根據(jù)前文的“Yes,ma’am!IhavedonemyMBAcourse.”和“Whydidyouthenchoosethisprofession”可知，女司機(jī)一定具備很好的學(xué)歷，作者奇怪為什么她會選擇這份行業(yè)而不是走學(xué)術(shù)道路。故答案為C。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我從小就喜歡開車！A.driving開車；B.schooling上學(xué)；C.reading閱讀；D.smiling微笑。根據(jù)后文的“Ilovedriving!”可知，女司機(jī)喜歡開車。故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不介意大的或小的。A.mean意思是；B.take拿；C.ignore忽略；D.mind介意。根據(jù)前文的“Idorespecteachandeveryjob.”可知，女司機(jī)尊重每一份工作，不介意做什么工作。故選D