學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以代替將來(lái)時(shí)，用于時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。例如：

1)Returnthebookimmediatelytothelibraryassoonasyou__A___it.A.finishB.arefinishedC.havefinishedD.arefinishing

2)Pleasebesuretotelephonemethenexttimeyou_D____.

A.willcomeB.wouldcomeC.shallcomeD.come

2.在“Thisisthefirsttime…”結(jié)構(gòu)中，后面的從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

句子開(kāi)頭也可以用it代替this

例：ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavemetJane.3.在“It/Thisis+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞后面的從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！?/p>

例：Thisisoneofthebestbooks_A____onthesubject.

A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.whichhaveeverbeenwritten

C.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.whateverhavebeenwritten

4.在“Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since…后邊用過(guò)去時(shí)。”

例：IthasbeentwentyyearssinceIleftmyhometown.

5.在“nosooner…than”和“hardly…when…”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句部分用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句部分用過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：

1)Ihadnosoonerreturnedthanhecalled.

2)Wehadhardlybegunwhenweweretoldtostop.6.在“Itis(high)time后邊的從句中用過(guò)去時(shí)?！?/p>

例：Itistimethatwehadarest.7.時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday等一般過(guò)去時(shí)yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow等一般將來(lái)時(shí)next…,tomorrow,in+一段時(shí)間,before+時(shí)間點(diǎn)等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently等過(guò)去完成時(shí)before,by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間,until,when,after,once等過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while等將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening語(yǔ)法1.語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間關(guān)系的一種形式。英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的題通常結(jié)合在一起，尤其是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，除了注意它的一般時(shí)態(tài)之外，還要注意它進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)及完成時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如：Hetoldmethatahighwaywasbeingbuilthere.他告訴我這里正在建造一條高速公路。2.另外還需注意有些動(dòng)詞，其形式雖是主動(dòng)，但具有被動(dòng)的含義。1）當(dāng)感官動(dòng)詞作系動(dòng)詞時(shí),例如：Goodmedicinetastesbitter.良藥苦口。Thismaterialfeelsverysoft.這種衣料摸起來(lái)非常柔軟。2）還有一些及物動(dòng)詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，也可以表示被動(dòng)含義，如：Thispendoesn’twritewell.這支筆不好使。此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞不多，常見(jiàn)的有cut,lock,open,peel,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等。練習(xí)：1.Lastnight,onhiswayhome,hewas____C__ontheheadbysomethinghard.A.strikedB.strokeC.struckD.striken2.“Didyousaythatourneighbor____C______intheaccident?”A.badlyhurtB.wasbadlyhurtedC.wasbadlyhurtD.hadbadlyhurted3.WhileI______myspectacles,I________apen.AA.waslookingfor…foundB.waslookingfor…lookedforC.wasfinding…foundD.wasfinding…lookedfor4.Ifshedoesn’ttellhimthetruthnow,he’llsimplykeeponaskingheruntilshe______A____.A.doesB.hasdoneC.willdoD.woulddo5.Whilepeoplemayrefertotelevisionforup-to-the-minutenews,itisunlikelythattelevision____D______thenewspapercompletely.A.replacedB.havereplacedC.replaceD.willreplace6.Sheoughttostopwork.Shehasaheadachebecauseshe__A___toolong.A.hasbeenreadingB.hadreadC.isreadingD.read7.Bytheendofthismonth,wesurely_A___asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.A.willhavefoundB.havefoundC.willbefindingD.arefinding8.We____B_____ourbreakfastwhenanoldmancametothedoor.A.justhavehadB.hadjusthadC.justhadD.havejusthad9.Ourschool______C_____forthesummerattheendofJune.A.tobeclosedB.closingC.closesD.toclose10.Sendforadoctorquickly.Theoldman____B______.A.willdieB.isdyingC.diesD.died3）Weallfeelsorryfor__B___forsolongafteryourarrival.

A.keepyouwaitingB.havingkeptyouwaiting

C.waitingforyouD.keepyouwait

2．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充語(yǔ)時(shí)，要弄清哪些動(dòng)詞后面可以跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)，哪些動(dòng)詞后面可以跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)。decorate是及物動(dòng)詞，1）Mr.andMrs.Smithdidn’texpectthehouse_A____sowell。A.tobedecoratedB.todecorateC.bedecoratedD.decorating2）Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself___D__.

A.hearingB.beingheardC.tohearD.heard

hear在本句中是及物動(dòng)詞，據(jù)此可以排除A和C，B項(xiàng)選擇形式不對(duì)，因此D是正確答案。

3）Themanagerhashisemployees__D___abusinessreporteveryweek.

A.towriteB.writtenC.writingD.write

答案為D。have和get后面接賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，要用過(guò)去分詞或無(wú)to不定式。

4）wearegoingtohaveouroffice_C____tomakeroomforanewengineer.

A.torearrangeB.rearrangeC.rearrangedD.rearranging

3．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，尤其是分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。

例：Arrivingatthebusstop,__A___waitingthere.

A.hefoundalotofpeopleB.alotofpeoplewere

C.hefoundalotofpeople’sD.peoplewerefound4．掌握好非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的正確使用。如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后或同時(shí)，用一般式，如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作在主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，則用完成式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者還是接受者決定了應(yīng)當(dāng)用主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式。

例：Thefamousnovelissaid___C__intoChinese.A.tohavetranslatedB.tobetranslateC.tohavebeentranslatedD.totranslate

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)：ABDABBDDAC1.Itisnogood____________tocomenow.Heisbusy.A.ifyouaskhimB.toaskhimC.askinghimD.thatyouaskhim2.Hewasluckytoescape__________toprison.A.sendingB.beingsentC.tobesentD.sent3.Thebedroomneeds_____________.A.cleanB.tocleanC.cleanedD.cleaning4.Hisparents______________lastweek,thechildhasnoonetolookafterhim.A.havingdiedB.diedC.deadD.havingdead5.____________ateacherintheuniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastmaster’sdegree.A.BecomeB.TobecomeC.OnebecomesD.Becoming6.ThereisamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans_________trouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmade7.Ihaveheardbothteachersandstudents____________wellofhim.A.tospeakB.spokenC.tohavespokenD.speak8.Mrs.Brownissupposed____________forItalylastweek.A.tohavebeenleftB.tobeleavingC.toleaveD.tohaveleft9.When_______________theeducationsystemsofChinaandBritain,theprofessorgavenocomment.A.beingaskedtocompareB.askedhimtocompareC.askinghimtocompareD.askedtocompare10.Youwillseethisproduct_________whereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertiseC.advertisedD.advertising從句1．定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句又分限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?？忌貏e注意非限制定語(yǔ)從句的用法。從形式上看，限制性定語(yǔ)從句由who,whom,whose,which,that等關(guān)系代詞或when,why,where等關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，不用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi)。而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)that，而且要用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi)。

1）Anoldfriendfromabroad,_____Iwasexpectingtostaywith，telephonedmefromtheairport.

A.thatB.whomC.whoD.Which

這是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，正確答案是B，因?yàn)榇颂幍膚hom是staywith的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。2）TheUnitedStatesiscomposedoffiftystates,twoof_____areseparatedfromtheothersbylandorwater.

A.themB.thatC.whichD.those

正確答案為C。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞前面可能會(huì)有介詞，在介詞前面還可能有其它限定詞，這就更復(fù)雜一些，需特別注意。

2．狀語(yǔ)從句

狀語(yǔ)從句有很多種，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句主要由以下一些詞或詞組引導(dǎo)：though,although,evenif,eventhough,whether…or…,nomatterwh-(或how),whatever(whoever,whichever等)。

1）_____，youmustshowyourtickettogointothecinema.

A.NomatterwhomeveryouareB.Inwhomeveryouare

C.WhoeveryouareD.Nomatterwhoareyou

四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中，A中的Whomever多了ever，B項(xiàng)中inwhomever部分格式不對(duì)，D項(xiàng)的語(yǔ)序不對(duì)，只有C是正確的。

2）Young_____heis,heknowswhatisarightthingtodo.

A.thatB.asC.althoughD.however

正確答案是B。as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但通常把被強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞或副詞等放在句首。

3．賓語(yǔ)從句

賓語(yǔ)從句比較簡(jiǎn)單，它在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成份，通?？梢杂蓆hat，if,whether及what引導(dǎo)。使用賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的是，有時(shí)可以設(shè)it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正賓語(yǔ)是后邊的從句。

例：IalwaystakeitforgrantedthatIamfarmoreintelligentthanheis.

句子的it指代的是后邊that從句的內(nèi)容。

4．主語(yǔ)從句

主語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的詞有what,that以及who,why,where,when等連接代詞或連接副詞。為避免頭重腳輕，特別是在口語(yǔ)中，通常設(shè)it為形式主語(yǔ)，與下邊這些結(jié)構(gòu)連用。

Itisapitythat…Itisanhonorthat…Itisashamethat…Itisagoodthingthat…Itisafactthat…Itisasurprisethat…Itisstrangethat…Itissurprisingthat…Itistruethat…Itisfortunatethat…Itisnecessarythat…Itispossible(impossible)that…1）Itisdesirablethathe_____.

A．givesuptryingB.giveuptryingC.wouldgiveuptryingD.isgoingtogiveuptrying答案B。本句也是一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣句。

2）__A___Isawwastwomencrossingthestreet.

A.WhatB.WhomC.WhoD.That從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)：CCCBDACCCB1.____________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever2.Heworkstoohard.Thatis__________iswrongwithhim.A.thatwhichB.thatwhatC.whatD.thethingwhat3.Heaskedher___________shethoughtshecouldmanagetocometheWednesdayofthefollowingweek.A.whatB.thatC.ifD.as4.Jackcouldaskforleaveoncondition_____________hewasreallyill.A.forthatB.thatC.ofwhichD.inwhich5.Hespokeconfidently,___________impressedmemost.A.sothatB.thatC.itD.which6.Peoplearestilltalkingaboutthehistoriceventofyearsago,____________manwalkedinspaceforthefirsttime.A.whenB.howC.becauseD.while7.Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner_________shehadpromisedus.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what8.__________isknowntotheworld,MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It9.Theydecidedtochasethecowaway___________itdidmoredamage.A.unlessB.untilC.beforeD.after10.I’llacceptanyjob_________Idon’thavetogetupearly.A.lestB.aslongasC.incaseD.though倒裝句1.否定詞放置句首時(shí),助動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞要放置主語(yǔ)的前面進(jìn)行倒裝.常用的否定詞有：not,scarcely,barely,seldom,notuntil,little,(in)undernocircumstance,bynomeans,nosooner…than)。

NotuntilIremindedhimforthethirdtime__C___workingandlookedup.

A.thathestoppedB.doeshestoppedC.didhestopD.thathestopped

2．Only＋adv.句子要倒裝。

1）Onlyundersuchaconditionwillhemakesteadyprogress.

只有在這樣的條件下，他才會(huì)取得扎實(shí)的進(jìn)步。

3.nor,neither,so用于句首時(shí),句子要倒裝。

Solittle__A___aboutstockexchangethatthelecturewascompletelybeyondme.

A.didIknowB.IhadknownC.IknewD.wasIknow

4.虛擬條件句中省略if時(shí)要倒裝。

__B___youwerebusy,Iwouldn'thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.

A.IfIrealizedB.HadIrealizedC.DidIhaverealizedthatD.AsIrealized強(qiáng)調(diào)句我們這里主要講陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）+that/who（當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)指人）+其它部分。

e.g.ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing.他是昨天碰見(jiàn)的李平。注意：1.構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的it本身沒(méi)有詞義；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that,who，即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)也如此，that,who不可省略；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用Itwas…，其余的時(shí)態(tài)用Itis…。

2.not…until…句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句

句型為：Itis/wasnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其它部分

e.g.普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.

強(qiáng)調(diào)句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.

3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)

1）Itis/was…that…結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，用助動(dòng)詞do/does或did。

e.g.Dositdown.務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。

Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他確實(shí)給你寫(xiě)了信。

Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.過(guò)馬路時(shí)，務(wù)必（千萬(wàn)）要小心??！

2）注意：此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用do/does和did，沒(méi)有別的形式；過(guò)去時(shí)用did，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。主謂一致一致性是指句子成分之間或詞語(yǔ)之間在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、性等方面的相互一致關(guān)系。我們這里主要講主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致。1.集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)如表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)；如表示成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：ThefamilywerewatchingTV.全家人在看電視。Myfamilyisabigone.我家人口多。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)名詞還有army,audience,class,club,crew,crowd,committee,company,couple,group,government,party,staff,school,team,union,public等。有些集合名詞（如people,police,youth等）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Thepoliceweretrackingthemurderer.警察正在追蹤兇手。2.數(shù)詞和表示時(shí)間、度、量、溫度、錢(qián)額等名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一定的量或總和時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多半用單數(shù)形式。如：Threehoursisenoughforustoperformthisexperiment.我們做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)有三個(gè)小時(shí)就足夠了。Thatfivethousanddollarsisyours.那五千美金是你的。3.在“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句一般修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以該從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Thisisoneofthelongestriversthathaveeverbeenseen.這是曾見(jiàn)過(guò)的最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。Heisoneofmyfriendswhoarelawyers.我是我當(dāng)律師的朋友中的一個(gè)。4.由合成代詞some(any,no,every)+thing(body,one)作主語(yǔ)，由代詞each,everyone,noone,either,neither,another,theother作主語(yǔ)，以及由限定詞either,neither,each,every,manya,morethanone等+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用單數(shù)形式。如：Nobodayknowshowmanystarsthereareinthesky.誰(shuí)都不知道天上有多少星星。Neitheransweriscorrect.兩個(gè)答案都不對(duì)。5.某些連詞連接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)：根據(jù)毗鄰一致的原則，與鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。這類(lèi)連詞包括or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等。如：NeitherInorshewasawardedtheprize.我和她都沒(méi)有獲獎(jiǎng)。在therebe存在句中，多數(shù)情況下也可根據(jù)毗鄰一致的原則來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如：Therearethreepatientsinthewaitingroom.候診室里有三個(gè)病人。Thereisadoctorandtwonursesintheclinic.診所里有一個(gè)醫(yī)生和兩個(gè)護(hù)士。一、It用作形式主語(yǔ)當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語(yǔ)置于句首，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)詞義。e.g.Itiswrongtotellalie.(說(shuō)謊是錯(cuò)誤的。)〔It為totellalie的形式主語(yǔ)〕Itisnousearguingaboutit.(爭(zhēng)吵是沒(méi)用的。)〔It為arguingaboutit的形式主語(yǔ)〕Itisuncertainwhowillcome.(誰(shuí)要來(lái)還不確定。)〔It為whowillcome的形式主語(yǔ)〕It作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型：①I(mǎi)t+be+形容詞+todosth./doing/that….e.g.Itisveryimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.(學(xué)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)非常重要。)Itisuselesscryingoverthespiltmilk.(覆水難收。)Itwasreallysurprisingthatshemarriedamanlikethat.(她嫁給那樣的男士真讓人驚訝。)②It+be+名詞詞組+doing/that….e.g.Itisnogoodtellinglies.(撒謊沒(méi)好處。)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilmyesterday.(你昨天沒(méi)看成那部電影真遺憾。)ItisatruththattherewouldbenonewChinawithouttheCommunistParty.(沒(méi)有共產(chǎn)黨就沒(méi)有新中國(guó)，這是毋庸質(zhì)疑的。)③It+be+過(guò)去分詞+that….該句型常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：say,hope,think,suppose,expect,report,know,believe,decide,etc.e.g.Itissaidthattheyhaveinventedanewtypeofcomputer.(據(jù)說(shuō)他們發(fā)明了一種新型電腦。)ItisbelievedthatChinawillbecomeoneofthestrongestcountriesintheworld.(大家都相信中國(guó)將會(huì)步入世界強(qiáng)國(guó)之列。)Itwasreportedthatmorethan170thousandpeoplediedinthe2004tsunami.(據(jù)報(bào)道，至少有十七萬(wàn)人在2004年那場(chǎng)海嘯中喪生。)④It+seems/appears/happens等不及物動(dòng)詞+that….e.g.Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch.(似乎他非常喜歡流行歌曲。)ItappearsthatTommightchangehismind.(看來(lái)湯姆可能會(huì)改變主意。)⑤若句子是疑問(wèn)形式，就只能用it作形式主語(yǔ)。e.g.Doesitmattermuchthattheywon’tcometomorrow?(他們明天不來(lái)很重要嗎？)Isittruethathewillgoabroadnextweek?(他下周出國(guó)是真的嗎？)⑥It+takes+(sb.)+sometime+todosth.這是一個(gè)表示“（某人）花多少時(shí)間干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，代替后面的不定式（todosth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。e.g.Ittookmesometimetoreadthereadingmaterials.(我花了一些時(shí)間才讀完那段閱讀材料。)IttookhimfourteenhourstogotoNewZealandfromShanghaibyplane.(從上海乘飛機(jī)去新西蘭花了他14小時(shí)。)HowlongdoesittakeyoutogotoBeijingfromQingdaobytrain?(從青島坐火車(chē)到北京一般要花多久時(shí)間？)Iamnotsure,butIthinkittakesatleastninehourstogetthere.(我不能肯定，但估計(jì)至少要九個(gè)鐘頭才能到那兒。)二、It用作形式賓語(yǔ)當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句在某個(gè)句子中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)it仍只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)詞義。下列四種情況須用it作形式賓語(yǔ)：①當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)（如think,make,find,consider,feel,suppose等）；e.g.TheyfounditpleasantthattheyworkedwithusChinese.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)與我們中國(guó)人一起工作很愉快。）Idon’tfeelitdifficulttounderstandtheSpecialEnglish.（我覺(jué)得理解英語(yǔ)特別節(jié)目并不難。）Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.（他立志決不向別人借錢(qián)。）Ithinkitnoneedtalkingaboutitwiththem.（我認(rèn)為沒(méi)必要跟他們談。）②某些表示“喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)”的動(dòng)詞，如like,enjoy,love,hate等，往往不能直接接賓語(yǔ)從句；e.g.Idon’tlikeitthathe’ssolazy.（我不喜歡他那么懶惰。）Ihateitwhenmymotherasksmetoeateggs.（我討厭母親要我吃雞蛋。）③that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句不能直接作介詞的賓語(yǔ)；e.g.Youmaydependonitthatweshallalwayshelpyou.（盡管放心，我們會(huì)隨時(shí)幫你的。）Wouldyouseetoitthatshegetshomeearly?（你負(fù)責(zé)保證她早到家，好嗎？）Heinsistedonitthathewasinnocent.（他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)自己是無(wú)辜的。）④由及物動(dòng)詞與介詞組成的固定搭配中，賓語(yǔ)從句若作該動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，須借用it。e.g.Ileaveittoyourownjudgementwhetheryoushoulddoit.（我讓你自己判斷這事是否該做。）Weoweittoyouthattherewasn’taseriousaccident.（多虧了你才沒(méi)有發(fā)生嚴(yán)重事故。）練習(xí)一1-8CDDDDADC1.Is_______necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.this B.that C.it D.he2.Idon’tthink_______possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork..A.this B.that C.its D.it3.Does_______matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.this B.that C.he D.it4.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but_______did