中南大學(xué)c++實(shí)踐報(bào)告

中南大學(xué)c++實(shí)踐報(bào)告星期三四五實(shí)訓(xùn)內(nèi)容1、模擬網(wǎng)上購(gòu)書結(jié)賬功能;實(shí)訓(xùn)要求1、給出詳細(xì)的需求分析和描述，并給出實(shí)際需求分析文檔和UML描述;2、給出詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)文檔及UML描述;3、根據(jù)詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)果，寫出完整的C++代碼。要注意編碼風(fēng)格與編碼規(guī)范。4、根據(jù)測(cè)試?yán)碚?，寫出測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)并給出詳細(xì)測(cè)試報(bào)告;5、對(duì)該系統(tǒng)的可擴(kuò)充性、可修改性和可維護(hù)性給出客觀的評(píng)價(jià)。①問(wèn)題分析與功能定義：本體是一個(gè)非常實(shí)用的題目。隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物越來(lái)越受到大家的喜愛(ài)，坐在家中，點(diǎn)點(diǎn)鼠標(biāo)，就有人把你要的東西送到手中，多愜意呀。現(xiàn)在要解決的問(wèn)題是：用戶網(wǎng)上購(gòu)書以后，系統(tǒng)根據(jù)購(gòu)書人的不同類型計(jì)算出購(gòu)書人的費(fèi)用。網(wǎng)上購(gòu)書的一般過(guò)程是：用戶首先輸入他的會(huì)員號(hào)，然后，選擇想買的書籍放到購(gòu)書筐中，選擇結(jié)束以后，用戶要求系統(tǒng)結(jié)賬，系統(tǒng)編輯算出費(fèi)用通知用戶。本例并不像模擬網(wǎng)上購(gòu)書的全部過(guò)程，所以會(huì)把選擇書的過(guò)程省去，假設(shè)用戶已經(jīng)選定了兩本書。根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，確定了購(gòu)書人可分為三類：普通人、會(huì)員、貴賓。②對(duì)象(類)設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)上面的分析，需要設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)基類buyer和它的3個(gè)派生類member(會(huì)員)、layfolk(普通人)、honoured_guest(貴賓)?；愔邪臄?shù)據(jù)成員是姓名、購(gòu)書人編號(hào)、地址、購(gòu)書金額。Member類中除了繼承了buyer的數(shù)據(jù)，還增加了會(huì)員級(jí)別：honoured_guest則增加了折扣率一項(xiàng)。在基類中定義了構(gòu)造函數(shù)和對(duì)所有類型的購(gòu)書人相同的操作，getbuyname()負(fù)責(zé)取出購(gòu)書者的姓名;getaddress()負(fù)責(zé)取出購(gòu)書者的地址;getpay()負(fù)責(zé)取出購(gòu)書者應(yīng)付的金額;getid()負(fù)責(zé)取出購(gòu)書者的編號(hào)。有關(guān)購(gòu)書者的定義類如下：classbuyer{protected:stringname;intbuyerID;stringaddress;doublepay;public:buyer();buyer(stringn,intb,stringa,doublep);stringgetbuyername();stringgetaddress();doublegetpay();intgetid();virtualvoiddisplay()=0;virtualvoidsetpay(double=0)=0;};classmember:publicbuyer{public:member(stringn,intb,intl,stringa,doublep):buyer(n,b,a,p){leaguer_grade=1;}voiddisplay();voidsetpay(doublep);private:intleaguer_grade;};classhonoured_guest:publicbuyer{doublediscount_rate;public:honoured_guest(stringn,intb,doubler,stringa,doublep):buyer(n,b,a,p){discount_rate=r;}voiddisplay();voidsetpay(doublep);};classlayfolk:publicbuyer{public:layfolk(stringn,intb,stringa,doublep):buyer(n,b,a,p){}voiddisplay();voidsetpay(doublep);};由于在計(jì)算購(gòu)書金額的時(shí)要知道用戶買了那些書以及書的原價(jià)，所以必須建立一個(gè)類book，幫助完成對(duì)數(shù)的有關(guān)操作。類book的定義如下：classbook{protected:stringbook_ID;stringbook_name;stringauther;stringpublishing;doubleprice;public:book();book(stringb_id,stringb_n,stringau,stringpu,doublepr);voiddisplay();stringgetbook_ID();stringgetbook_name();stringgetauther();stringgetpublishing();doublegetprice();};從book到buyer類的箭頭表示：book對(duì)象要傳消息給buyer對(duì)象。classstring{friendostream&operator<<(ostream&S,conststring&Str);friendistream&operator>>(istream&S,string&Str);public:string();string(conststring&Str);voidoperator=(conststring&Str);~string();string(char*p);private:shortm_Length;char*m_Data;};③核心控制設(shè)計(jì)在主函數(shù)中我們要做的操作包括：(1)建立繼承了基類buyer的3各類對(duì)象。(2)建立兩個(gè)book對(duì)象。(3)請(qǐng)用戶輸入購(gòu)書人的編號(hào)。(4)通過(guò)編號(hào)查詢到相應(yīng)的對(duì)象。(5)用對(duì)象的計(jì)算金額的方法計(jì)算購(gòu)書金額。④編碼與測(cè)試完成前幾階段的工作，現(xiàn)在就可以編碼實(shí)現(xiàn)程序了。程序中包括了4個(gè)文件：buy.h、book..h、strclass.h和buy_book.cpp文件。Buy_book.cpp程序中有main()函數(shù)完整程序及相應(yīng)的說(shuō)明如下：//buy.h文件classbuyer{protected:stringname;intbuyerID;stringaddress;doublepay;public:buyer();buyer(stringn,intb,stringa,doublep);stringgetbuyername();stringgetaddress();doublegetpay();intgetid();virtualvoiddisplay()=0;virtualvoidsetpay(double=0)=0;};classmember:publicbuyer{public:member(stringn,intb,intl,stringa,doublep):buyer(n,b,a,p){leaguer_grade=1;}voiddisplay();voidsetpay(doublep);private:intleaguer_grade;};classhonoured_guest:publicbuyer{doublediscount_rate;public:honoured_guest(stringn,intb,doubler,stringa,doublep):buyer(n,b,a,p){discount_rate=r;}voiddisplay();voidsetpay(doublep);};classlayfolk:publicbuyer{public:layfolk(stringn,intb,stringa,doublep):buyer(n,b,a,p){}voiddisplay();voidsetpay(doublep);};buyer::buyer(){name="";buyerID=0;address="";pay=0;}buyer::buyer(stringn,intb,stringa,doublep){name=n;buyerID=b;address=a;pay=p;}doublebuyer::getpay(){returnpay;}stringbuyer::getaddress(){returnaddress;}stringbuyer::getbuyername(){returnname;}intbuyer::getid(){returnbuyerID;}voidmember::display(){cout<<"購(gòu)書人姓名:"<<name<<"\";<bdsfid="239"></name<<"\";<>cout<<"購(gòu)書人編號(hào):"<<buyerid<<"\";<bdsfid="241"></buyerid<<"\";<>cout<<"購(gòu)書人為會(huì)員,級(jí)別:"<<leaguer_grade<<"\";<bdsfid="243"></leaguer_grade<<"\";<>cout<<"地址："<<address<<"\";<bdsfid="245"></address<<"\";<>}voidmember::setpay(doublep){if(leaguer_grade==1)pay=.95*p+pay;elseif(leaguer_grade==2)pay=.90*p+pay;elseif(leaguer_grade==3)pay=.85*p+pay;elseif(leaguer_grade==4)pay=.8*p+pay;elseif(leaguer_grade==5)pay=.7*p+pay;elsecout<<"級(jí)別錯(cuò)誤!";}voidhonoured_guest::display(){cout<<"購(gòu)書人姓名:"<<name<<"\";<bdsfid="265"></name<<"\";<>cout<<"購(gòu)書人編號(hào):"<<buyerid<<"\";<bdsfid="267"></buyerid<<"\";<>cout<<"購(gòu)書人為貴賓，折扣率為："<<discount_rate*100<<"%\";<bdsfid="269"></discount_rate*100<<"%\";<>cout<<"地址:"<<address<<"\\";<bdsfid="271"></address<<"\\";<>}voidhonoured_guest::setpay(doublep){pay=pay+(1-discount_rate)*p;}voidlayfolk::display(){cout<<"購(gòu)書人姓名:"<<name<<"\";<bdsfid="278"></name<<"\";<>cout<<"購(gòu)書人編號(hào):"<<buyerid<<"\";<bdsfid="280"></buyerid<<"\";<>cout<<"購(gòu)書人為普通人"<<"\";