河北省保定市2025屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期摸底試題含解析

PAGEPAGE34河北省保定市2025屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期摸底試題（含解析）本試卷由四部分組成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一節(jié)為選擇題。第三部分的其次節(jié)和第四部分為非選擇題?？荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘，滿(mǎn)分150分。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atthestation.B.Inabookstore.C.Inadepartment【答案】C【解析】【分析】W:WhatcanIdoforyou?M:I’mlookingforasilkhatformyforeignfriend.Pleaseshowmesomeoptions.【詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatwillAdamdoA.GotoKyoto.B.Visitthewoman'shouse.C.Havedinnerwiththewoman.【答案】A【解析】【分析】W:Adam,wouldyouliketocometomyhousefordinneronSunday?M:I’dloveto,butI’mleavingforKyotoonSunday.【詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whendoesthetrainleave？A.At7:45.B.At8:45.C.At9:45.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M:It’s7:45.Hurryup!We’regoingtobelate.W:What’sthehurry?Thetraindoesn’tleaveforanhour.【詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Nurseandpatient.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.【答案】A【解析】【分析】W:Hello,thisisDoctorAdler’soffice.Wearecallingtoremindyouofyour10:00appointmentforyourmedicalexamination.M:Oh,thanks.It’ssokindofyoutohavecalled.Ithoughtitwasat11.【詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemovie?A.Itisperfect.B.Itisamusing.C.Itisfantastic.【答案】B【解析】【分析】W:IwenttoseethemovieNezhalastnight?It’sfantastic.I’mreallyexcitedaboutit.Haveyouseenit,Bob?M:Yes,Ihave.Sureit’samusing,butIdon’tthinkitissoperfect.Tobehonest,Iliketheold1979versionbetter.【詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。其次節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給A.B.C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whatisthewoman'sdestination？A.TheCityHall.B.TheBookPlaza.C.TheGrandHotel.7.Howwillthewomangodowntown?A.Bybus.B.Onfoot.C.Byunderground.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】W:Excuseme,sir.Ihavetogodowntown.DoestheNo.16busgodirectlytotheCityHall?M:Yes,itdoes,butitonlycomesbyevery30minutes,orso.You’dbettertaketheunderground.W:OK,thanks.Actually,I’mheretoattendaconference.Ineedtobedowntownby3o’clock.SoIthinkI’lltakeyouradvice.Whereisthenearestundergroundstation?M:Walkstraightdownthisstreetforablock,andyou’llseeanundergroundstationbetweentheGrandHotelandtheBookPlaza.【6題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略?！?題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whyaresomeexpertsstronglyencouragingarmexercises7A.Ourarmsareoftentoofat.B.Ourarmsareoftentoosoft.C.Armexercisescanbuildupourhealth.9.Whatwillhappentoyourbloodpressurewhenyoudoarmexercises7A.Decrease.B.Increase.C.Keepnormal.10.Whatshouldbedonetomatchthearmexercises7A.I.egexercises.B.Backexercises.C.Waistexercises.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【解析】M:Nowsomedoctorsarestronglyencouragingarmexercises.W:Armexercises?Isthatbecauseourarmsaretoofatortoosoft?M:Actually.That’snotthemainreason.Theysaythatarmexercisescanmakeyouphysicallyfit.W:Butdon’tarmexercisesraisethebloodpressure?M:Yes,butthearticleIreadsuggestssomewaystomakeupforthat.W:Really?How?M:Byaddinglegexercises,sothatthearmsdon’tdoallthework.W:Andinreturn,I’msurethatthere’sagoodchanceoflosingweight.M:Soundsrighttome.W:Sowhatexercisesdotheexpertssuggest?M:Theymentionedquiteafewexercises,butoneofthemostpopularonesiscycling.W:Good,Iwilltrythat.【8題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略?！?題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略?！?0題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.Howlonghasthemanbeenworkingasacomputerprogrammer?A.3years.B.4years.C.5years.12.Whydidthemanquithislastjob?A.Hewasfired.B.Hehopestogetabetterposition.C.Hewantstodosomethinghe'sfamiliarwith.13.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hegetsalongwellwithhiscolleagues.B.Hehasnevermetwithanyfailure.C.Heisstillacollegestudent.【答案】11.B12.B13.A【解析】W:Goodmorning!Pleaseintroduceyourselfbriefly.M:IamhardworkingandresponsibleforanyprojectIundertake.W:Givemeasummaryofyourworkexperience,please.M:Ihavebeenworkingasacomputerprogrammerforfouryears.Tobespecific,Idosystemanalysisandprovidesoftwaresupport.W:Whydidyouquityourlastjob?M:Well,Iamhopingtobeofferedabetterposition.W:Whatcontributiondoyouthinkyouhavemadetoyourpreviousorganization?M:WithmystrongacademicbackgroundIfinishedthreenewprojects.AndIamsureIcanapplymyexperiencetothisposition.W:Howdoyourfriendsorcolleaguesdescribeyou?M:TheysayIamhonest,friendly,hard-working,determinedandresponsible.W:Howdoyouhandlefailure?M.Noneofuswasbornperfect.Iwillbegivenasecondchancetocorrectmymistake.W:Thankyouforyourapplication.Wewillcontactyounextweek.M:Thankyou.【11題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略?！?2題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。【13題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.AfriendlyGermanfamily.B.AsummerGermancourse.C.Asummervacationexperience.15.WhichcountrydidChuckstayinlongest?A.Italy.B.France.C.Germany.16.Whendidthevacationstart?A.OnJuly4.B.OnJulyil.C.OnJuly18.17.WhatisMr.Stein?A.Adoctor.B.Ateacher.C.Anengineer.【答案】14.C15.C16.A17.C【解析】W:Wheredidyougothissummer,Chuck?M:IwenttoGermany,France,Spain,Italy,andAustria.Ofallthosecountries,IstayedinGermanythelongest.W:HowlongdidyoustayinGermany?M:Fourweeks.ItookasummerGermancourseinBerlin.W:Whendidthecoursestart?M:OnJuly11.Aweekafterthevacationstarted.W:WheredidyouliveduringyourstayinBerlin?M:IlivedwiththeSteins.Mr.Steinisanengineer,hiswifeisateacherandhisdaughterisadoctor.Theywerefriendlytome.W:Whatdidyouusuallyhave?M:Iusuallyhadbreadwithmilkforbreakfast,chickenandfishforlunchandbeefforsupper.W:DidyouoftentraveltootherplacesinGermanyatweekends?M:Sure.Idid.Forexample,IwenttoHamburgonJuly20,DresdenonJuly27andKielonAugust4.IreallyenjoyedmylifeinGermany,althoughitwasmostlybusy.【14題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略?！?5題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。【16題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。【17題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】18.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Chairingameeting.B.Hostingaradioprogram.C.Conductingajobinterview.19.Whatmaycausesleeplessness?A.Drinkingwaterduringtheday.B.Eatingheavilybeforesleep.C.AIongeveningwalk.20.WhatdoesIackofpropersleepleadto?A.Inabilitytoconcentrate.B.Daytimesleeplessness.C.Lowbloodpressure.【答案】18.B19.B20.A【解析】W:OK.Picturethis:you’retiredafteralongworkday,andtheonlythingyoucandreamaboutisthrowingyourselfonthebedandgettingtosleep.Notgonnahappen!Howcome?Well,thereasonmightbeverysimple.1.DrinkingWaterButwait,thenwhydotheykeepsaying,“drinkmorewater,it’llmakeyouhealthy”?Well,that’strue,butstop“watering”yourbodyonehourbeforeyousleep.2.EatingHeavilyBeforeSleepEatingalotbeforegoingtobedcancausenightmares.Trynottoeatanything2to3hoursbeforebedtime.3.ExercisingExercisingisahealthyandeffectivewaytokeepyourbodyfit.But...notbeforegoingtobed!Trytoexerciseatleast4hoursbeforegoingtobed.Andifyouneedtorelievestressafteraworkday,goforalongeveningwalk.Soitisthesamewithplayingwithcellphones,readingbooks,drinkingcoffeeandsoon.Sleepisextremelyimportantforyourbody.Lackofpropersleepleadstodaytimesleepiness,inabilitytoconcentrate,stress,andevenhighbloodpressure.So,trytoavoiddoingthethingsmentionedinthisprogrambeforegoingtobed.【18題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略?！?9題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。【20題詳解】此題為聽(tīng)力題，聽(tīng)力略。其次部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分40分)閱讀短文,從每題所給的A.B.C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheOutdoorCityAdventureBookFestivalForoneweekinJuly,SheffieldCentralLibrarybecomesthecenterofadventureintheOutdoorCity.Checkoutsomeoftheevents.Mostofthemarefreebutearlybookingisrecommended.July10BeeQuest-AHuntfortheWorld'sMostElusive(難以捕獲的)BeesCentrallibraryCarpenterRoom,7:008:30pm.Ahuntfortheworld'smostelusivebeesleadsProfessorDaveGoulsonfromPolandtoPatagonia,deepintotheEcuadorianJungle.Healsoexploresclosertohome.Amongsecretplaceshiddenrightunderournosesandthroughhisscientificexpertise(專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)問(wèn)),showsusthatbeautyhidesinthemostsurprisingplaces.July11ClarionCall:AHeartfeltTributetoSheffield'sAccessPioneersCentralI.ibraryCarpenterRoom,l0:30-11:30am.Well-knownwalker,activistandcampaigner,TerryHowardtakesusbackahundredyearsandsharesthestoryoftheroleSheffieldersplayedinthefirstfightsforourrighttofreelywalkonthePeakDistrictmoors(曠野).TheClarionRamblersisthoughttobethefirstworkingclasswalkingclub.Thisisthestoryoftheirimportantroleingainingustheaccessweallenjoytoday.July12TheWainwrightsinColorCentralLibraryCarpenterRoom,I:302:30pm.InspiredbytheworkofthegreatAlfredWainwright,over10yearsAndyBeckhasreproducedinwatercoloralll,500picturesdrawninAPictorialGuidetotheLakelandFells.AndyspeaksabouthowthescenesintheLakeDistricthavechangedduringthelast50years.July13Craft(制作)YourOwnAdventureJournal-AWorkshopCentralLibraryReadingRoom,2:00-3:00pm,￡5.Learnpapercrafttechniquestomakeyourownbeautifultraveljournal.Getadvicefromourexperttutoronusingoldphotosadventuresandholidays.Collectingstoriesandmemoriesfromyour.21.Whicheventshouldyouchooseifyou'reinterestedinbees?A.BeeQuest.B.ClarionCall.C.TheWainwrightsinColor.D.CraftYourOwnAdventureJournal.22.WhatdayistherighttimetosharethestoryofSheffielders?A.July10.B.July11.C.July12.D.July13.23.WhatisspecialaboutCraftYourOwnAdventureJournal?A.Itlaststhelongest.B.Itneedsreservation.C.Itcallsforadmissioncharges.D.Itoffersthemostinterestingstories.【答案】21.A22.B23.C【解析】【分析】本文為應(yīng)用文。本文主要敘述了幾個(gè)戶(hù)外城市探險(xiǎn)書(shū)展。在七月的一個(gè)星期里，謝菲爾德中心圖書(shū)館成為戶(hù)外城市的冒險(xiǎn)中心。這些事務(wù)，大部分都是免費(fèi)的，但建議大家要提前預(yù)訂?！?1題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)“BeeQuest”中的BeeQuest-AHuntfortheWorld'sMostElusive(難以捕獲的)BeesCentrallibraryCarpenterRoom,可知，BeeQuest中可找尋世界上最難以捉摸的蜜蜂，假如你對(duì)蜜蜂感愛(ài)好，可以到BeeQuest，A符合題意，故選A。【22題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)“July11ClarionCall:AHeartfeltTributetoSheffield's”部分中的CentralIibraryCarpenterRoom,...Thisisthestoryoftheirimportantroleingainingustheaccessweallenjoytoday”可知，在7月11日的ClarionCall是共享謝菲爾德故事的最佳時(shí)機(jī)。B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一個(gè)活動(dòng)“Craft(制作)YourOwnAdventureJournal-AWorkshopCentralLibraryReadingRoom,2:00-3:00pm,￡5.”可知，在這個(gè)活動(dòng)中，要收取費(fèi)用5英鎊。而上文其他的活動(dòng)中都不收取費(fèi)用，這是這個(gè)活動(dòng)與其他不同之處，故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】新聞廣告類(lèi)材料是高考的熱門(mén)考題。其文句簡(jiǎn)練，信息量大，句式運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)潔，表達(dá)方式多樣，但閱讀這類(lèi)題目也是有規(guī)律可循的。此類(lèi)文章主要考查學(xué)生提取信息和處理信息的實(shí)力。既留意特定細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的篩選、類(lèi)比、綜合，雙留意推理推斷題的考查。題目設(shè)置相對(duì)較易。做這類(lèi)題時(shí)沒(méi)有必要閱讀全文。宜采納“倒序法”和尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、對(duì)比，有根有據(jù)地解除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。如第2小題，依據(jù)題目“WhatdayistherighttimetosharethestoryofSheffielders?”中的heffielders定位于“July11ClarionCall:AHeartfeltTributetoSheffield's”。依據(jù)本部分中的CentralI.ibraryCarpenterRoom,...Thisisthestoryoftheirimportantroleingainingustheaccessweallenjoytoday”可知，在7月11日的ClarionCall中共享謝菲爾德故事的最佳時(shí)機(jī)。B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B。BAphotographyexhibitionbyFrenchartistSanBartolomeentitledMoonDoorDreamersopenedinthe798ArtZoneinBeijingonDecember10.2011,presentingacross-culturalperspective(視角)onordinarylifeinthecapitalcity.BartolometookthesephotosinAugust2008,andproducedavideonamedTwoWorlds,OneDream.TheseworksweredisplayedinPingyao,anancientcityinShanxiProvince,underthetitleBeijingMidsummerNightDreaminSeptember2010.ThemoondoorsserveasakeyholethroughwhichonecancatchaglimpseofasliceofBeijinglife.HegothisinspirationfromonecyclingtriptothesoutheasternsuburbofBeijing,wherehediscoveredapeculiarstreetalongwhichagraybrickwallwasbuilttocovertheshabbybungalows.Thesecabinsweremostlyrentedbymigrantworkers-peddlers,craftsmen,grocersandinnkeepers.Bornin1950,Bartolomehasworkedasaphotographer,stagedirector.Artisticmanager,writeranddiplomat.AnotedSinophile,BartolomefrequentlyvisitsChinaforphotographicsubjects.Inthefallof2003,hejoinedtheFrenchEmbassyinBeijingasaculturalattache.HisworkexperienceinChinafrom2003to2015furtherenhancedhisawarenessofandloveforChina.BartolomenotonlylovesChineseculturebutalsotheChinesepeople.HethinksthatChinesepeoplearekind,welcominganddiverse.BackfromhisbikeridetosoutheasternBeijing,hedecidedtoshootpicturesaboutordinaryurbanlifestyles.Heobserveddwellerscarefullyandmadefriendswiththem.Afterabout30daysandnightsthathespentwiththesecommonmigrants,hecreatedanumberofportraits.Meanwhile,helearnedmoreaboutthoseruralmigrantswhoearntheirlivinginacitywithwhichtheyareunfamiliar.Headoptedanoptimisticperspectivetoshootthesights,andheborrowedthetitleofoneofWilliamShakespearescomedyworks:AMidsummerNight'sDream.24.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheexhibition?ATopresentBartolome'sphotographicskills.B.TotellusBartolome'sworkexperienceinBeijing.C.ToshowusBartolome'sopitimisticviewonordionarylifeinBeijing.D.Tobuildacross-culturalcommunicationbridgebetweenChinaandFrance.25.WhatinspiresBartolometoshootpicturesaboutordinaryurbanstyles?A.HisbikeridetoSoutheasternsuburbofBeijing.B.HisworkexperienceintheFrenchEmbassyinBeijing.C.HisvisittotheancientcityofPingyao.D.Shakespeare'scomedywork:AMidsummerNight'sDream.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Sinaphile"inparagraph4referto?A.Asuccessfularitist.B.Aculturalattache.C.Apersonofstatus.D.AfanofChina.27.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.AFrenchartisttellsChinesestorieswithhiscamera.B.AFrenchartistfrequentlyvisitsChinaforphotography.C.MigrantworkersliveasimplebuthappylifeinBeijing.D.MoonDoorsserveasawindowtodisplayChinatotheworld.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.A【解析】【分析】本文為記敘文。主要敘述了法國(guó)藝術(shù)家圣巴托洛姆在北京798藝術(shù)區(qū)舉辦的名為“月亮之門(mén)幻想家”的攝影展,從跨文化角度呈現(xiàn)了一般城市的生活以及拍攝的緣由?！?4題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“presentingacross-culturalperspective(視角)onordinarylifeinthecapitalcity.”以及最終一段“Headoptedanoptimisticperspectivetoshootthesights,”可知，這次攝影展用一種跨文化視角來(lái)展示首都的一般生活，他以樂(lè)觀(guān)的角度拍攝的。由此推斷出攝影展向我們展示巴托羅姆對(duì)北京城市生活的樂(lè)觀(guān)看法。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“HegothisinspirationfromonecyclingtriptothesoutheasternsuburbofBeijing,...”以及第六段“BackfromhisbikeridetosoutheasternBeijing,hedecidedtoshootpicturesaboutordinaryurbanlifestyles”可知他（拍攝）的靈感來(lái)自一次去北京東南郊的騎行之旅，...?；氐奖本┲?，他確定拍攝一些關(guān)于一般城市生活方式的照片?？芍撬T自行車(chē)去北京的東南郊區(qū)激發(fā)了他拍攝一般城市的生活。分析選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)符合題意，故選A。【26題詳解】揣測(cè)詞義題。依據(jù)第四段劃線(xiàn)詞“Sinaphile”后的內(nèi)容可知,巴托羅姆為了這個(gè)攝影主題常常訪(fǎng)問(wèn)中國(guó)。2003年秋，他以文化專(zhuān)員的身份加入了法國(guó)駐北京大使館。從2003年到2015年，他在中國(guó)的多年工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)讓他加深了對(duì)中國(guó)的相識(shí)和酷愛(ài)。由此可知，他是一個(gè)酷愛(ài)中國(guó)的人，喜愛(ài)了解中國(guó)，是一個(gè)“中國(guó)迷”。分析選項(xiàng)A.Asuccessfularitist勝利的藝術(shù)家；B.Aculturalattache文化專(zhuān)員；C.Apersonofstatus有地位的人；D.AfanofChina.中國(guó)迷。由此可知D項(xiàng)符合題意，故選D?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。本文第一段敘述了法國(guó)藝術(shù)家圣巴托洛姆在北京798藝術(shù)區(qū)舉辦的名為“月亮之門(mén)幻想家”的攝影綻開(kāi)幕從一個(gè)跨文化視角來(lái)展示在首都的一般生活。接著敘述了為什么拍攝中國(guó)一般城市的生活，用攝影機(jī)拍攝他在中國(guó)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)表現(xiàn)對(duì)中國(guó)的酷愛(ài)。由此可知本文主要敘述了一個(gè)法國(guó)藝術(shù)家用他的相機(jī)講解并描述中國(guó)故事。故A符合題意?！军c(diǎn)睛】高考中詞義推斷可以是一個(gè)單詞的意義推斷，也可以是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或句子的意義推斷，既可以是生詞意義，也可以是熟詞新意；還可以是對(duì)替代詞所替代內(nèi)容的推斷。由于上下文中的生詞不是孤立存在的，其詞義與句中其它詞的詞義或具體的語(yǔ)境有著親密的聯(lián)系。因此在閱讀過(guò)程中，很多生詞的詞義可以充分利用上下文中相關(guān)的詞匯，短語(yǔ)并結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境來(lái)推想。如第3小題屬于揣測(cè)詞義題。依據(jù)第四段劃線(xiàn)詞“Sinaphile”后的內(nèi)容可知,巴托羅姆為了這個(gè)攝影主題常常訪(fǎng)問(wèn)中國(guó)。2003年秋，他以文化專(zhuān)員的身份加入了法國(guó)駐北京大使館。從2003年到2015年，他在中國(guó)的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步增加了他對(duì)中國(guó)的相識(shí)和酷愛(ài)。由此可知，他是一個(gè)酷愛(ài)中國(guó)的人，喜愛(ài)了解中國(guó)，是一個(gè)“中國(guó)迷”。分析選項(xiàng)A.Asuccessfularitist勝利的藝術(shù)家；B.Aculturalattache文化專(zhuān)員；C.Apersonofstatus有地位的人；D.AfanofChina.中國(guó)迷。由此可知D項(xiàng)符合題意，故選D。CIn1953，amountainclimberreportedseeingabar-headedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest(珠穆朗瑪).Itwasthoughtimpossible.Nowresearcherswhoraised19ofthegeese—namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads—haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh.Theteamtrainedtheyoungsterstoflyinalargewindtunnelwearingbackpacksandfacemasksfullofsensorsthatrecordedtheirheartrate.bloodoxygenlevels,temperature,andmetabolicrate—howmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.Theresearcherssimulated(模擬)10w-,medium-,andhigh-altitudeconditionsbyalteringtheconcentrationofoxygensuppliedtofacemaskswornbyeachgooseasitflewinthetunnel.Birdsalreadyhaveabetterheartandlungsthanmammalsforsustainedphysicalactivity.Andresearchersknewthatbar-headedgeesehaveevenlarger,thinnerlungsthatletthembreathemoredeeplyandanevenbiggerhearttopumpmoreoxygentomusclesthanotherbirds.Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygenwasatitslowest-likethe7%foundontopofMountEverestversus21%atsealevel—thegeese'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesameevenastheirmetabolicratedropped.Somehow,thebirdsmanagedtocooldowntheirblood-themeasuredbloodtemperaturedroppedsoitcouldtakeinmoreoxygen,theresearchersreporttodayineLife.Thiscoolinglikelyhelpscompensatefortheverythinair,theteamsays.Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostayintheairafewminutes-orIesswhenwearingtheirbackpacksandflyingat6ihigh"altitudes.Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest.ButthosefewminutesshowedthesegeesereallycouldflyoverthetopofMountEverest.28.Whydidtheresearchersraise19bar-headedgeeseandtrainthem?A.Totesttheflyingheightandspeedofthem.B.ToconfirmtheycouldflyoverMountEverest.C.Toobservethemflyingthroughthewindtunnel.D.Toseehowmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthewindtunnelexperiment?A.Itwascarriedoutatveryhighaltitude.B.Thegeesemanagedtobreathelesswhentheirblooddecreased.C.Thegeesecouldlivethroughthelowestconcentrationofoxygen.D.Itshowsthegeesecouldflyathighaltitudeforlong.30.Whatstillpuzzlesscientistsaboutthegeese?A.Whethertheyhavesuperheartsandlungs.B.Whethertheyhavemusclespumpedmoreoxygento.C.Whethertheyarewillingtowearbackpacksandfacemasks.D.Whethertheycanmanagetofly8hourstoclimboverMountEverest.31.Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?A.Asciencefiction.B.Aclimbingguide.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Asciencereport.【答案】28.B29.C30.D31.D【解析】【分析】本文為說(shuō)明文。登山者報(bào)告說(shuō)看到一只長(zhǎng)頸鵝翱翔在珠穆朗瑪峰的頂峰，為了確認(rèn)其真實(shí)性，探討人員養(yǎng)了18只這種鵝，在大型風(fēng)洞中訓(xùn)練它們飛行。結(jié)果發(fā)覺(jué)這種鵝可以在氧氣極低的狀況下飛行，但停留時(shí)間只有幾分鐘，因此能否飛過(guò)珠峰尚不明確?！?8題詳解】推理推斷題。第一段“In1953，amountainclimberreportedseeingabar-headedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest.Itwasthoughtimpossible.”報(bào)道說(shuō)，一名登山者看到一只斑頭鵝飛過(guò)珠穆朗瑪峰。人們認(rèn)為這是不行能的。因此下文“Nowresearcherswhoraised19ofthegeese-namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads-haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh.”現(xiàn)在探討人員飼養(yǎng)了這種鵝，他們發(fā)覺(jué)這些鵝真的飛得很高。最終一段“Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest.ButthosefewminutesshowedthesegeesereallycouldflyoverthetopofMountEverest.”但是否能讓這種鵝飛8小時(shí)爬上珠穆朗瑪峰尚不清晰。由此可推斷出探討人員飼養(yǎng)這種鵝是為了證明這種鵝是否能飛過(guò)珠峰。分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B?！?9題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段“Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygen...thegeese'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesameevenastheirmetabolicratedroppedtheresearchersreporttodayinelife.Thiscoolinglikelyhelpscomp”可知風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)表明，當(dāng)氧氣濃度最低時(shí)，鵝的心率和翅膀搏動(dòng)頻率保持不變，即使它們的新陳代謝率下降。探討人員今日在《伊利費(fèi)》雜志上報(bào)道說(shuō)，...這種降溫可能有助于補(bǔ)償空氣的淡薄。第五段“Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostayintheairafewminutes-orIess...”盡管訓(xùn)練有素，但這些鳥(niǎo)只情愿在空中呆上幾分鐘。這兩處綜合推斷出，鵝可以在最低濃度的氧氣中生存。由此可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C?！?0題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest.”可知，“目前尚不清晰的是，只有這些適應(yīng)性變更能否可以飛行8小時(shí)爬上珠穆朗瑪峰?！狈治鲞x項(xiàng)可知，D項(xiàng)（他們是否能飛8小時(shí)飛越珠穆朗瑪峰）符合題意，故選D?！?1題詳解】推理推斷題。第一段中提到登山者報(bào)告說(shuō)看到一只長(zhǎng)頸鵝翱翔在珠穆朗瑪峰的頂峰。為了證明是否可能，探討人員養(yǎng)了18只這種鵝，并在大型風(fēng)洞中訓(xùn)練它們飛行。結(jié)果發(fā)覺(jué)這種鵝可以在氧氣極低的狀況下飛行，但停留時(shí)間只有幾分鐘，因此能否飛過(guò)珠峰尚不明確。由此可知本文屬于科譜文章。分析選項(xiàng)A.Asciencefiction科幻小說(shuō)；B.Aclimbingguide登山指南；C.Atravelbrochure旅游小冊(cè)子；D.Asciencereport科學(xué)報(bào)導(dǎo)可知，D項(xiàng)符合題意，故選D。【點(diǎn)睛】推理推斷試題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。這種題型包括推斷題和推理題。這兩類(lèi)題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的推斷，正確的推斷又依靠于合乎邏輯的推理。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，作出肯定推斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話(huà)，也可是某幾句話(huà)，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字依據(jù)的推理，也不能依據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是說(shuō)，要做到推斷有據(jù),推論有理,忠實(shí)原文。切忌用自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)代替作者的本意，切忌片面思索，得出片面結(jié)論。第4小題屬于推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段“Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygen...thegeese'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesameevenastheirmetabolicratedroppedtheresearchersreporttodayinelife.Thiscoolinglikelyhelpscomp”可知風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)表明，當(dāng)氧氣濃度最低時(shí)，鵝的心率和翅膀搏動(dòng)頻率保持不變，即使它們的新陳代謝率下降。探討人員今日在《伊利費(fèi)》雜志上報(bào)道說(shuō)，...這種降溫可能有助于補(bǔ)償空氣的淡薄。第五段“Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostayintheairafewminutes-orIess...”盡管訓(xùn)練有素，但這些鳥(niǎo)只情愿在空中呆上幾分鐘。這兩處綜合推斷出，鵝可以在最低濃度的氧氣中生存。由此可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。DWaterisanecessityoflife.Rain,especially,helpsplantsgrowandstaygreen.Buttoomuchrain,especiallyincities,canleadtoflooding.Thatcancausewastewatersystemstooverflowandsendpollutantsintoriversandotherwaterways.Tofighttheproblem,severalcitiesintheUnitedStatesarestartingprogramslikerooftopgardens.AteamattheUniversityoftheDistrictofColumbiainthenation'scapitalhascreatedagardenonthetopofoneschoolbuilding.Thegardenholdsmanykindsofplantstohelpabsorbrainwaterandgrowfoodatthesametime.ArchitectDavidBellhasdesignedfive"greenroofs"fortheuniversity.Hesaysheisexcitedabouttheprojectbecause"itmeantdoingsomethingmorethanjustdealingwithstormwatermanagement.Ittookadvantageofaresourceabovethecityandtheseflatroofsthataren'tdoinganythingreallybecamesomethingthatwasabouturbanagriculture."Rainwateriscollectedinlargecontainersandsentthroughasystemthatwaterstherooftopgarden.Theroofisfilledwithgreenlifethatappealstoinsects.Incities,“youdon'thavethatmanyspacestochoosefromandsorooftopsarejust(unused)space,"saysCaitlinArlotta.Sheisastudentintheschool'sUrbanAgricultureprogram.Theprojectispartofaresearchprogramtoseewhichplantsdowellonrooftops.Theresearchersarelookingatplantsincludingstrawberries,tomatoesandsweetpotatoes.Theuniversityalsohasothergreenspaces."Wealsohaveourownfarmexperiments,"Arlottasaid.“Withineachofthosegrowingsystems,wewanttobeabletotellpeoplewhichsortsofthesecropsgrowthebest."SandyFarberBandierhelpsrunUDC'sMasterGardenerprogram.ItseekstoimprovecitiesandmakethembeautifulbytrainingpeopletobecomeMasterGardeners.Shesaysshe'sbeensurprisedbythegarden'soutput.”Mybiggestsurprisewasthatweproduced4,250poundsofproducethefirstyearandwasabletospreadthattopeopleinneed."ShealsolikesbeingabletoshowpeoplewholiveinD.C.andothersbeyondthenation'scapitalwhatandhowfoodcanbegrownonarooftop.“Thisisthefutureforfood.Yougrowithere,youprepareitinacommercialkitchen,youdistributethroughfarmersmarkets,foodtrucks,andthenyourecycle."32.Whatdoweknowabouttherooftopgardens?A.Rooftopgardensareverycommoninaverageneighborhoods.B.Therearemanysortsofplantstherewhichhelptakeinrainwater.C.They'replayinganimportantroleinthecity'sfoodsupply.D.Rooftopgardensarenomorethancontainerstocollectrainwater.33.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.Rooftopscanofferenoughspacetoplantcrops.B.Manyplantslikestrawberriescangrowwellonrooftops.C.SomeunivercitystudentsareparticipatingintheUrbanAgricultureprogram.D.Theplantsinrooftopgardensareattractivetomanyinsects.34.HowdoesSandyFarberBandierfeelaboutthefutureofrooftopgardens?A.Confident.B.Doubtful.C.Worried.D.Ambiguous.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RainwaterNecessityforPlantLifeB.GreenRoofs-TheFutureofUrbanAgricultureC.TheUnitedStates'AgricultureProgramD.RooftopGardens-FoodParadise【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.B【解析】【分析】。本文是說(shuō)明文，介紹的美國(guó)的幾個(gè)城市正在啟動(dòng)屋頂花園等項(xiàng)目。美國(guó)由于雨水過(guò)多，為了避開(kāi)奢侈，美國(guó)的幾個(gè)城市正在啟動(dòng)屋頂花園等項(xiàng)目。在高校校舍的頂部建立花園，種植多種植物汲取雨水，利用城市上空的一種資源，成為了城市農(nóng)業(yè)的一部分。【32題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Thegardenholdsmanykindsofplantstohelpabsorbrainwaterandgrowfoodatthesametime.”可知，花園里有多種植物，可以幫助汲取雨水。由此可知B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B?！?3題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的...CaitlinArlotta.Sheisastudentintheschool'sUrbanAgricultureprogram...“Theresearchersarelookingatplantsincludingstrawberries,tomatoesandsweetpotatoes.Theuniversityalsohasothergreenspaces."Wealsohaveourownfarmexperiments,"?？芍瑒P特琳·阿洛塔是該校都市農(nóng)業(yè)支配的學(xué)生。“探討人員正在探討包括草莓、西紅柿和甘薯在內(nèi)的植物。這所高校還有其他綠地。”，“我們也有自己的農(nóng)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)”，由此可推斷出有很多高校生正在參與這項(xiàng)城市農(nóng)業(yè)支配。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。【34題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段ShealsolikesbeingabletoshowpeoplewholiveinD.C.andothersbeyondthenation'scapitalwhat~andhow~foodcanbegrownonarooftop.“Thisisthefutureforfood.Yougrowithere,youprepareitinacommercialkitchen,youdistributethroughfarmersmarkets.foodtrucks,andthenyourecycle."SandyFarberBandier喜愛(ài)向住在華盛頓特區(qū)和首都以外地區(qū)的人們展示在屋頂上可以種植什么以及如何種植食物。她認(rèn)為“這是食品的將來(lái)。你在這里種植，在商業(yè)廚房里準(zhǔn)備，通過(guò)農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)分發(fā)。食品卡車(chē)，然后回收利用?！庇纱丝赏茢喑鏊龑?duì)于屋頂花園的將來(lái)很自信。分析選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)符合題意，故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。第一段說(shuō)美國(guó)由于雨水過(guò)多，為了避開(kāi)奢侈，美國(guó)的幾個(gè)城市正在啟動(dòng)屋頂花園等項(xiàng)目。接著下文進(jìn)行了具體介紹了在高校校舍的頂部建立花園，種植多種植物汲取雨水，利用城市上空的一種資源，成為了城市農(nóng)業(yè)的一部分，有人認(rèn)為這是將來(lái)的食物。由此可知，本文主要敘述了綠色屋頂城市農(nóng)業(yè)的將來(lái)。綜觀(guān)全文可知，文中g(shù)reenroofs（綠色屋頂）貫穿全文，第一段最終一句greenroofs（綠色屋頂）是建在城市的農(nóng)業(yè)（UrbanAgriculture），分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】選擇標(biāo)題在英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中屬于主旨大意題，是一種深層理解題。要求考生在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，細(xì)致分析文章大意及作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。通常狀況下，標(biāo)題要有依據(jù)性，針對(duì)性和醒目性的特點(diǎn)。所謂概括性，就是指標(biāo)題應(yīng)最大程度上覆蓋全文，囊括文章的主要內(nèi)容，體現(xiàn)文章的主題。針對(duì)性就是對(duì)標(biāo)題外延的一種界定，標(biāo)題要干脆指向文章的主要特點(diǎn)。如第4小題屬于選擇最佳標(biāo)題。第一段說(shuō)美國(guó)由于雨水過(guò)多，為了避開(kāi)奢侈，美國(guó)的幾個(gè)城市正在啟動(dòng)屋頂花園等項(xiàng)目。接著下文進(jìn)行了具體介紹了在高校校舍的頂部建立花園，種植多種植物汲取雨水，利用城市上空的一種資源，成為了城市農(nóng)業(yè)的一部分，有人認(rèn)為這是將來(lái)的食物。由此可知，本文主要敘述了綠色屋頂城市農(nóng)業(yè)的將來(lái)。綜觀(guān)全文可知，文中g(shù)reenroofs（綠色屋頂）貫穿全文，第一段最終一句greenroofs（綠色屋頂）是建在城市的農(nóng)業(yè)（UrbanAgriculture），分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B。確定最佳標(biāo)題的方法。在閱讀文章時(shí)，要留意文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或強(qiáng)調(diào)的信息，找尋與文章大多數(shù)內(nèi)容相關(guān)的信息。找出覆蓋全文的核心詞匯，看選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是否切中文章的中心論題。也就是要看選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與作者的寫(xiě)作目的是否一樣。如第4小題，文章反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的單詞是greenroofs，這與選項(xiàng)B中的GreenRoofs-TheFutureofUrbanAgriculture相照應(yīng)其次節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Let'sfaceit,mostofusarereallybusy.Sobusythatwedon'tmaketimeforcreativity.Eventh