2021-2022學(xué)年北京市房山區(qū)高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷（解析版）

2021-2022學(xué)年北京市房山區(qū)高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷本試卷共11頁(yè)，100分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回，試卷自行保存。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Inthefirstpartofmyfreshmanyear,Iwasfineandearnedgoodgrades.ThenIbecametoo___1___withmywork.IhadsomanyactivitiesthatIhardlyhadtimetorelaxmyself.Thenmy___2___begandropping.MyfriendsleftmebecauseInolongerenjoyedbeingwiththem.WhenIwenttomydoctor,heseemedvery___3___,eventhougheverythingphysicalappearedallright.Whenhewasdone,hetoldmethatwehadtotalkaboutmy___4___,andhowmybehaviorhadchanged.WhenItoldhimIwasallright,hesaidthatIdidn’tshowmyrealfeelings.Bythenmyhairwasfallingoutinlargeclumps,whichmadememore___5___.IfeltasifIcouldnotevenleavemyhouse.Finally,Imetwithatherapist(治療專家).Shediagnosedmewithananxietydisorder.Iwasrelievedtoknowwhatwaswrong,andthatthingwould___6___.Iworehatstocovermybaldhead.Irealizedthatitdoesn’tmatterwhatIlooklikeontheoutside;itismycharacterthatcounts.Thingsbegantolookup.I___7___worryingasmuch.Myhairslowlygrewback,sodidmy___8___.Ibegantoleavethehouseandinteractwithothers.Thatyear,Iagaintriedhardinschool,butImadesureIdidn’toverloadmyself.Ibecameoneofthetopstudentsinmyclass,agoalIhadnever___9___before.It’sfunnyhowsomethingbadhadtohappentomakemerealizehow____10____lifereallyis.1.A.busy B.careful C.pleased D.content2.A.money B.luck C.grades D.skills3.A.disappointed B.worried C.excited D.moved4.A.attitude B.school C.friends D.feelings5.A.disappointed B.anxious C.satisfied D.relaxed6.A.improve B.worsen C.end D.happen7.A.disliked B.minded C.stopped D.enjoyed8.A.desire B.ambition C.love D.confidence9.A.achieved B.made C.missed D.predicted10.A.bad B.good C.magical D.difficult【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B6.A7.C8.D9.A10.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者因?yàn)槊β?，學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)下降焦慮，后來脫發(fā)。在治療專家的治療下，作者頭發(fā)長(zhǎng)出來后，重拾自信，努力學(xué)習(xí)成為了班級(jí)優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生之一。這讓作者意識(shí)到發(fā)生了一些壞事才讓人意識(shí)到生活其實(shí)有多美好?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我的工作變得太忙了。A.busy忙碌的；B.careful小心的；C.pleased高興的；D.content滿足的。根據(jù)后文“IhadsomanyactivitiesthatIhardlyhadtimetorelaxmyself.”可知，因?yàn)樽髡哂泻芏嗷顒?dòng)，所以作者很忙碌。故選A。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我的成績(jī)開始下降。A.money金錢；B.luck運(yùn)氣；C.grades成績(jī)；D.skills技巧。前文提到作者太忙了，有太多的活動(dòng)，所以這導(dǎo)致作者的成績(jī)下降。故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我去看醫(yī)生的時(shí)候，他看起來很擔(dān)心，盡管身體上看起來一切正常。A.disappointed失望的；B.worried著急的，擔(dān)心的；C.excited激動(dòng)的；D.moved感動(dòng)的。根據(jù)后文“WhenItoldhimIwasallright,hesaidthatIdidn’tshowmyrealfeelings.”可知，醫(yī)生開始為作者感到擔(dān)憂。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他結(jié)束后，他告訴我，我們必須談?wù)勎业母惺埽约拔业男袨槭侨绾胃淖兊?。A.attitude態(tài)度；B.school學(xué)校；C.friends朋友；D.feelings感受。根據(jù)后文“WhenItoldhimIwasallright,hesaidthatIdidn’tshowmyrealfeelings.”可知，醫(yī)生想要和作者談?wù)勛髡叩母惺?。故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：到那時(shí)，我的頭發(fā)大量地脫落，這使我更加焦慮。A.disappointed失望的；B.anxious焦慮的；C.satisfied滿足的；D.relaxed放松的。由前文“Bythenmyhairwasfallingoutinlargeclumps”可知，因?yàn)樽髡叩念^發(fā)大量脫落，這讓作者更加焦慮。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：知道出了什么問題，我松了一口氣，事情會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)的。A.improve改善；B.worsen變?cè)愀?；C.end結(jié)束；D.happen發(fā)生。根據(jù)前文“Iwasrelievedto”可知，因?yàn)樽髡咚闪艘豢跉猓纱丝芍?，作者的情況會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)的。故選A。【7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不再那么擔(dān)心了。A.disliked不喜歡；B.minded介意；C.stopped停止；D.enjoyed喜歡。根據(jù)前文“Thingsbegantolookup.”可知，因?yàn)榍闆r開始好轉(zhuǎn)，所以作者不再那么擔(dān)心了。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的頭發(fā)慢慢長(zhǎng)回來了，我的自信也回來了。A.desire欲望；B.ambition野心；C.love愛；D.confidence自信。根據(jù)后文“Ibegantoleavethehouseandinteractwithothers.”可知，因?yàn)樽髡叩念^發(fā)長(zhǎng)出來了，自信了，他也開始離開家和別人交流了。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我成為班里最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生之一，這是我以前從未實(shí)現(xiàn)過的目標(biāo)。A.achieved實(shí)現(xiàn)；B.made制作；C.missed錯(cuò)過，思念；D.predicted預(yù)測(cè)。根據(jù)前文“Ibecameoneofthetopstudentsinmyclass”可知，成為班里最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生是作者未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)過的夢(mèng)想；achieveone’sdream實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想，固定搭配。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有趣的是，發(fā)生了一些壞事才讓我意識(shí)到生活其實(shí)有多美好。A.bad壞的；B.good好的；C.magical有魔法的；D.difficult困難的。此處需用形容詞good與空前bad對(duì)應(yīng)，表示發(fā)生了一些壞的事情才能意識(shí)到生活的美好。故選B。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Thesolution___11___themysteryofthemonarch’samazingabilitycomesatatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.Itspopulation___12___(crash)byasmuchas90percentinthelastfewyears.___13___(sad),humanactivityisthemainreason___14___thenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.Nowadays,peoplehaveagreaterawarenessofthiscreatureandtheyareworkingtogethertoprotectthem.【答案】11.to12.hascrashed13.Sadly14.why【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了黑脈金斑蝶數(shù)量下降的原因。11題詳解】考查介詞。句意：黑脈金斑蝶這一驚人能力的奧秘被揭曉時(shí)，這一生物正處于水深火熱的生存狀態(tài)中。thesolutionto…“……的答案”，固定搭配，所以空處需用介詞to。故填to?！?2題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：其數(shù)量在近幾年內(nèi)減少了百分之九十之多。由時(shí)間狀語inthelastfewyears可知，空處謂語動(dòng)詞需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：have/hasdone，主語是名詞population，所以此處助動(dòng)詞需用has。故填hascrashed。【13題詳解】考查副詞。句意：可悲的是，人類活動(dòng)是黑脈金斑蝶數(shù)量下降的主要原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用副詞作狀語修飾整個(gè)句子，sad的副詞為sadly“可悲的是”，句首單詞首字母需大寫。故填Sadly?！?4題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：同上。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是reason，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作原因狀語從句，所以空處需用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填why。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mumencouragedmetotrydifferent___15___(kind)offood,andIdid!Ilovedeverything.Butjust___16___IthoughtIcoulddealwithallChinesefood,Icameacrossstinkytofu,ahorriblegreythingthatlookedandsmeltlikeaburntsportsshoe,butIgatheredallmycouragetotakeabiteandwasamazed___17___(find)itwasn’tsobad.【答案】15.kinds16.when17.tofind【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者第一次吃中國(guó)臭豆腐的經(jīng)歷。【15題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)和固定搭配。句意：媽媽鼓勵(lì)我嘗試不同種類的食物，我做到了!形容詞different后需接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，所以空處需用kinds，differentkindsof…各種各樣的，固定搭配。故填kinds?！?6題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：但就在我以為我可以應(yīng)付所有的中國(guó)食物時(shí)，我遇到了臭豆腐，一種可怕的灰色東西，看起來和聞起來像一只燒焦的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋，但我鼓足勇氣咬了一口，驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)它并沒有那么糟糕。根據(jù)空前后句意可知，空處需用when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。故填when?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：同上。beamazedtodosth.對(duì)做某事感到驚訝，固定搭配。故填tofind。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Nowthereareover7,000charityshopsintheUK.Thefirstcharityshop___18___(found)byOxfamin1947.Thingsincharityshopsaremuch___19___(cheap)thanthoseinstreetstores.Peoplegivethingstocharityshopsforfree.Mostofthethingshavebeenused___20___theyarewellcleanedandrepaired.Soyoucanbuyusefulthingswithlessmoneyincharityshops.【答案】18.wasfounded19.cheaper20.but【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了英國(guó)的慈善商店的一些基本情況?！?8題詳解】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：第一家慈善商店是由Oxfam在1947年創(chuàng)建的。found建立，動(dòng)詞作謂語；由時(shí)間狀語in1947可知，空處謂語動(dòng)詞需用一般過去時(shí)，表示過去發(fā)生的事情，因?yàn)樯痰瓯粍?chuàng)建，所以空處謂語動(dòng)詞需用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was/weredone，主語是單數(shù)，所以be動(dòng)詞需用was。故填wasfounded?！?9題詳解】考查比較級(jí)。句意：慈善商店里的東西比街頭商店里的便宜得多。由空后than可知，空處需用形容詞cheap的比較級(jí)cheaper，表示更便宜。故填cheaper?！?0題詳解】考查連詞。句意：大部分東西都是用過的，但它們都很干凈和修理得很好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用連詞連接前后句；結(jié)合句意可知，空前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以空處需用連詞but引導(dǎo)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句。故填but。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AOurConservation&EnvironmentProjectsareidealforpeoplewhowanttohelpwithenvironmentalconservationefforts,andcarryoutfieldworkinfascinatinghabitats.You’llbeactivelyinvolvedinconservationefforts,whichincludeseducatinglocalpeopleabouttheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.Wesharethesamegoal:toprotectourplanetforyearstocome.Sogetyourbackpackbecauseyou’regoingonanenvironmentaltraveladventure!Ourenvironmentalandwildlifeconservationprojectscoveranincrediblerangeofspeciesandenvironments.Ifyouloveworkingonprojectstohelptheenvironmentandanimals,youcanunleashyourpassionindifferentwayslike:JungleReforestationVolunteerscantraveltotheAmazonrainforestinPerutoassistwithreforestation.Volunteersmuststayforatleasttwoweekstogetthemostoutofthisprogram–learnmoreandtosignup!SriLankaElephantExperienceIfyouwanttogoonatropicalgetawaywhereyoucanalsodogood,checkouttheSriLankaElephantexperience,whereyou’llhavethechancetoworkalongsideamahouttocareforelephants.Thisprogramstartsfromtwoweeksat$600–learnmorehere!MarineConservationinSouthAfricaCheckoutthemarineconservationvolunteerprograminSouthAfrica,whereyoucangetupclosetomarinewildlife.Programfeesare$525tostartforoneweek,andyoucanstayuptothreemonths–Learnmoreandsignuphere!SouthAfricaBig5WildlifeExperienceYoucanvisitSouthAfricaandvolunteeronaworld-classwildlifereserve,whereyouwillgetupclosewithelephants,lions,rhinosandotheramazinganimals.Thisprogramstartsfrom$795foryourfirsttwoweeks–clickheretolearnmoreandtosignup!You’llsupportandlearnfromprofessionalenvironmentalistsandscientists,aswellaspeoplefromthelocalcommunity.Weoffersafe,ethical,andsustainablewildlifeandenvironmentalconservationprojects,andyou’llalwaysbeawareoftheimpactofyourwork.Inadditiontomakingadifferenceonananimalcareprogram,you’lldevelopimportantskillsforworkinginwildlifeconservation.AdventuresAwait!21.ThesharedgoalofConservation&EnvironmentProjectsisto__________.A.protectourplanet B.educatelocalpeopleC.experienceadventures D.improvethelocalcommunity22.Ifyouonlyhaveoneweektovolunteer,whichprojectisbestforyou?A.JungleReforestation.B.SriLankaElephantExperience.CMarineConservationinSouthAfrica.D.SouthAfricaBig5WildlifeExperience.23Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Anewspaper. B.Amagazine. C.Atextbook. D.Awebsite.24.Whatisthemainpurposeofthisadvertisement?A.Topresenthowtocareforwildlife.BTocallonpeopletoprotectwildlife.C.Torecommendvolunteerprogramsonwildlife.D.Toexplaintheimportanceofprotectingwildlife.【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇廣告。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)環(huán)境保護(hù)工程為那些想要為環(huán)保做出努力的人們提供了四個(gè)保護(hù)環(huán)境和野生動(dòng)植物的志愿項(xiàng)目。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Wesharethesamegoal:toprotectourplanetforyearstocome.（我們有著共同的目標(biāo)：在未來的歲月中一起保護(hù)我們的地球）”可知，該項(xiàng)目的共同目標(biāo)就是保護(hù)地球。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】推理判斷題。MarineConservationinSouthAfrica標(biāo)題下的“Programfeesare$525tostartforoneweek（項(xiàng)目為期一周，費(fèi)用是525美元）”可推斷，如果想要做一周的志愿者，可以選擇MarineConservationinSouthAfrica。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)SouthAfricaBig5WildlifeExperience標(biāo)題下最后一句中的“clickheretolearnmoreandtosignup（請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊這里了解更多信息并注冊(cè)）”可推斷，本篇文章是一篇網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的文章。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Ourenvironmentalandwildlifeconservationprojectscoveranincrediblerangeofspeciesandenvironments.Ifyouloveworkingonprojectstohelptheenvironmentandanimals,youcanunleashyourpassionindifferentwayslike:”（我們的環(huán)境和野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)項(xiàng)目涵蓋了令人難以置信的物種和環(huán)境范圍。如果你喜歡從事幫助環(huán)境和動(dòng)物的項(xiàng)目，你可以通過不同的方式釋放你的熱情）可知，本篇廣告主要是推薦野生動(dòng)物志愿者項(xiàng)目。故選C項(xiàng)。BADAYINTHECLOUDSTheairisthinandwehavetorestseveraltimesontheshorthikefromcamp.Toourleft,snow-coveredmountainsdisappearintocloudsthatseemalmostcloseenoughtotouch.Ontheplaininfrontofus,wecanjustmakeoutaherdofgracefulanimals.Thisiswhywe’rehere—toobserveTibetanantelopes.TibetanantelopesliveontheplainsofTibet,Xinjiang,andQinghai.Watchingthemmoveslowlyacrossthegreengrass,I’mstruckbytheirbeauty.I’malsoremindedofthedangertheyarein.Theyarebeinghunted,illegally,fortheirvaluablefur.MyguideisZhaxi,avillagerfromChangtang.HeworksattheChangtangNationalNatureReserve.ThereserveisashelterfortheanimalsandplantsofnorthwesternTibet.ToZhaxi,thelandissacredandprotectingthewildlifeisawayoflife.“We’renottryingtosavetheanimals,”hesays,“Actually,we’retryingtosaveourselves.”The1980sand1990swerebadtimesfortheTibetanantelope.Thepopulationdroppedbymorethan50percent.Hunterswereshootingantelopestomakeprofits.Theirhabitatswerebecomingsmallerasnewroadsandrailwayswerebuilt.Inordertosavethisspeciesfromextinction,theChinesegovernmentplaceditundernationalprotection.Zhaxiandothervolunteerswatchedovertheantelopesdayandnighttokeepthemsafefromattacks.Bridgesandgateswereaddedtolettheantelopesmoveeasilyandkeepthemsafefromcarsandtrains.Themeasureswereeffective.TheantelopepopulationhasrecoveredandinJune2015,theTibetanantelopewasremovedfromtheendangeredspecieslist.Thegovernment,however,doesnotintendtostoptheprotectionprogrammes,sincethethreatstotheTibetanantelopehavenotyetdisappeared.Intheevening,Idrinkacupofteaandwatchthestars.IthinkabouttheantelopesandwhatZhaxitoldme.Muchisbeingdonetoprotectwildlife,butifwereallywanttosavetheplanet,wemustchangeourwayoflife.Onlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.25.What’sthewriter’spurposeofvisitingTibet?A.Tochangeourwayoflifeandprotectwildlife.B.Toobserveaherdofgracefulanimals.C.Tosavetheantelopefromextinction.D.Togoforashorthikefromcamp.26.Whichofthefollowingmeasureswasnottakentosavetheantelope?A.Addingbridgesandgates.B.Establishingnaturereserves.C.Buildingnewroadsandrailways.D.Monitoringtheantelopedayandnight.27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.It’shardtomakealivingforZhaxibyworkinginthereserve.B.Ourlifewillcometoanendifwedon’tliveatonewithnature.C.Theantelopepopulationdroppedjustbecausetheirhabitatsbecamesmaller.D.TheantelopepopulationrecoveredsothereisnothreattotheTibetanantelope.【答案】25.B26.C27.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者在文中記錄了去西藏觀察藏羚羊的經(jīng)歷，并且在與導(dǎo)游扎西的溝通中了解到保護(hù)藏羚羊，保護(hù)自然的重要性。由此感悟：人類應(yīng)與自然和諧共生。

【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ontheplaininfrontofus,wecanjustmakeoutaherdofgracefulanimals.Thisiswhywe’rehere—toobserveTibetanantelopes.(在我們面前的平原上，勉強(qiáng)可以辨認(rèn)出一群姿態(tài)優(yōu)美的動(dòng)物。這就是我們來這里的原因——觀察藏羚羊。)”可知，作者去西藏的目的是為了觀察姿態(tài)優(yōu)美的動(dòng)物——藏羚羊。故選B。

【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theirhabitatswerebecomingsmallerasnewroadsandrailwayswerebuilt.(隨著新的公路和鐵路的修建，它們的棲息地變得越來越小。)”可知，新公路和鐵路的修建，使藏羚羊的棲息地變少，所以C項(xiàng)“建立新的公路和鐵路”不是為了保護(hù)藏羚羊，故選C。

【27題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合最后一段“Intheevening,Idrinkacupofteaandwatchthestars.IthinkabouttheantelopesandwhatZhaxitoldme.Muchisbeingdonetoprotectwildlife,butifwereallywanttosavetheplanet,wemustchangeourwayoflife.Onlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.(在晚上，我喝著茶看星星。我想起了藏羚羊和扎西對(duì)我說的話。我們已經(jīng)做了很多工作來保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，但如果我們真的想拯救地球，我們必須改變我們的生活方式。只有當(dāng)我們學(xué)會(huì)與自然和諧相處，我們才能停止對(duì)野生動(dòng)物和我們的地球的威脅。)”可知，從本文中我們可以推斷：如果我們不與自然和諧相處，我們的生命就會(huì)結(jié)束。故選B。

CCHEMICALVSORGANICFARMINGChemicalpesticides(農(nóng)藥)andartificialfertilisers(人工化肥)havebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.Whentheywerefirstintroduced,manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Overtime,however,whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeople’shealth.Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer.Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenforbiddeninmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycausetopeopleandtheenvironment.Asforchemicalfertilisers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andtheyoftenhavelessflavouraswell.Asanalternative,somefarmershaveturnedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.Thismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinminerals.Italsokeepstheair,soil,water,andcropsfreeofchemicals.Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropgrownineachfieldeveryyear.Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext.Whydifferentcropsaregrownisbecausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentortopeople’shealth.Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely.Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“digest”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Eat. B.Approach. C.Plant. D.Carry.29.Howisorganicfarmingdifferentfromchemicalfarming?A.Organicfarmingcanmeetthehugedemandforfoodaroundtheworld.B.Organicfarmingaimsatgrowinggoodfoodandkeepingsoilrichandhealthy.C.Cropsgrownwithorganicfarminglookbeautifulbuthavelessnutritionandflavor.D.Organicfarmingdoesharmtopeopleandtheenvironmentandisnotallowedtouse.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Organicfarmingcouldn’tfinditswayinfarmingsinceithaslowproduction.B.Organicfarmingisbetterthanchemicalfarmingandcouldtaketheplaceofit.C.Weshouldstoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinfarmingbecauseoftheirharm.D.Ittakesalongtimetokeepabalancebetweenproducingsufficientfoodandensuringhealth.【答案】28.A29.B30.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了兩種農(nóng)業(yè)形式，即化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)和有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)，并對(duì)比了它們各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)?！?8題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.（此外，這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以在土壤和地下水中保留很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。這會(huì)影響土地里生長(zhǎng)的農(nóng)作物，進(jìn)而影響到以他們?yōu)槭车娜祟悾笨芍瑒澗€部分的單詞應(yīng)該表達(dá)“吃”的意義。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.（有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)就是不使用任何化學(xué)肥料的農(nóng)業(yè)。有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民注重利用自然的方式保持土壤的肥沃和和免除病害）”可知，和化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)相比，有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的目的就是不借助于化學(xué)物質(zhì)種植出口感更好的事物，同時(shí)保持土壤的肥沃和健康。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.（因此，要找到一個(gè)合適的解決方案，使人們餐桌上有足夠的食物，同時(shí)盡可能地保持人類和環(huán)境的健康，仍然有很長(zhǎng)的路要走）”可知，要保持充足的食物生產(chǎn)和健康保障之間的平衡還需要一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。故選D項(xiàng)。DSHOULDWEFIGHTNEWTECHNOLOGY?Thismorning,Isawtheshockingheadline:“PassengerDiesWhenCarCrashesinDriverlessMode”.Inthearticle,variouspeoplesaidthatthepublicshouldopposetheideaofdevelopingdriverlesscars.Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.Thenewspaperreportedthatthecarcompanyhadalreadyapologisedfortheaccident,butthefamiliesofthedeceasedsaiditwasnotenough.Nevertheless,thecompanystillclaimedthatmostpeoplewouldbetravellingindriverlesscarsonedaysoon.Ontheonehand,therearemanydifferentgroupsofpeoplearoundtheworldwholivehappilyintheabsenceofnewtechnology.Probablythemostwell-knownaretheChristianslivinginruralAmerica.Theydonotownordrivecars,watchTV,orusetheInternet.Theyhavelivedmainlyasfarmerssincethe18thcentury,andtheywillprobablybelivingthesamewayinthedistantfuture.Theyadvocateasimplelifewithanemphasisonhardwork,family,andcommunity.Theythinkthatisbetterthancaringaboutluxuriesorfollowingthelivesoftherichandfamous.ItcouldevenbearguedthattheAmish’squalityoflifeisbettersincetheyliveinandappreciatethenaturalenvironmentratherthanlivinginlarge,pollutedcities.Ontheotherhand,newtechnologyhasprovidedpeopleeverywherewithmanybenefitsovertheyears.Forexample,thelatestweather-trackingcomputerprogrammesgivepeoplelotsofwarningsaboutpotentialnaturaldisasters,whichsavesmanylives.Moreover,theInternethasmadeitpossibleforfriendsandfamilytokeepintoucheasilyeveniftheyareonoppositesidesoftheworld.Ithasalsomadefindingopportunitiesinlifemucheasier,asitallowspeopletomakelargernetworksoffriendsthroughusingsocialmedia.Personally,Ihavebenefitedquitealotfromtechnologicaladvances.IfoundmycareerasanAIdesignerthroughasocialmedianetwork.Myhealthmonitor,whichIwearallthetime,hasalsohelpedmegetintothebestshapeofmylife.Ofcourse,whennewtechnologychangesthewaywelive,itcanbeascaryprospect.Nevertheless,Iwillalwayslookonthebrightsideofchangeandacceptitratherthanresistit.31.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningdriverlesscarsinParagraph1?A.Thehotissueaboutnewtechnology.B.Thedangeraboutnewtechnology.C.Thevalueaboutnewtechnology.D.Thesafetyaboutnewtechnology.32.WhichlifestyledotheChristianslivinginruralAmericaadvocate?A.Caringaboutluxuries.B.Reducingtheneedoflife.C.Livinginaremotemountainarea.D.Focusingontheinteractionbetweenpeople.33.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toillustratehowitisbettertousethedriverlesscar.B.Toprovethatthenewtechnologywillbringthedangers.C.Todiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofnewtechnology.D.Topersuadepeopletostopcontinuingthenewwayoftraveling.34.What’stheauthor’sattitudeabouttechnologicaladvances?A.Objective. B.Positive. C.Negative. D.Indifferent.【答案】31.A32.D33.C34.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述的是新技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.（他們說，一些技術(shù)進(jìn)步是不必要的，甚至可能是危險(xiǎn)的。因此，我們應(yīng)該停止僅僅因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)是新的就接受它。）”可知，作者在第一段中提到無人駕駛汽車想要表達(dá)的是關(guān)于新技術(shù)的熱門話題。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Theyadvocateasimplelifewithanemphasisonhardwork,family,andcommunity.（他們提倡簡(jiǎn)單的生活，強(qiáng)調(diào)努力工作、家庭和社區(qū)。）”可知，生活在美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村的基督徒提倡的是注重人與人之間的互動(dòng)的生活方式，故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段的“Ontheonehand,therearemanydifferentgroupsofpeoplearoundtheworldwholivehappilyintheabsenceofnewtechnology.（一方面，世界上有許多不同的人群在沒有新技術(shù)的情況下幸福地生活著。）”和第三段的“Ontheotherhand,newtechnologyhasprovidedpeopleeverywherewithmanybenefitsovertheyears.（另一方面，新技術(shù)給世界各地的人們帶來了很多好處。）”可知，本文的目的主要是討論新技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Nevertheless,Iwillalwayslookonthebrightsideofchangeandacceptitratherthanresistit.（然而，我將始終看到變化的光明面，接受它，而不是抗拒它。）”可知，作者對(duì)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的態(tài)度是積極的，故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoFindRealFriendsAlotofpeoplewoulddefinearealfriendasatreasure.____35____Givenbelowarethestepstobedoneforustofindrealfriendsthatwillstandbyusthroughwhatevercomesalong.Beinterestedinothers.Havinginterestinothersisthefirststeptowardsmakingfriends.Weshouldstartbyhavingarealloveforpeopleandthentakinganactiveinterestinothers.___36___Othersareoftenimpressedthatyoucaredenoughtoremembertheirname.Andwiththis,theymaybegintosharesomeexperienceorproblemswithyouandthefriendshipstartstobuild.___37___Beingagoodlistenerisimportantinbuildingfriendships.Ifweareinterestedinwhatothersaresaying,theyaretypicallydrawntous.Beloyal.Itissaidthatthemainqualityofafriendishisloyalty:afriendthatwillbewithyouthroughthickandthin.Arealfriendshouldn’tdamageyourreputationbyjoininginwickedgossip.____38____Revealyourdeepestfeelings.Afriendshouldnotbeembarrassedtolaybaretothosewhomhetrusted.This,ofcourse,doesn’tmeanthatyoushouldpouroutallyouremotionstoeveryonethatyoumeet.However,weshouldbehonest.Andasyougettoknowandtrustsomeone,youcangraduallyrevealmoreofyourdeepestfeelings.Donotexpectperfection.Wearen’tperfect.Andevenwhenafriendshipisofftoagoodstart,weshouldn’texpectittobeperfect.Wemuststrivetomakeitanalmostperfectkindoffriendship.____39____Friendsareimportanttoourlives.Sometimes,theyareoursourceofstrengthandinspiration.However,wemustrememberthatforustofinallymeetrealfriends,wemustbearealfriendtoo.A.Payattentiontohowyoulisten.B.Andtoattainit,weneedtimeandemotion.C.Instead,heorshewillloyallystandupforyou.D.Actually,asincereinterestinothersattractsfriendship.E.Justlikeinsearchingfortreasure,aneffortshouldbedone.F.Onewaytoshowinterestistoknowtheirnameandrememberit.G.Asecretforasuccessfulfriendshipincludesempathyandfellowfeelingsforothers.【答案】35.E36.F37.A38.C39.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是如何找到真正的朋友?！?5題詳解】空格前說“Alotofpeoplewoulddefinearealfriendasatreasure.（很多人會(huì)把真正的朋友定義為一種財(cái)富。）”，E選項(xiàng)“Justlikeinsearchingfortreasure,aneffortshouldbedone.（就像尋找寶藏一樣，需要付出努力。）”中的“treasure”和前面的“treasure”一致，構(gòu)成詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)，既然需要付出努力，那接下來講一些步驟，因此E選項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境，故選E?！?6題詳解】空格前說“Beinterestedinothers.Havinginterestinothersisthefirststeptowardsmakingfriends.（對(duì)他人感興趣。對(duì)別人感興趣是交朋友的第一步。）”，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Onewaytoshowinterestistoknowtheirnameandrememberit.（表現(xiàn)出興趣的一種方式是知道并記住他們的名字。）”中的“showinterest”和前面的“Havinginterestinothers”相一致，是語義的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，因此F選項(xiàng)承接上文，符合語境，故選F?！?7題詳解】空格后說“Beingagoodlistenerisimportantinbuildingfriendships.（做一個(gè)好的傾聽者對(duì)建立友誼很重要。）”，A選項(xiàng)“Payattentiontohowyoulisten.（注意你的傾聽方式。）”中的“l(fā)isten”和后面的“l(fā)istener”相呼應(yīng)，因此A選項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境，故選A。【38題詳解】本段主題句是“Beloyal.（要忠誠(chéng)。）”，空格前說“Arealfriendshouldn’tdamageyourreputationbyjoininginwickedgossip.（真正的朋友不應(yīng)該參與惡意的流言蜚語而損害你的聲譽(yù)。）”，空格處應(yīng)接著說真正的朋友會(huì)怎么做，C選項(xiàng)“Instead,heorshewillloyallystandupforyou.（相反，他或她會(huì)忠誠(chéng)地支持你。）”說明了真正的朋友的做法，其中的“l(fā)oyally”與主題句中的“l(fā)oyal”相一致，因此C選項(xiàng)承接上文，符合語境，故選C?！?9題詳解】空格前說“Wemuststrivetomakeitanalmostperfectkindoffriendship.（我們必須努力讓它成為一種近乎完美的友誼。）”，B選項(xiàng)“Andtoattainit,weneedtimeandemotion.（要做到這一點(diǎn)，我們需要時(shí)間和情感。）”中的“needtimeandemotion”和前面的“strive”相呼應(yīng)，表示因?yàn)樾枰獣r(shí)間和情感，所以要努力，因此B選項(xiàng)承接上文，符合語境，故選B。第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，滿分32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Festivalsarecelebratedallaroundtheworld.Theyhaveawiderangeoforigins,suchastheseasonsoftheyear,famousfigures,andimportantevents.Everyfestivalhasitsdifferentcustomsanduniquecharms.However,nomatterhowdifferenttheymayseem,allovertheworld,thespiritofsharingjoy,gratitude,love,orpeac