高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)練案14必修3Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars練習(xí)含解析新人教版

一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品資料(高中)PAGEPAGE1必修三Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsⅠ.完形填空(2020·甘肅省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體第一次聯(lián)考)Fromanearlyage,Parkeralwayssaidthathewouldbeanastronautwhenhegrewup.Butnomatterhowmuchhestudiedandtooktests,hewasnever1.Btoflyinspace.2.D，hegrewoverthemaximumagefortakingtheselectiontests.Inotherwords,hewouldneverbeabletofulfillhis3.A.Thinkingaboutallthetimeand4.CParkerhadputintotryingtobeanastronaut,peoplefelt5.Bforhim.Despitewhathewastoldabouthavingto6.Dhisambition,Parkercontinuedtrainingandstudying,7.Chewasgoingtohavetheteststhenextmonth.He8.Aashegotolder,andwhenhewasaveryoldmanheheardthattheyweredoingsomeveryimportant9.Cexperiments.Forthoseexperimentstheyneededavery10.Dastronaut.Parker,whowalkedwitha11.B，wastheonlyoldmaninthewholeworldwhowas12.Btoflyinarocket.Therefore,Parkerfoundhimselfflyingin13.D，allwiththehelpofscience.Itwasclearthatthe14.Againedduringthosemissionshelpedtocureoneoftheworstsicknessesforoldpeople,andParkerwas15.Casahero.Photosoftheastronautwithawalkingstickandnoteeth16.Callovertheworld,andbecamea17.Aofhowyoucannevertrainorlearntoomuch.Itshowedthat18.Beffortalwaysbrings19.Deventhoughitmaynotbeintheformwehadfirst20.A.文章大意：Parker從小立志做一名宇航員，卻一直未實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。但他從未放棄希望，一如既往地進(jìn)行飛行訓(xùn)練。終于在年老時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的愿望。1．A.noticed B．selectedC．invited D．permitted〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“hegrewoverthemaximumagefortakingtheselectiontests”可知，此處指他從來沒有被選(selected)去太空飛行。2．A.Secretly B．SuddenlyC．Luckily D．Finally〖解析〗最后，Parker已經(jīng)超過了選拔考試的最大年齡。finally“最終；終于”。3．A.dream B．taskC．need D．belief〖解析〗文章開頭談及Parker的夢(mèng)想，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)超過了選拔考試的最大年齡，所以他永遠(yuǎn)也無法實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢(mèng)想(dream)。4．A.reputation B．powerC．effort D．practice〖解析〗根據(jù)第一段中的“Butnomatterhowmuchhestudiedandtooktests”可知，Parker付出了很多時(shí)間和努力(effort)。人們一想到Parker為成為宇航員所付出的時(shí)間和努力就為他感到遺憾(sorry)。5．A.happy B．sorryC．nervous D．calm〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。6．A.ignore B．forgetC．develop D．a(chǎn)bandon〖解析〗盡管有人告訴Parker，他不得不放棄(abandon)他的目標(biāo)，但他還是繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)，好像(asif)下個(gè)月他要參加測(cè)試似的。7．A.sothat B．nowthatC．a(chǎn)sif D．eventhough〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。8．A.carriedon B．tookonC．turnedoff D．gotoff〖解析〗Parker繼續(xù)(學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練)。carryon“繼續(xù)做；堅(jiān)持干”，符合語境。9．A.electrical B．physicalC．medical D．political〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“duringthosemissionshelpedtocureoneoftheworstsicknessesforoldpeople”可知，Parker得知他們?cè)谔兆鲠t(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。medical“醫(yī)療的”，符合語境。electrical“用電的”；physical“物理學(xué)的”；political“政治的”。10．A.sick B．experiencedC．a(chǎn)ctive D．old〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可知，他們需要一位年紀(jì)大的(old)宇航員。11．A.map B．stickC．guide D．candle〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“Photosoftheastronautwithawalkingstick”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)Parker走路需要拐杖。awalkingstick“拐杖”。12．A.planned B．trainedC．forced D．a(chǎn)llowed〖解析〗根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，Parker參加訓(xùn)練就是為了能夠在太空飛行。故B項(xiàng)符合語境。13．A.silence B．dangerC．a(chǎn)ction D．space〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可知，此處指Parker參加實(shí)驗(yàn)后，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在太空(space)飛行。14．A.knowledge B．experienceC．money D．opportunity〖解析〗在那些任務(wù)中所獲得的知識(shí)(knowledge)有助于治愈老人們最嚴(yán)重的疾病之一。15．A.replaced B．educatedC．praised D．a(chǎn)ffected〖解析〗Parker被人們稱贊(praised)為一位英雄。replace“代替”；educate“教育”；affect“影響”。16．A.moved B．flewC．spread D．took〖解析〗這位拄著拐杖且沒有牙齒的宇航員的照片在全世界傳播(spread)開來。17．A.symbol B．markC．case D．doubt〖解析〗Parker的照片成了一種象征(symbol)——你再怎么去學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練都不為過。18．A.desperate B．persistentC．cautious D．a(chǎn)pparent〖解析〗這表明堅(jiān)持不懈的(persistent)努力總會(huì)帶來回報(bào)(reward)。desperate“絕望的”；cautious“小心的”，apparent“顯而易見的”。19．A.award B．prizeC．result D．reward〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。20．A.expected B．guessedC．suggested D．proved〖解析〗堅(jiān)持不懈的努力總會(huì)帶來回報(bào)，盡管它不是我們最初所期待(expected)的那種形式。Ⅱ.閱讀理解(2020·“四省八?！备呷谝淮谓虒W(xué)質(zhì)檢)(CNN)—YOUcouldsaythingsaregettingalittlemoreconcreteontheInternationalSpaceStation.Astronautsareworkingonhundredsofexperimentsonthefloatinglaboratoryeveryday.Onerecentexperimentincludedmixingconcreteforthefirsttime.Thebasicingredientsforconcreteincludesand,gravelandrocksmixedwithacementwaterbasedpaste.Itsoundsaseasyaswhippingupcakemix,buttheactualprocessismuchmoredifficult,andthelackofgravitychangeseverything.AstronautsparticipatedintheMicrogravityInvestigationofCementSolidificationprojecttounderstandhowthechemistryofconcreteischangedbyzerogravity,downtothemicroscopicstructuresinsideit.Avarietyofmixturesweremadewherecementpowder,additives,waterandtimeallowancevaried.ThespacestationmixtureswerecomparedtosamplesmixedonEarth.Theconcreteinspaceendedupbeingmoreholey,whichisinterestingbecausemoreholesinsidetheconcretewouldaffectitsstrength.“Increasedporosity(疏松)hasdirectinfluencesonthestrengthofthematerial,butwehaveyettomeasurethestrengthofthespace-formedmaterial，”，saidRadlinska,principalinvestigatoroftheexperiment.“EventhoughconcretehasbeenusedforsolongontheEarth,westilldon'tnecessarilyunderstandalltheaspectsofthehydration(水合作用)weknowtherearesomedifferencesbetweenEarthandspace-basedsystemsandwecanexaminethosedifferencestoseewhichonesarebeneficialandwhichonesareharmfultousingthismaterialinspace.”Radlinskaalsonotedthatthesamplesweremixedinsealedbagswhichleavesthequestionofwhatmighthappenhadtheybeenmixedinanopenenvironmentinspace.UnderstandinghowconcreteworksinspacehasadirectinfluenceonfutureplansregardingthemoonandMars.Buildingsafehabitatsmayrelyonconcretebecauseitcouldprotecthumansandtheequipmentfrommeteoritesandharmfulradiation.IngredientsalreadyavailableonMarsorthemooncouldalsobeusedtomaketheconcrete,whichwouldreducethecostoftransportingmaterials.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。介紹了在太空做混凝土實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明太空中的混凝土與地球上的不同，并提出實(shí)驗(yàn)的意義在于為太空建筑選取材料。1．Whatistheaimoftheexperiment？BA．Tocheckwhetherconcretecanbemadeinspace.B．Toseethedifferentformationofconcreteinspace.C．Totestthestrengthofconcretemadeinspace.D．Tobuildsheltersinspaceusingconcrete.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“tounderstandhowthechemistryofconcreteischangedbyzerogravity”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是了解在失重狀態(tài)下混凝土的化學(xué)變化。故選B。2．Whatdoweknowabouttheexperiment？CA．Itwasdoneintheopenenvironmentinspace.B．ItusedingredientsonMarsandthemoon.C．Itmademultiplemixturesunderdifferentconditions.D．ItexaminedthedifferenceofstrengthbetweenconcreteonEarthandinspace.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句話“Avarietyofmixturesweremadewherecementpowder,additives,waterandtimeallowancevaried.”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)中根據(jù)水泥粉、添加劑、水和時(shí)間的不同制造了多種混凝土。故選C。3．ComparedwithconcretemadeonEarth,concretemadeinspaceA.A．hasmoreopenspaceinsideitB．ismuchmorefragileC．canbeusedonMarsandthemoonatthemomentD．isnotasgoodineveryaspect〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第三句話“Theconcreteinspaceendedupbeingmoreholey,whichisinterestingbecausemoreholesinsidetheconcretewouldaffectitsstrength.”可知，太空中制造的混凝土里面有更多孔。故選A。4．Whattypeofpassageisthis？BA．Bookreview. B．Newsreport.C．Sciencefiction. D．Traveljournal.〖解析〗文章出處題。根據(jù)第一段開頭CNN可知，這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。故選B。Ⅲ.閱讀七選五Gardening380KilometersaboveEarthAstronautshavetogothroughphysical,psychological,andtechnicaltraining.Theyalsogothroughtraininginhowtocareforplants.These“astronautgardeners”sharetheirworkandlivingspacewithplants.Takingseedsandplantsalongonatripisn'tanewidea.Asspacetripsbecomelonger,itwillbenecessarytogrowfoodinspace.1.DBecauseofthis,it'snotpracticaltosendeverythingneededforalongjourney,onlytobeusedonceandthrownaway.Plantscanservemanyusesonaspacejourney.Theycanprovidemorefreshthings.2.FAlso,plantscanhelptomakeairqualitybetterbecausetheyproduceoxygen.Theycanimprovethequalityoftheairinsidethespacecraft—theonlyairtheastronautscanbreathe.3.BDuetothelackofgravityinspace,theoxygenthattheplantsproducestaysaroundtheplants.Thiscanactuallykillthem,sofansareneededtocirculatetheair.Withoutgravity,rootsdon't“know”togrowdown,leavesdon't“know”togrowup,andwaterdoesn'teasilytraveluptherootstotheleaves.4.EBesides,soilistooheavytosendtospace,andspecialliquidgels(凝膠)areusedtohelpplantgrowth.Scientistsarealsoworkingontheplantsthemselves.Theyaretryingtomakeplantsgrowmorerapidlyandgrowwithlesswaterandlightinspace,andtheyarelookingforwaystomakeplantsmoreresistanttodisease.5.CImaginethatdesertsmayonedayprovidelotsoffreshfoodforlocalpeople,savingtransportationcosts.Similarly,plantsthatareresistanttodiseasecouldprovideanimportantfoodsupply.Withtheworld'spopulationnowatabout7.7billionpeople,ourastronautgardenersmayhelpdiscoverwaystofeedthosebillions.A．Everyplantgrowninspacemusthaveseveraluses.B．However,therearechallengeswithgrowingplantsinspace.C．SuchmethodsmayresultinimprovementsbackhereonEarth.D．Thecostoftakinganythingintospaceisabout$22,000perkilogram.E．Specializedcontainersarebeingdevelopedtohelptheplantsgrowcorrectly.F．Astronautswillwelcometheadditionoffruitsandvegetablestotheirdietofdryfoods.G．Currentlyalloxygenistakenaboardintanks.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了宇航員在太空種植的原因和好處以及種植方法?！冀馕觥?．空后是說將所有所需東西帶上太空是不切合實(shí)際的，據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹空后一句的原因，故D項(xiàng)“帶任何東西到太空的花費(fèi)大約是每千克22000美元?！狈险Z境。2．根據(jù)空前一句可知，植物可以為宇航員提供新鮮的東西，根據(jù)空后一句可知，植物還可以改善太空站的空氣質(zhì)量，因?yàn)槠淇梢援a(chǎn)生氧氣，據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹太空種植植物的好處，即宇航員也喜歡在他們的干糧中有新鮮的果蔬食物。故F項(xiàng)正確。3．上文介紹了太空種植的好處，即為宇航員提供新鮮的果蔬、改善太空站的空氣質(zhì)量等，結(jié)合下文可知，種植太空果蔬有一定的困難，據(jù)此可知，空處承上啟下，與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故B項(xiàng)正確。4．根據(jù)上文可知，在失重的情況下，植物的根和葉不知道如何生長(zhǎng)，水分也不容易從根部傳到葉子上，而空后一句介紹了關(guān)于土壤的解決方法，據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹解決上述問題的方法，故E項(xiàng)“正在研制專門的容器去幫助植物正確地生長(zhǎng)。”符合語境。5．根據(jù)空前一句可知，科學(xué)家們正在尋找各種讓植物少使用水，在太空快速生長(zhǎng)，而且可以抵抗病害的方法，且下文又提到改良后的植物對(duì)地球的影響，據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是說明這些方法可以在地球上運(yùn)用以帶來改善。故C項(xiàng)正確。Ⅳ.語法填空(2020·武漢市高中畢業(yè)生六月)Hereiswhyyoushouldcareaboutastronomy.It'struethatitsadvancesbenefitmillionsofpeopleacrosstheworld.Ithasdevelopedtechnologynowtotrackwhereyourpackagegoes,todeterminewhereyouareandso1.on.Butallofthesearemeresecondthoughtsand2.benefits(benefit)thathaveoccurredwithouttheprimary3.intention(intend)ofthemaker.Andthatis4.whatmakesastronomybeautiful.Tostudysomething—notbecausewe'relookingtogainanythinginparticular,butpurely5.toenjoy(enjoy)naturalwonders—6.is(be)allthatmakesushuman.Doingworkfortheworkitselfcreatesroomforjoy.I7.firmly(firm)believethatastronomyhasaspiritualdimensioninthesenseofhowitconnectsuswithsomethingbiggerthanourselves.Because8.ofastronomywenowknowexactlywhentheuniverse9.came(come)intoexistence.Andwe'vespottedthousandsofplanetsorbitingotherstars.Ithasexplainedmysteries(神秘的事物)10.confusing(confuse)usforthousandsofyears,butevenmoresignificantly,ithasopenedupmoremysteriesthananyofuscanstudyinourlifetime.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注天文學(xué)的原因?！冀馕觥?．考查固定搭配。andsoon為固定搭配，意為“等等”，符合語境。2．考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句中that引導(dǎo)定語從句，空處與thoughts為先行詞，空處與復(fù)數(shù)名詞thoughts對(duì)應(yīng)，benefit為可數(shù)名詞，故該處用其復(fù)數(shù)形式benefits。3．考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的“withouttheprimary”可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞的單數(shù)形式，故填intend的名詞單數(shù)形式intention。4．考查表語從句連接詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，作表語從句的主語，表示“……的事物”，故用what引導(dǎo)該表語從句。5．考查動(dòng)詞不定式?？仗幣ctogain并列，表示目的，故用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。6．考查主謂一致和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。該句主語為不定式“Tostudysomething”，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式；又根據(jù)語境可知，該句陳述的是客觀存在的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。7．考查副詞?？仗幮揎梽?dòng)詞believe，應(yīng)用副詞形式，表示“堅(jiān)定地相信”。8．考查介詞。becauseof為固定搭配，意為“因?yàn)?，由于”，符合語境，故填介詞of。9．考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，該句意為“由于天文學(xué)，我們現(xiàn)在確切地知道宇宙是什么時(shí)候形成的”。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，宇宙的形成是發(fā)生在過去的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)。10．考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾前面的名詞mysteries，該名詞和動(dòng)詞confuse之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。必修三Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsⅠ.完形填空(2020·甘肅省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體第一次聯(lián)考)Fromanearlyage,Parkeralwayssaidthathewouldbeanastronautwhenhegrewup.Butnomatterhowmuchhestudiedandtooktests,hewasnever1.Btoflyinspace.2.D，hegrewoverthemaximumagefortakingtheselectiontests.Inotherwords,hewouldneverbeabletofulfillhis3.A.Thinkingaboutallthetimeand4.CParkerhadputintotryingtobeanastronaut,peoplefelt5.Bforhim.Despitewhathewastoldabouthavingto6.Dhisambition,Parkercontinuedtrainingandstudying,7.Chewasgoingtohavetheteststhenextmonth.He8.Aashegotolder,andwhenhewasaveryoldmanheheardthattheyweredoingsomeveryimportant9.Cexperiments.Forthoseexperimentstheyneededavery10.Dastronaut.Parker,whowalkedwitha11.B，wastheonlyoldmaninthewholeworldwhowas12.Btoflyinarocket.Therefore,Parkerfoundhimselfflyingin13.D，allwiththehelpofscience.Itwasclearthatthe14.Againedduringthosemissionshelpedtocureoneoftheworstsicknessesforoldpeople,andParkerwas15.Casahero.Photosoftheastronautwithawalkingstickandnoteeth16.Callovertheworld,andbecamea17.Aofhowyoucannevertrainorlearntoomuch.Itshowedthat18.Beffortalwaysbrings19.Deventhoughitmaynotbeintheformwehadfirst20.A.文章大意：Parker從小立志做一名宇航員，卻一直未實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。但他從未放棄希望，一如既往地進(jìn)行飛行訓(xùn)練。終于在年老時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的愿望。1．A.noticed B．selectedC．invited D．permitted〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“hegrewoverthemaximumagefortakingtheselectiontests”可知，此處指他從來沒有被選(selected)去太空飛行。2．A.Secretly B．SuddenlyC．Luckily D．Finally〖解析〗最后，Parker已經(jīng)超過了選拔考試的最大年齡。finally“最終；終于”。3．A.dream B．taskC．need D．belief〖解析〗文章開頭談及Parker的夢(mèng)想，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)超過了選拔考試的最大年齡，所以他永遠(yuǎn)也無法實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢(mèng)想(dream)。4．A.reputation B．powerC．effort D．practice〖解析〗根據(jù)第一段中的“Butnomatterhowmuchhestudiedandtooktests”可知，Parker付出了很多時(shí)間和努力(effort)。人們一想到Parker為成為宇航員所付出的時(shí)間和努力就為他感到遺憾(sorry)。5．A.happy B．sorryC．nervous D．calm〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。6．A.ignore B．forgetC．develop D．a(chǎn)bandon〖解析〗盡管有人告訴Parker，他不得不放棄(abandon)他的目標(biāo)，但他還是繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)，好像(asif)下個(gè)月他要參加測(cè)試似的。7．A.sothat B．nowthatC．a(chǎn)sif D．eventhough〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。8．A.carriedon B．tookonC．turnedoff D．gotoff〖解析〗Parker繼續(xù)(學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練)。carryon“繼續(xù)做；堅(jiān)持干”，符合語境。9．A.electrical B．physicalC．medical D．political〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“duringthosemissionshelpedtocureoneoftheworstsicknessesforoldpeople”可知，Parker得知他們?cè)谔兆鲠t(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。medical“醫(yī)療的”，符合語境。electrical“用電的”；physical“物理學(xué)的”；political“政治的”。10．A.sick B．experiencedC．a(chǎn)ctive D．old〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可知，他們需要一位年紀(jì)大的(old)宇航員。11．A.map B．stickC．guide D．candle〖解析〗根據(jù)下文中的“Photosoftheastronautwithawalkingstick”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)Parker走路需要拐杖。awalkingstick“拐杖”。12．A.planned B．trainedC．forced D．a(chǎn)llowed〖解析〗根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，Parker參加訓(xùn)練就是為了能夠在太空飛行。故B項(xiàng)符合語境。13．A.silence B．dangerC．a(chǎn)ction D．space〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可知，此處指Parker參加實(shí)驗(yàn)后，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在太空(space)飛行。14．A.knowledge B．experienceC．money D．opportunity〖解析〗在那些任務(wù)中所獲得的知識(shí)(knowledge)有助于治愈老人們最嚴(yán)重的疾病之一。15．A.replaced B．educatedC．praised D．a(chǎn)ffected〖解析〗Parker被人們稱贊(praised)為一位英雄。replace“代替”；educate“教育”；affect“影響”。16．A.moved B．flewC．spread D．took〖解析〗這位拄著拐杖且沒有牙齒的宇航員的照片在全世界傳播(spread)開來。17．A.symbol B．markC．case D．doubt〖解析〗Parker的照片成了一種象征(symbol)——你再怎么去學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練都不為過。18．A.desperate B．persistentC．cautious D．a(chǎn)pparent〖解析〗這表明堅(jiān)持不懈的(persistent)努力總會(huì)帶來回報(bào)(reward)。desperate“絕望的”；cautious“小心的”，apparent“顯而易見的”。19．A.award B．prizeC．result D．reward〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。20．A.expected B．guessedC．suggested D．proved〖解析〗堅(jiān)持不懈的努力總會(huì)帶來回報(bào)，盡管它不是我們最初所期待(expected)的那種形式。Ⅱ.閱讀理解(2020·“四省八?！备呷谝淮谓虒W(xué)質(zhì)檢)(CNN)—YOUcouldsaythingsaregettingalittlemoreconcreteontheInternationalSpaceStation.Astronautsareworkingonhundredsofexperimentsonthefloatinglaboratoryeveryday.Onerecentexperimentincludedmixingconcreteforthefirsttime.Thebasicingredientsforconcreteincludesand,gravelandrocksmixedwithacementwaterbasedpaste.Itsoundsaseasyaswhippingupcakemix,buttheactualprocessismuchmoredifficult,andthelackofgravitychangeseverything.AstronautsparticipatedintheMicrogravityInvestigationofCementSolidificationprojecttounderstandhowthechemistryofconcreteischangedbyzerogravity,downtothemicroscopicstructuresinsideit.Avarietyofmixturesweremadewherecementpowder,additives,waterandtimeallowancevaried.ThespacestationmixtureswerecomparedtosamplesmixedonEarth.Theconcreteinspaceendedupbeingmoreholey,whichisinterestingbecausemoreholesinsidetheconcretewouldaffectitsstrength.“Increasedporosity(疏松)hasdirectinfluencesonthestrengthofthematerial,butwehaveyettomeasurethestrengthofthespace-formedmaterial，”，saidRadlinska,principalinvestigatoroftheexperiment.“EventhoughconcretehasbeenusedforsolongontheEarth,westilldon'tnecessarilyunderstandalltheaspectsofthehydration(水合作用)weknowtherearesomedifferencesbetweenEarthandspace-basedsystemsandwecanexaminethosedifferencestoseewhichonesarebeneficialandwhichonesareharmfultousingthismaterialinspace.”Radlinskaalsonotedthatthesamplesweremixedinsealedbagswhichleavesthequestionofwhatmighthappenhadtheybeenmixedinanopenenvironmentinspace.UnderstandinghowconcreteworksinspacehasadirectinfluenceonfutureplansregardingthemoonandMars.Buildingsafehabitatsmayrelyonconcretebecauseitcouldprotecthumansandtheequipmentfrommeteoritesandharmfulradiation.IngredientsalreadyavailableonMarsorthemooncouldalsobeusedtomaketheconcrete,whichwouldreducethecostoftransportingmaterials.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。介紹了在太空做混凝土實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明太空中的混凝土與地球上的不同，并提出實(shí)驗(yàn)的意義在于為太空建筑選取材料。1．Whatistheaimoftheexperiment？BA．Tocheckwhetherconcretecanbemadeinspace.B．Toseethedifferentformationofconcreteinspace.C．Totestthestrengthofconcretemadeinspace.D．Tobuildsheltersinspaceusingconcrete.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“tounderstandhowthechemistryofconcreteischangedbyzerogravity”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是了解在失重狀態(tài)下混凝土的化學(xué)變化。故選B。2．Whatdoweknowabouttheexperiment？CA．Itwasdoneintheopenenvironmentinspace.B．ItusedingredientsonMarsandthemoon.C．Itmademultiplemixturesunderdifferentconditions.D．ItexaminedthedifferenceofstrengthbetweenconcreteonEarthandinspace.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句話“Avarietyofmixturesweremadewherecementpowder,additives,waterandtimeallowancevaried.”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)中根據(jù)水泥粉、添加劑、水和時(shí)間的不同制造了多種混凝土。故選C。3．ComparedwithconcretemadeonEarth,concretemadeinspaceA.A．hasmoreopenspaceinsideitB．ismuchmorefragileC．canbeusedonMarsandthemoonatthemomentD．isnotasgoodineveryaspect〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第三句話“Theconcreteinspaceendedupbeingmoreholey,whichisinterestingbecausemoreholesinsidetheconcretewouldaffectitsstrength.”可知，太空中制造的混凝土里面有更多孔。故選A。4．Whattypeofpassageisthis？BA．Bookreview. B．Newsreport.C．Sciencefiction. D．Traveljournal.〖解析〗文章出處題。根據(jù)第一段開頭CNN可知，這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。故選B。Ⅲ.閱讀七選五Gardening380KilometersaboveEarthAstronautshavetogothroughphysical,psychological,andtechnicaltraining.Theyalsogothroughtraininginhowtocareforplants.These“astronautgardeners”sharetheirworkandlivingspacewithplants.Takingseedsandplantsalongonatripisn'tanewidea.Asspacetripsbecomelonger,itwillbenecessarytogrowfoodinspace.1.DBecauseofthis,it'snotpracticaltosendeverythingneededforalongjourney,onlytobeusedonceandthrownaway.Plantscanservemanyusesonaspacejourney.Theycanprovidemorefreshthings.2.FAlso,plantscanhelptomakeairqualitybetterbecausetheyproduceoxygen.Theycanimprovethequalityoftheairinsidethespacecraft—theonlyairtheastronautscanbreathe.3.BDuetothelackofgravityinspace,theoxygenthattheplantsproducestaysaroundtheplants.Thiscanactuallykillthem,sofansareneededtocirculatetheair.Withoutgravity,rootsdon't“know”togrowdown,leavesdon't“know”togrowup,andwaterdoesn'teasilytraveluptherootstotheleaves.4.EBesides,soilistooheavytosendtospace,andspecialliquidgels(凝膠)areusedtohelpplantgrowth.Scientistsarealsoworkingontheplantsthemselves.Theyaretryingtomakeplantsgrowmorerapidlyandgrowwithlesswaterandlightinspace,andtheyarelookingforwaystomakeplantsmoreresistanttodisease.5.CImaginethatdesertsmayonedayprovidelotsoffreshfoodforlocalpeople,savingtransportationcosts.Similarly,plantsthatareresistanttodiseasecouldprovideanimportantfoodsupply.Withtheworld'spopulationnowatabout7.7billionpeople,ourastronautgardenersmayhelpdiscoverwaystofeedthosebillions.A．Everyplantgrowninspacemusthaveseveraluses.B．However,therearechallengeswithgrowingplantsinspace.C．SuchmethodsmayresultinimprovementsbackhereonEarth.D．Thecostoftakinganythingintospaceisabout$22,000perkilogram.E．Specializedcontainersarebeingdevelopedtohelptheplantsgrowcorrectly.F．Astronautswillwelcometheadditionoffruitsandvegetablestotheirdietofdryfoods.G．Currentlyalloxygenistakenaboardintanks.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了宇航員在太空種植的原因和