河南省周口市九師聯(lián)盟四月聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期4月期中英語(yǔ)試題【含答案解析】

高三英語(yǔ)考生注意：1．本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿(mǎn)分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2．答題前，考生務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將密封線(xiàn)內(nèi)項(xiàng)目填寫(xiě)清楚。3．考生作答時(shí)，請(qǐng)將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；非選擇題請(qǐng)用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無(wú)效。4．本卷命題范圍：高考范圍。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.答案是C。1．Whatdoesthemaninvitethewomantodo?A．Watchaplay.B．Gofishing.C．VisitSusan.2．Howmuchmoredoesthemanneed?A．$200.B．$500.C．$700.3．Whydoesthewomanaskforaleavenextweek?A．Totravelaroundtheworld.B．Toattendawedding.C．Toholdaceremony.4．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Motherandson.B．Shopkeeperandcustomer.C．Coachandplayer.5．Whatisthemansupposedtodonext?A．Firethewoman.B．Watchagame.C．Playamatch.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inthestreet.B．Inacollege.C．Inastore.7．Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A．Sellsomeitems.B．Fixthemessageboard.C．Findalanguagepartner.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．Whatisprobablythewoman?A．Aneditor.B．Astudent.C．Ateacher.9．Whichcountrydoesthewomanthinkisbetterfortheman?A．TheUK.B．America.C．Canada.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Howlongdidthepartylast?A．Sevenhours.B．Sixhours.C．Twohours.11．Whenwillthemanhaveabigexam?A．ThisSaturday.B．NextTuesday.C．NextThursday.12．Whowillthemanmeettoday?A．Hisclassmates.B．Histeacher.C．Hisboss.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．HowdoesthewomanfeelabouttheearlymarriageinMalawi?A．Pleased.B．Uninterested.C．Shocked.14．WhatkindofpersonisChazeza’suncle?A．Self-centered.B．Kind-hearted.C．Cruel.15．WhohelpedChazezafinishhercollegeeducation?A．Hercolleague.B．Herparents.C．Hergrandfather.16．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Afamily.B．Aschool.C．Astory.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．WhatcanwelearnaboutAustralianfood?A．Itisthemostexpensive.B．Itishardtoaccept.C．Itisaffectedbymanycultures.18．WhatdoChinesestudentsprobablythinkofnoodlesinAustralia?A．Original.B．Justso-so.C．Awful.19．WhichfoodiseateneverymorningafterabignightinAustralia?A．Dumplings.B．Honeychicken.C．Meatpie.20．Whatisthespeakerdoing?A．Teachinghowtocookfood.B．TellingfoodcultureinAustralia.C．Comparingdifferentlivesintheworld.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheGreatCourses—BestforLifelongLearnersTheGreatCourses,oneofthebestonlinecourseproviders,isanonlineplatformthatcanmeetthedemandsofindividualswholovetolearnsimplyforjoyandchoosefrom1,345coursesinarangeoftopics.TheGreatCoursesOverviewAreasofstudy13subjectsavailableCourselevelBeginner,advancedCost$18.50—$469.95LanguagesavailableEnglishonlyWhatWeLike●Whilemostotheronlinecourseprovidersconcentrateonupskillingandimprovingcareerandsalaryprospects,thisplatformismoreaboutsharingknowledgeforthepurposeofsatisfyingintellectualcuriosity.Popularcoursesfocusonsubjectslikecooking,painting,dogtraining,language,culture,literature,music,science,history,geographyandmore.●Lessonsarevideo-based,availablebystreamingthroughTheGreatCourses’websiteormobileapporonDVDs.Manylecturesarealsoavailableasstreamingaudiomakesiteveneasierforstudentstolearnanytimeandanywhere.●Thepriceofcoursescanrangefromaround$20toafewhundreddollars,butTheGreatCoursesregularlyoffersdiscounts.TheGreatCoursesalsopartnerswithWondrium,asubscribedonlinelearningplatform,whichgivesstudentsunlimitedaccesstoalibraryofcoursesfor$12.50permonth.WhatWeDon’tLikeStudentswho’reseekingonlinelearningtogainmarketable,career-focusedskillsmayneedhelpinfindingwhatthey’relookingforthroughTheGreatCourses.Thisplatformhasnogradesorcertificatesofcompletion.Lecture-basedvideolessonsmaynotappealtoalllearners,especiallythosewhoprefermasteringnewskillsthroughexperientiallearningorreadingassignments.WhatStudentsAreSayingUsersgivetheplatform3.8starsonTrustpilot.“I’vebeenenjoyingcoursesfromthiscompanyforthelasttenyears.Itscourseshavebroadenedmyoutlookonlife,educatedmeandentertainedme,”writesonestudent.1.WhatdoesTheGreatCoursesfocusmoreon?A.Improvingcareerskills. B.Hands-onpractice.C.Tipsonincreasingincomes. D.Sharingknowledge.2.WhatcanweknowaboutTheGreatCourses?A.Itspartnerprovidescoursesforfree. B.Itscourseexpensesaretoohigh.C.Ithasconvenientvideo-basedlessons. D.Ithelpsalotforthosejob-seekers.3.WhatisadisadvantageofTheGreatCourses?A.Itoffersnocompletioncertificates. B.Itstopicisrelativelysingle.C.Itisonlysuitableforbeginners. D.Itssubjectsareverylimited.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了TheGreatCourses網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)的學(xué)習(xí)范疇及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatWeLike中“Whilemostotheronlinecourseprovidersconcentrateonupskillingandimprovingcareerandsalaryprospects,thisplatformismoreaboutsharingknowledge…(雖然大多數(shù)其他在線(xiàn)課程提供商都集中在提升技能和改善職業(yè)及薪酬前景上，但這個(gè)平臺(tái)更多的是關(guān)于分享知識(shí))”可知，TheGreatCourses平臺(tái)更加關(guān)注分享知識(shí)，故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatWeLike中“Lessonsarevideo-based,availablebystreamingthroughTheGreatCourses’websiteormobileapporonDVDs.Manylecturesarealsoavailableasstreamingaudiomakesiteveneasierforstudentstolearnanytimeandanywhere(課程以視頻為基礎(chǔ)，可以通過(guò)大課程網(wǎng)站或移動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序進(jìn)行流媒體播放，也可以在DVD上播放。許多講座還以流媒體音頻的形式提供，使學(xué)生能夠隨時(shí)隨地學(xué)習(xí)，更加便捷)”可知，TheGreatCourses有便利的基于視頻的課程，故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatWeDon’tLike中“Thisplatformhasnogradesorcertificatesofcompletion(這個(gè)平臺(tái)沒(méi)有成績(jī)或完成證書(shū))”可知，TheGreatCourses不提供結(jié)業(yè)證書(shū)，故選A項(xiàng)。BThisyear,theMusicEducatorAward,presentedbytheRecordingAcademyandGrammyMuseum,wenttoAnnieRay,theperformingartsdepartmentchairandorchestradirectoratAnnandaleHighSchoolinFairfaxCounty,Virginia.SheattendedtheawardsceremonyinLosAngelesandbroughthomebotha$10,000prizeandmatchinggrant（資助）forherschool’smusicprogram.RaycreatedtheCrescendoOrchestraforstudentswithsevereintellectualanddevelopmentaldisabilities,aswellasaparentorchestrathatteachesnearly200caregiversayeartoplaythesameinstrumentastheirchildren.ShegottheideamostlyfromtheAnnandalecommunity,whichshesaysrepresentsover60countries,includingmanyrefugeesandimmigrants.“There’remanyculturesthatmighttypicallyclash,buttheycometogetherinthisverybeautifulharmony,”Rayexplained.“Andthat’sreallyuniquelyexpressedintheorchestraclassroom,wherewe’rejustallmusic-ingtogether.”RaysaystheCrescendoOrchestraisfocusedonteachingstudentshowtoplayaninstrument,throughone-on-oneinstructiontailoredtotheirneeds.Theorchestraisaboutmuchmorethanjustmakingmusic,however.“Ireallypushmystudentstobebraveandgooutsideoftheircomfortzone.Wehavetolearnhowtoworktogetherwithothers,”shesays.Ray,whocomesfromafamilyofmusiciansandhasplayedtheharp（豎琴）sincetheageoffive,knowsfirsthandtheimpactthatagreatteachercanmakeontheirstudents.“WhyIamwhereIamisbecauseateacherchangedmylifeandmademewanttobeamusiceducator,”shesays.Raysaysherwarmreceptionontheawardsceremonyisespeciallymeaningfulbecausenotmanypeopleunderstandwhatexactlymusiceducatorsdointheclassroomorhowmuchtheirworkmatters.Shesaysthatlackofunderstandingisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacingtheprofessioningeneral.Moreover,shesaysherschooldesperatelyneedsnewinstruments,andaddsthatshe’llusesomeofhergrantmoneytobuymore.4.WhatmainlyinspiredRaytocreatetheCrescendoOrchestra?A.Theeffectofsomecaregivers. B.Thediversityofacommunity.CTheharmonyofthedisabled. D.Therichcultureofherschool.5.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Whoareinfluencedbymusic. B.HowtheCrescendoOrchestradevelops.C.Whatstudentscanlearn. D.Whystudentsneedspecialinstruction.6.HowwasRayinfluencedbyherteacher?A.Shefundedsomestudents. B.Shefoughtagainstherfamily.C.Shebeganlearningtheharp. D.Shechosetobeamusiceducator.7.WhatcanbelearnedfromwhatRaysaysinthelastparagraph?A.Musiceducationneedstobeappreciated. B.Shebadlywantsdonationsforinstruments.C.Theadministrationoffersnosupport. D.Sheisoftenchallengedbymusicians.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。由唱片學(xué)院和格萊美博物館頒發(fā)的音樂(lè)教育家獎(jiǎng)今年授予了弗吉尼亞州費(fèi)爾法克斯縣安南代爾高中的表演藝術(shù)系主任兼管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)總監(jiān)安妮·雷，她因努力讓學(xué)生，尤其是殘疾學(xué)生能接觸到音樂(lè)而受到表彰?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“RaycreatedtheCrescendoOrchestraforstudentswithsevereintellectualanddevelopmentaldisabilities,aswellasaparentorchestrathatteachesnearly200caregiversayeartoplaythesameinstrumentastheirchildren.ShegottheideamostlyfromtheAnnandalecommunity,whichshesaysrepresentsover60countries,includingmanyrefugeesandimmigrants.”（Ray為有嚴(yán)重智力和發(fā)展障礙的學(xué)生以及一支教育近200名照顧者每年學(xué)習(xí)與他們的孩子相同樂(lè)器的家長(zhǎng)樂(lè)隊(duì)創(chuàng)辦了CrescendoOrchestra。她主要從代表60多個(gè)國(guó)家的Annandale社區(qū)中得到了這個(gè)想法，其中包括許多難民和移民。）可知，Ray創(chuàng)辦CrescendoOrchestra的主要靈感來(lái)源于社區(qū)成員的多樣性。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theorchestraisaboutmuchmorethanjustmakingmusic,however.“Ireallypushmystudentstobebraveandgooutsideoftheircomfortzone.Wehavetolearnhowtoworktogetherwithothers,”shesays.”（然而，樂(lè)隊(duì)的意義遠(yuǎn)不止于制作音樂(lè)。“我真的鼓勵(lì)我的學(xué)生要勇敢，走出他們的舒適區(qū)。我們必須學(xué)會(huì)與他人合作，”她說(shuō)。）可知，這一段主要講述了學(xué)生們可以從CrescendoOrchestra中學(xué)到的東西。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段““WhyIamwhereIamisbecauseateacherchangedmylifeandmademewanttobeamusiceducator,”shesays.”（“我之所以在我現(xiàn)在的位置，是因?yàn)橐晃焕蠋煾淖兞宋业纳睿屛蚁氤蔀橐幻魳?lè)教育家，”她說(shuō)。）可知，Ray的老師影響了她，使她選擇成為一名音樂(lè)教育家。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Shesaysthatlackofunderstandingisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacingtheprofessioningeneral.Moreover,shesaysherschooldesperatelyneedsnewinstruments,andaddsthatshe’llusesomeofhergrantmoneytobuymore.”（她說(shuō)，缺乏理解是這個(gè)行業(yè)面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一。此外，她說(shuō)她的學(xué)校急需新的樂(lè)器，她將使用她的一部分資助金購(gòu)買(mǎi)更多。）可推知，Ray認(rèn)為音樂(lè)教育需要得到重視。故選A項(xiàng)。CPeoplehavelongwatchedmoths(飛蛾)andotherflyinginsectsflocktostreetlamps,lightsandflames.Theseinsectsappearattractedbythelight.Butanewstudysuggeststheymayjustlosetrackofwhichwayisup.Previoustheoriessaylightprobablyblindsflyinginsectssothattheygettrappedbythelight,ormaybetheyinterpretlightatnightasaplacetoflyforaquickescape.Nowthenewstudysuggestsflyinginsectsinsteadturntheirbackstothesky’slighttokeeptheirfeetpointingtowardtheground.Insectsnaturallyturntheirbackstowardlight.Butwhenthatlightisfromanartificialsource,itmayaffecttheirsenseofdirection,leadingtothemflyingincirclesordivingtowardtheground.AtafieldstationinCostaRica,SamuelFabian,anentomologistfromImperialCollegeLondoninEnglandandhisteammatessetuphangingandstandinglights,andthenusedhigh-speedcamerastotrackwild,flyinginsectsincludingmothsandflies.Somecircledthelightsendlessly,andothersflewsharplyupward,losingspeeduntiltheycouldn’tflyanyhigher.Whenthelightsourcepointedup,someinsectsturnedaroundandheadedfortheground.Duringtheflight,theinsectsalwayskeptthelightsattheirbackevenifthey’dendupcrashing.Crashlandingswerecommonwhentheteamlitupawhitesheetonthefloor.Butnotwhenawhitesheet—stretchedintoaheightabovethefloor—wasbathedindiffuse(漫射)light,muchastheskywouldbe,insectsflewthroughtheareawithoutgettingtrappedbythelight.Theteamalsoobservedsomespeciesinalab.Mothsanddragonfliesgenerallybehavedlikethewildinsects,andtheykeptthelightattheirbacks.However,inthelab,fruitflies,likeoleanderhawkmoths—whichcanflyinthedark—couldflyoverLEDlightswithoutbeingthrownoffcourse.Inthewild,though,themothsstillcrashed.Maybethisisbecause,Fabiansays,theinsectscansometimescontroltheirresponsetolight,orovertime,theymightlearntoavoidartificiallight.8.Whydoinsectsnaturallyturntheirbackstowardlight?A.Togetclosetothelight. B.Toescapebeingcaughtquickly.C.Toprotecttheirfeetbetter. D.Totrackwherethegroundis.9.Whatdidtheresearchersfindduringthenewstudy?A.Artificiallightatnightcouldputinsectsonacrashcourse.B.Artificiallightsignaledanescaperoutefortheinsects.C.Theinsectshadabettersenseofdirection.D.Theinsectswereflyingtowardthelight.10.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningoleanderhawkmoths?A.Tostresstheimportanceofthestudy. B.Toprovetheprevioustheory.C.Totelltheexistenceoftheexception. D.Toexplaintheflightpattern.11.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ArtificialLightMakesInsectsMoreAdaptable B.InsectsMayLoseTracknearArtificialLightC.TheWaystoGetRidofLightPollution D.InsectsLearntoFlyforaQuickEscape【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)夜晚趨光的研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)飛蛾和其他飛蟲(chóng)之所以會(huì)聚集在燈和火焰前并不是因?yàn)樗鼈儽贿@些光線(xiàn)迷住了，而是它們可能不知道飛行的方向。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Nowthenewstudysuggestsflyinginsectsinsteadturntheirbackstothesky’slighttokeeptheirfeetpointingtowardtheground.Insectsnaturallyturntheirbackstowardlight.Butwhenthatlightisfromanartificialsource,itmayaffecttheirsenseofdirection,leadingtothemflyingincirclesordivingtowardtheground.(現(xiàn)在，新的研究表明，飛行昆蟲(chóng)會(huì)背對(duì)天空的光線(xiàn)，以保持它們的腳指向地面。昆蟲(chóng)自然會(huì)背對(duì)光線(xiàn)。但是當(dāng)這種光來(lái)自人造光源時(shí)，它可能會(huì)影響它們的方向感，導(dǎo)致它們繞圈飛行或向地面俯沖。)”可知，昆蟲(chóng)自然地將背部對(duì)準(zhǔn)光飛行，以保持它們的腳指向地面，是為了找到地面的位置。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“

Butwhenthatlightisfromanartificialsource,itmayaffecttheirsenseofdirection,leadingtothemflyingincirclesordivingtowardtheground.(但是當(dāng)這種光來(lái)自人造光源時(shí)，它可能會(huì)影響它們的方向感，導(dǎo)致它們繞圈飛行或向地面俯沖。)”以及第三段中“Whenthelightsourcepointedup,someinsectsturnedaroundandheadedfortheground.Duringtheflight,theinsectsalwayskeptthelightsattheirbackevenifthey’dendupcrashing.(當(dāng)光源指向上方時(shí)，一些昆蟲(chóng)就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)身向地面飛去。在飛行過(guò)程中，這些昆蟲(chóng)總是把燈放在身后，即使它們最終會(huì)墜毀。)”可知，人工光源可能會(huì)讓昆蟲(chóng)失去方向感，導(dǎo)致它們撞到地面。故選A。10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Theteamalsoobservedsomespeciesinalab.Mothsanddragonfliesgenerallybehavedlikethewildinsects,andtheykeptthelightattheirbacks.However,inthelab,fruitflies,likeoleanderhawkmoths—whichcanflyinthedark—couldflyoverLEDlightswithoutbeingthrownoffcourse.

(研究小組還在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里觀察了一些物種。飛蛾和蜻蜓通常表現(xiàn)得像野生昆蟲(chóng)，它們把光放在背后。然而，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，像夾竹桃鷹蛾這樣可以在黑暗中飛行的果蠅，可以飛過(guò)LED燈而不會(huì)偏離航線(xiàn)。)”而不會(huì)偏離航線(xiàn)。）可知，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里飛蛾和蜻蜓通常表現(xiàn)得像野生昆蟲(chóng)，背光飛行，像夾竹桃鷹蛾這樣可以在黑暗中飛行的果蠅，可以飛過(guò)LED燈而不會(huì)偏離航線(xiàn)。由此可知，作者提到夾竹桃鷹蛾是為了說(shuō)明有例外的存在。故選C?！?1題詳解】標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Peoplehavelongwatchedmoths(飛蛾)andotherflyinginsectsflocktostreetlamps,lightsandflames.Theseinsectsappearattractedbythelight.Butanewstudysuggeststheymayjustlosetrackofwhichwayisup.(人們?cè)缇涂吹斤w蛾和其他飛蟲(chóng)成群結(jié)隊(duì)地飛向路燈、燈光和火焰。這些昆蟲(chóng)似乎被光線(xiàn)吸引了。但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，他們可能只是忘記了哪條路是向上的。)”以及第二段中“Nowthenewstudysuggestsflyinginsectsinsteadturntheirbackstothesky’slighttokeeptheirfeetpointingtowardtheground.Insectsnaturallyturntheirbackstowardlight.Butwhenthatlightisfromanartificialsource,itmayaffecttheirsenseofdirection,leadingtothemflyingincirclesordivingtowardtheground.(現(xiàn)在，新的研究表明，飛行昆蟲(chóng)會(huì)背對(duì)天空的光線(xiàn)，以保持它們的腳指向地面。昆蟲(chóng)自然會(huì)背對(duì)光線(xiàn)。但是當(dāng)這種光來(lái)自人造光源時(shí)，它可能會(huì)影響它們的方向感，導(dǎo)致它們繞圈飛行或向地面俯沖。)”可知，本文主要講述一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：飛蛾和其他飛蟲(chóng)聚集在燈和火焰前是因?yàn)檫@些光線(xiàn)擾亂了它們的飛行路線(xiàn)。B項(xiàng)“InsectsMayLoseTracknearArtificialLight(昆蟲(chóng)可能在人造光附近迷失方向)”能夠概括文章主旨，適合作為本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。DTheEbolavirusisaninfectiousdiseasethatforyearshadalmostnotreatments,anditkillsabouthalfthepeopleitinfects.NowanewstudypublishedinTheLancetInfectiousDiseasesshowsthatapromisingvaccine(疫苗),namedrVSV△G-ZEBOV-GP,doesn’tjusthelptoreduceinfections,italsocancutthosedeathnumbersinhalf.Thevaccineisasingle-dose(單劑)muscularonethatcausescellstoproduceoneofthevirus’sproteins.“Later,ifthepersonisexposedtoEbola,”explainsRebeccaCoulborn,ascientistwithEpicentre,themedicalresearcharmofDoctorsWithoutBorders,“theirimmunesystemwillrecognizetheviralprotein.ThisrecognitionallowstheimmunesystemtobepreparedtoattackthevirusandprotectthepersonfromEbolavirusdisease.”ResearchersshowedrVSV△G-ZEBOV-GPwaseffectiveatreducingtheriskofinfection,butnooneknewhowcapableitwasofpreventingdeathinsomeonewhowasvaccinatedafterbecominginfectedduringanepidemic(流行病).Tofigureitout,Coulbornandhercolleaguesfocusedtheireffortsonthesecond-largestEbolaoutbreakeverrecorded,whichoccurredintheDemocraticRepublicofCongobetween2018and2020.“EverysingleEbolahealthfacilityacrosstheentireEbolaepidemichadastandardizedlistofalladmissions,”saysCoulborn.Thislistincluded2,279confirmedEbolapatients,anditrecordedwhetherornoteachpersonhadbeenvaccinatedbeforetheygotsick—andifso,whenthey’dreceivedthevaccine.Coulbornfoundthedeathratewas56%amongtheunvaccinated.Butforthosewho’dreceivedthevaccine,thatratewascutinhalf.Thiswastruenomatterwhensomeonegotvaccinatedbeforetheappearanceofsymptoms.Additionally,thosewho’dbeenvaccinatedhadlessviruscirculatingintheirbodiesthanthosewhohadn’t.Sothevaccineplayedanimportantrole.RebeccaCoulbornsaysshefeelsbuoyedbytheresults—sincetheyofferclearevidencethatpeoplewho’reatriskofcontractingEbolashouldbevaccinatedearly.It’sanopportunitytocutchainsoftransmission(傳播)andpreventanoutbreakbeforeitgainsspeed.12.WhatisCoulborntryingtotalkaboutconcerningthevaccineinparagraph2?A.Whoitattacks. B.Whyitisdeveloped. C.Howitworks. D.Whereitcomesfrom.13.Coulborn’steamchosethesecondlargestEbolaoutbreakinCongobecause______.A.itlistedhealthfacilities B.itwaseasytoanalyzeC.itcausedthefewestdeaths D.ithadadetailedrecord14.WhatdidCoulbornprobablysuggestpeopleinfecteddo?A.Avoidconnectingwitheachother. B.Getvaccinatedasearlyaspossible.C.Stayathometoreducethespread. D.Learntorecognizethesymptoms.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“buoyed”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Encouraged. B.Relaxed. C.Astonished. D.Honored.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：埃博拉疫苗rVSV△G-ZEBOV-GP即使是在感染后接種也可以將死亡率降低一半?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容,尤其是“theirimmunesystemwillrecognizetheviralprotein.ThisrecognitionallowstheimmunesystemtobepreparedtoattackthevirusandprotectthepersonfromEbolavirusdisease.(他們的免疫系統(tǒng)將識(shí)別出病毒蛋白。這種識(shí)別使得免疫系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)備好攻擊病毒，并保護(hù)人們免受埃博拉病毒疾病的侵害。)”可推斷，Coulborn在第二段主要講述的是該疫苗是如何產(chǎn)生作用的。故選C項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Tofigureitout,Coulbornandhercolleaguesfocusedtheireffortsonthesecond-largestEbolaoutbreakeverrecorded…(為了弄清楚這一點(diǎn)，庫(kù)爾伯恩和她的同事們將他們的研究重點(diǎn)放在了有記錄以來(lái)第二大的埃博拉疫情上……)”及第四段“EverysingleEbolahealthfacilityacrosstheentireEbolaepidemichadastandardizedlistofalladmissions,(在整個(gè)埃博拉疫情中，每一個(gè)埃博拉健康設(shè)施都有一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的入院名單，包含了所有入院記錄)”可推斷，剛果第二大埃博拉疫情的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)記載比較詳細(xì)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Additionally,thosewho’dbeenvaccinatedhadlessviruscirculatingintheirbodiesthanthosewhohadn’t.So,thevaccineplayedanimportantrole.(此外，接種過(guò)疫苗的人體內(nèi)的病毒循環(huán)量比未接種疫苗的人要少。因此，疫苗發(fā)揮了重要作用。)”及最后一段可知，Coulborn可能會(huì)建議感染的人盡早接受疫苗。故選B項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后“…sincetheyofferclearevidencethatpeoplewho’reatriskofcontractingEbolashouldbevaccinatedearly.(……這提供了明確的證據(jù)，表明那些有感染埃博拉風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人應(yīng)該盡早接種疫苗。)”可推斷，麗貝卡·庫(kù)爾伯恩說(shuō)，她對(duì)結(jié)果感到鼓舞。畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞與Encouraged的意思相同。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Doyouneedacareerlaunchplan?Itisn’tabsolutelyessentialbutitcanbeextremelyhelpful!Awell-createdplanisnotjustaboutlandingajob;itisaboutenteringtheprofessionalfieldwithacompetitiveedge.Beyondthat,it’sastrategy.____16____Therefore,acareerlaunchplanisyoursurvivalguide,helpingyouavoidthetrapsandseizetherightopportunities.Sowhynotfollowthefollowingtipstocreatearightcareerlaunchplan?____17____Ifyouweretoplanoutyourtravelroutes,whatwouldyoudo?You’renotjustrandomlymoving;you’reintentionalaboutwhereyouwanttogoandwhatyouwanttoachieve.Soisacareerplan.Itinvolvesoutliningspecificandachievablegoalsthatgivedirectiontoyourcareertrajectory(軌跡).Developrelevantskills.Onceyou’veidentifiedthequalificationsandskillsdemandedinyouridealprofession,it’stimetoacquirethem!Signupforcourses,pursuecertifications,orgainhands-onexperiencetoenhanceyourskillset.____18____Startyourjobhunt.Yourapproachtojobapplicationsshouldbemorelikeaprecisionstrikethanamessyexplosionofarrowsinalldirections.____19____It’snotjustaboutquantity;it’saboutquality.Tailoreachapplicationtothespecificroleandcompany,emphasizinghowyourskillsandexperiencesagreewiththeirneeds.Stayflexibleandagile(機(jī)敏的).Thejobmarketischanging,andbeingadaptableisaninvaluableability.____20____Developamindsetofcontinuousimprovement—alwaysseekingwaystoenhanceyourskills,knowledge,andapproachtostayrelevantintheever-evolvingprofessionallandscape.A.Setyourgoals.B.Researchyouroptions.C.So,whatshouldyoudotodealwithit?D.Toachievethis,developasystematicapproachtoyourjobsearch.E.Bydoingthese,you’reessentiallyimprovingyourtechniques!F.Thejobmarketcanbeajungle,especiallywhenyou’rejuststarting.G.Thegoalistocreateafoundationthat’llguideyourcareerdecisions.【答案】16.F17.A18.E19.D20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了如何制定職業(yè)啟動(dòng)計(jì)劃?！?6題詳解】上文“Doyouneedacareerlaunchplan?Itisn’tabsolutelyessentialbutitcanbeextremelyhelpful!Awell-createdplanisnotjustaboutlandingajob;itisaboutenteringtheprofessionalfieldwithacompetitiveedge.Beyondthat,it’sastrategy.(你需要一個(gè)職業(yè)生涯啟動(dòng)計(jì)劃嗎？這不是絕對(duì)必要的，但它會(huì)非常有幫助！一個(gè)精心制定的計(jì)劃不僅僅是為了找到一份工作；這是關(guān)于進(jìn)入具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域。除此之外，這也是一種策略)”表明你有必要進(jìn)行職業(yè)規(guī)劃，下文“Therefore,acareerlaunchplanisyoursurvivalguide,helpingyouavoidthetrapsandseizetherightopportunities.(因此，職業(yè)啟動(dòng)計(jì)劃是你的生存指南，幫助你避開(kāi)陷阱，抓住正確的機(jī)會(huì))”表明啟動(dòng)職業(yè)計(jì)劃的好處，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“就業(yè)市場(chǎng)可能是一片叢林，尤其是當(dāng)你剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候?！背猩蠁⑾拢v明有職業(yè)規(guī)劃的必要性，與下文形成因果關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】下文“Ifyouweretoplanoutyourtravelroutes,whatwouldyoudo?You’renotjustrandomlymoving;you’reintentionalaboutwhereyouwanttogoandwhatyouwanttoachieve.Soisacareerplan.Itinvolvesoutliningspecificandachievablegoalsthatgivedirectiontoyourcareertrajectory.(如果你計(jì)劃好你的旅行路線(xiàn)，你會(huì)怎么做？你不只是隨意移動(dòng)；你對(duì)自己想去的地方和想要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)是有意識(shí)的。職業(yè)規(guī)劃也是如此。它包括概述具體的和可實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，為你的職業(yè)軌跡指明方向)”表明你要有職業(yè)目標(biāo)，空處作為本段的小標(biāo)題，應(yīng)概括本段內(nèi)容，A項(xiàng)“設(shè)定你的目標(biāo)?！背薪酉挛?，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Signupforcourses,pursuecertifications,orgainhands-onexperiencetoenhanceyourskillset.(報(bào)名參加課程、獲得認(rèn)證或獲得實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)以提高你的技能)”列舉了幾種提高技能的方式，E項(xiàng)“通過(guò)這樣做，你在本質(zhì)上提高了你的技術(shù)！”承接上文，表明這樣做產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，且呼應(yīng)本段的小標(biāo)題，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】上文“Startyourjobhunt.Yourapproachtojobapplicationsshouldbemorelikeaprecisionstrikethanamessyexplosionofarrowsinalldirections.(開(kāi)始找工作。你的求職方法應(yīng)該更像是一次精確的打擊，而不是向四面八方胡亂射出的箭雨)”表明找工作要有明確的方向，D項(xiàng)“為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，制定一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的求職方法?！背薪由衔?，選項(xiàng)中asystematicapproachtoyourjobsearch與上文相呼應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“Thejobmarketischanging,andbeingadaptableisaninvaluableability.(就業(yè)市場(chǎng)正在發(fā)生變化，適應(yīng)能力是一種寶貴的能力)”表明職業(yè)市場(chǎng)不斷變化，下文“Developamindsetofcontinuousimprovement—alwaysseekingwaystoenhanceyourskills,knowledge,andapproachtostayrelevantintheever-evolvingprofessionallandscape.(培養(yǎng)持續(xù)改進(jìn)的心態(tài)——始終尋求提高技能、知識(shí)和方法的方法，以在不斷發(fā)展的職業(yè)環(huán)境中保持相關(guān)性)”表明你怎樣應(yīng)對(duì)不斷變化的職業(yè)環(huán)境，C項(xiàng)“那么，你該怎么處理呢？”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ThatmorninginSeptember,atafive-kilometerrace,Iwaitedformy11-year-oldsonatthefinishline.He’drun30:34atanother5kinlatespring,soI____21____hecouldruna5kinabout30minutes.WhenIdidn’tseehimatthe35-minutemark,Ibeganto____22____.It’dalreadybeenan____23____morning.Aboutanhourearlier,whenwedroveintotown,mysonnoticedalovelytinygreentreecricketinmycar.Itjumpedontomyson’shandwhereitstayedsolongthatweeventuallygaveitaname:LittleFriend.Minutesbeforetherace,itjumpedontothesidewalk.Maybeitwantedtoseekfreedom,butthiswasn’tasafeplaceduetothe____24____pedestriantraffic.Somysonkneltand____25____hishand.LittleFriendcameback.ButItoldhimhewould____26____itduringtherace.Iranwellandfeltthrilledatthefinishline.However,that____27____gavewaytoanxietywhenmysondidn’tshowup.I____28____askingpeopleifthey’dseenhim.Noonehad.SoIreturnedtotheraceheadquarters.Inmyconfusion,Ididn’tevenseehim____29____thefinishline.Buttherehewas,justaheadofthe45-minutemark,withLittleFriend____30____onhisrightthumb.My____31____werewrong.Mysondidn’trunfast,andhedidn’tloseLittleFriend.Thesetwo____32____seemedsomehowrelated.He____33____acoldhewasgettingover,butIknewitwasmorethanthat.Sometimeslifegivesyousomethingbeautiful,butfragile.There’snoneedto____34____ahead.Treatit____35____andholdonwhenyoucan.21.A.indicated B.knew C.meant D.stressed22.A.question B.forgive C.panic D.regret23.A.average B.endless C.unusual D.original24.A.invisible B.smooth C.unpredictable D.easy25.A.tookout B.reachedout C.gaveaway D.putup26.A.lose B.change C.train D.catch27.A.eagerness B.nervousness C.annoyance D.excitement28.A.enjoyed B.kept C.practiced D.stopped29.A.crossing B.blocking C.facing D.touching30.A.arguing B.sighing C.riding D.feeding31.A.evaluations B.guesses C.conclusions D.comments32.A.facts B.ideas C.tasks D.activities33.A.overcame B.treated C.received D.blamed34.A.move B.fly C.struggle D.rush35.A.gently B.wisely C.loosely D.urgently【答案】21B22.C23.C24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.A30.C31.B32.A33.D34.D35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者兒子在5公里賽跑比賽時(shí)，為了不失去自己的蟋蟀朋友，沒(méi)有跑得很快，讓作者感悟到有時(shí)候生活給了你一些美好的，卻又脆弱的東西。沒(méi)有必要操之過(guò)急。溫柔地對(duì)待它，盡可能地抓住它?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在春末的另一場(chǎng)5公里比賽中，他跑了30分34秒，所以我知道他可以在30分鐘內(nèi)跑完5公里。A.indicated表明；B.knew知道；C.meant意味著；D.stressed強(qiáng)調(diào)。根據(jù)后文“hecouldruna5kinabout30minutes”指作者知道兒子可以在30分鐘內(nèi)跑完5公里。故選B。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我在35分鐘的時(shí)候沒(méi)有看到他時(shí)，我開(kāi)始恐慌。A.question質(zhì)問(wèn)；B.forgive原諒；C.panic恐慌；D.regret后悔。上文提到作者知道兒子可以在30分鐘內(nèi)跑完5公里，所以在35分鐘的時(shí)候沒(méi)有看到他時(shí)，作者開(kāi)始恐慌。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這已經(jīng)是一個(gè)不尋常的早晨了。A.average平均的；B.endless無(wú)盡的；C.unusual