Unit1ScienceFictionReviewofthepassivevoice謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

Unit1ScienceFiction

Reviewofthepassivevoicereviewthe

verb

inflection

of

passive

voice

in

different

tensesusepassive

voice

appropriately

according

to

specific

situationsLearningObjectivese7d195523061f1c03a90ee8e42cb24248e56383cd534985688F9F494128731F165EE95AB4B0C0A38076AAEA07667B1565C446FC45FF01DFB0E885BCDBDF3A284F3DB14DA61DD97F0BAB2E6C668FB4931B99D40B68E3E163A3A4B4FF9E05F32600ADA91C98B4F08D1B805A2C545E5A028E2D477D6D81307A6D0037F75070707DD2AC68F0968EA62A7Readthesentencescarefullyandpayattentiontotheunderlinedpart.ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry'swife,Claire.Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman,anditwasdisturbing.Ashewasnotallowed

toaccompanyhertotheshops...Tonyexpectedthatthehouse,whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed,...Thesaleswomantherewasrudetoher,sosherangTonyandtoldhimshewasbeingtreatedbadly.劃線部分都用到了

語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)Partone被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)定義e7d195523061f1c03a90ee8e42cb24248e56383cd534985688F9F494128731F165EE95AB4B0C0A38076AAEA07667B1565C446FC45FF01DFB0E885BCDBDF3A284F3DB14DA61DD97F0BAB2E6C668FB4931E9A796289BAAC00412770D385B06F0DB63D7B50559E58145CCA680AA8E90D6DC673D2B5E436AA2CAC83B1CBDD11021E03F17FC35CB3FF0B2B8C9E9B03B82D466英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者，其構(gòu)成形式：be＋過(guò)去分詞。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，常在by后跟動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

Thedefinitionofthepassivevoice

什么時(shí)候使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？Sugarcaneisgrown

inthesouth.ThesongTheEastisRed

waswrittenbyapoorpeasant(農(nóng)民).1.不知道或沒(méi)必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。Margaretwasgiven

somebadadviceaboutselectingcourses.3.出于禮貌，不愿意說(shuō)出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。4.廣播、廣告、新聞、標(biāo)題中。SatisfactionGuaranteed/Manwanted.Parttwo被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成(下表中以動(dòng)詞do為例)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does一般過(guò)去時(shí)did一般將來(lái)時(shí)willdoam/is/aregoingtodo現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoing過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)woulddo現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/shallhavedoneam/is/aredonewas/weredonewillbedoneam/is/aregoingtobedoneam/is/arebeingdonewouldbedonewas/werebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendone（2022·全國(guó)I卷）Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP____________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”句意：在三年的試驗(yàn)期后，GPNP將在明年被正式建立起來(lái)。GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)“保護(hù)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實(shí)性和完整性，維護(hù)生物多樣性，保護(hù)生態(tài)緩沖區(qū)，為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”的指導(dǎo)原則。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)，和句子的主語(yǔ)TheGPNP之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；敘述客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故design應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。故填isdesigned。isdesigned（2017·天津）Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,___________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.（2023·天津）Thewoodentowerthat________________

(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon,andtheworkisalmostfinished.（2021·天津）Currently,about35,000works_______________(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.（2021全國(guó)甲卷）It

(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangDynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).isregardedisbeingrestoredarebeingdisplayedwasbuiltalongwith連接的三個(gè)動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就遠(yuǎn)原則

Itsohappenedthatmymobilephone

(repair)whenyoucalledmeyesterday.Wewenttothesupermarkettodosomeshopping.onlytobetoldthatit__________________(decorate).Look!Thepolice

(search)thewoodsnowandsurelythethief

(catch)verysoon.Afund

(setup)forhomelesschildreninthreedays.Thesportsmeetingthatthestudentsarelookingforwardto__________________________(hold)thedayaftertomorrow.wasbeingrepairedaresearchingwillbecaughtwillbesetupwillbeheld/isgoingtobeheldwasbeingdecorated（2020·全國(guó)III卷）Theartistwassurehewould__________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldnanlaughed.Inthepasttwentyyears,alotofancientbuildings___________________(destroy).Uptillnow,nonews_____________(hear)ofthemissingpeopleintheflood.Sofar,allthehomelesspeople_____________(give)foodandshelter.bechosenhavebeendestroyedhasbeenheardhavebeengivenMorethan5,000usedbikes

(collect)sincethetwobrotherssetuptheorganisation.Thissong________________(teach)ontheradiomanytimes,sonowIcansingitverywell.Inthelastfewyears,alotofteachingequipment__________________(produce)inthefactory.havebeencollectedhasbeentaughthasbeenproducedMorethan5,000usedbikes

(collect)sincethetwobrotherssetuptheorganisation.Thissong________________(teach)ontheradiomanytimes,sonowIcansingitverywell.Inthelastfewyears,alotofteachingequipment__________________(produce)inthefactory.havebeencollectedhasbeentaughthasbeenproduced

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常和以下詞或短語(yǔ)連用：already:已經(jīng)

(多用在肯定句)

yet:已經(jīng)

(多用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句)just:剛才

ever:曾經(jīng)never:從未

before:以前today:今天now:現(xiàn)在

since:從…以來(lái)次數(shù)

sofar=upto/till/untilnow:到目前為止inrecentdays/weeks/months/years:

在最近幾天/周/月/年

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常和以下詞或短語(yǔ)連用：recently=lately=oflate:最近

(recently有時(shí)也用于一般過(guò)去時(shí))for+一段時(shí)間:表示動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

句子中不能有具體

的過(guò)去時(shí)間。

in/over/for/duringthelast/past…:

在過(guò)去的多少時(shí)間里

Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan

(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.Johnhadtolethiscarrepairedinagaragebecauseit__________________(damage)seriously.Whentheycameoutofthemall,theydiscoveredthattheirnewcar________________(steal).（2021·天津）Markisagenius.Bythetimehegraduated,he_______________(offer)jobsbyadozencomputercompanies.hadbeencarriedhadbeendamagedhadbeenstolenhadbeenofferedOver2,000words________________(learn)bythestudents

bytheendoflastterm.hadbeenlearnedTworeports_______________(write)byHenrybeforehelefttheoffice.hadbeenwritten過(guò)去完成時(shí)常和以下時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用：

by/before/bytheendof+過(guò)去時(shí)間…earlier/before(多少時(shí)間前)longbefore(很久以前;老早;早就)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作時(shí),先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成時(shí),后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。ItisthefirsttimethatI

(invite)toattendsuchameeting.Itwasthefirsttimethatmydaughter_____________(ask)tosinginpublicandshewasabitnervous.hadbeeninvitedhadbeenasked固定句型?！斑@是某人第…次做某事”Itisthefirst/secondtimethatsbhas/havedonesth.Itwasthefirst/secondtimethatsbhaddonesth.get＋過(guò)去分詞,也可以表示被動(dòng)含義這種結(jié)構(gòu)多用于口語(yǔ)中，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者一般不表示出來(lái)。getmarried

結(jié)婚getengaged

訂婚getlost

迷路getdrunk

喝醉了getdressed

穿好衣服getcaught/stuck

被困gethurt/wounded

受傷帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成e.g.Theproblemmay__________inanumberofdifferentways.Inourschool,librarybooksmust__________

intwoweeks.besolved

bereturned

efficientmeasuresmust__________(take)toprotectthewildanimalsfrombeingkilledillegally.Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthedate__________________(advance)bytwodays.Thecommitteeurgedthatameeting________________(hold)bytheweekendtodiscusstheproblem.(should)beadvanced(should)beheldbetaken在一些固定句型中常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Itissaidthat…Itisreportedthat…Itishopedthat…Itiswellknownthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…據(jù)說(shuō)…據(jù)報(bào)道…人們希望…眾所周知…人們相信…必須指出的是…Partthree被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

例：He

gave

her

some

money.

She

was

given

some

money.

Some

money

was

given

to

her.帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句，變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，一般把“人”提前作主語(yǔ)；將“物”提前則要在“人”的前面加to

或for。bringhand,pass,offer,lend,read,send,show,teach,write等雙賓語(yǔ)易位時(shí)需借助介詞to的常用動(dòng)詞buy,cook,choose,make,prepare，sing，pick(采摘)fetch（取來(lái)，拿來(lái)）,spare(留出，抽出，勻出)雙賓語(yǔ)易位時(shí)需借助介詞for的常用動(dòng)詞練習(xí)：變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Myfatheristellingmeaninterestingstorynow.→Aninterestingstory___________________bymyfathernow.→I________________aninterestingstorybymyfathernow.isbeingtoldtomeambeingtold

Mymotherwillbuymeacoatnextweek.→

I_________________________________nextweek.→

Acoat____________________________________nextweek.willbebought

forme(bymymother)willbeboughtacoat(bymymother)接復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞后有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))，應(yīng)將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留不動(dòng)(此時(shí)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))。Weelectedhimourmonitor.Hewaselectedourmonitorbyus.我們選他當(dāng)我們的班長(zhǎng)。練習(xí)：變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Thepolicecaughtthethiefstealing.→Thethiefwascaughtstealing.Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.→Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.Hiswordsmademethrowup.→Iwasmadetothrowupbyhiswords.他的話(huà)令我作嘔。注意：make,let,see,watch，hear，notice等詞在主動(dòng)句中動(dòng)詞不帶to,但在被動(dòng)句中要帶toPartfour主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞feel，smell,sound，look,taste,prove等后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Theflowerssmellsweet.Thefoodtastesgood.Translate.﹡這首歌聽(tīng)起來(lái)真不錯(cuò)。﹡這件衣服摸起來(lái)真滑。﹡他的話(huà)證明是對(duì)的。Thesongsoundsgreat.Theclothesfeelssmooth.Whathesays

provesright.表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征或功能的動(dòng)詞，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等，常與well，easily，smoothly等副詞連用，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)通常是物。Thepenwritessmoothly.Theplayreadsmoreeasilythanacts.Translate.﹡這件大衣很容易干。﹡這支蠟燭燃燒得很快。﹡這扇門(mén)鎖得很緊。Thiscoatdrieseasily.Thiscandle

burnsfast.Thisdoor

lockstightly.在need,want,require,deserve等詞后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，也可用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Thematterneedslookinginto.→Thematterneeds________________.need/require/deserve/wantdoing=need/require/deserve/wanttobedonetobelookedintoopen，close，lock，move，keep等動(dòng)詞常與won’t，can’t，wouldn’t連用。Nomatterwhathedidtothedoor，itwouldn’topen.不論他怎么對(duì)付這個(gè)門(mén)，它就是打不開(kāi)。beworth后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。Hissuggestionisnotworthconsidering.→Hissuggestionisnot______________________.→Hissuggestionisnot________________________.beworthdoing=beworthytobedone=beworthyofbeingdoneworthytobeconsideredworthyofbeingconsidered不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的幾種形式①不定式tolet(出租)、toblame用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)Thehouseistolet.此屋出租。Nobodywastoblamefortheaccident.這次事故，不能責(zé)怪任何人。②在“too...to...”和enoughto結(jié)構(gòu)中Theboxwastooheavytolift.箱子太重，提不起來(lái)。Istheriverdeepenoughtoswimin這條河里的水深足夠游泳嗎？③在某些“be＋形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中Thequestionisverydifficulttoanswer.這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。Thewaterinthewellisn'tfittodrink.這口井里的水不適合飲用。[溫馨提示]這類(lèi)形容詞主要有hard、easy、funny、fit、important、impossible、strange、difficult等。不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的幾種形式④在havesthtodo結(jié)構(gòu)中Obviouslyyouhavenothingtodotonight.很明顯你今晚沒(méi)什么事做。(todo是由you發(fā)出的)[溫馨提示]在havesthtodo結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式既與前面的sth構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。⑤在withsthtodo結(jié)構(gòu)中Withalotofworktodo,Tomcan'tgoouttoplay.有許多工作要做，湯姆不能出去玩了。不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的幾種形式Partfive無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1.某些及物動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have有；cost花費(fèi)；lack缺少；suit適合；belongto屬于；sufferfrom遭受；datefrom/backto追溯到；consistof由…組成；takepartin參加。IboughtabookfromXinhuabookshop，whichcost15yuan.我從新華書(shū)店買(mǎi)了一本書(shū)，花了15元。Lionsandtigersbelongtothecatfamily.獅子和老虎屬于貓科。2.不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：happen/takeplace/occur發(fā)生；remain剩下；breakout爆發(fā)；last持續(xù)；comeout出版；comeup被提出；loseheart失去信心；runout用完。Anaccidenthappenedontheroadlastnightandfivepeoplewerekilled.昨晚這條路上發(fā)生了一起意外事故，五個(gè)人遇難。Abigfirebrokeoutinthearealastweek.上周那個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)大火。Thislistoffactorsneeds____________________(adapt)dependingonthedecisionyou’remaking.Ifathingisworthyof___________(do),itisworth

_______(do)well.Thisbook________(read)moreeas