學(xué)位英語閱讀理解技巧

第一課

找尋主旨題的答案

在閱讀理解的題目中主旨題主要考查讀者對文章的主題思想、寫作意圖等的把

握。其常見的提問形式如下：

*Whatisthemain/generalideaofthepassage?

（文章的主要思想是什么？）

*Themainthemeofthepassageis___?

（文章的主題是?）

*Thepassageismainlyabout?

文章主要關(guān)于?

*Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

下面哪個可以作為文章的標題？

*Whatistheauthor'smainpoint?

作者主要想表達什么？

主旨題的答案通常可以在下面這些地方找到：

文章開頭處

例文：

Whatwillmanbelikeinthefuture-in5,000oreven50,000yearsfromnow?

Wecanonlymakeguesses,ofcourse,butwecanbesurethathewi11bedifferentfrom

whatheistoday,formanisslowlychangingallthetime.

問題：

Thepassagemainlytellsusthat.

A.man,slifewillbedifferentinthefuture

B.manisgrowingtalleranduglierastimepasses

C.futuremanwilllookquitedifferentfromus

D.humanbeings'organswillfunctionweaker

解題：問題是要我們答出文章主要是講述什么的。我們只要看看這句的第一段

就口J以得出答案了。第一段的第2句說道.wecanbesurethathewillbe

differentfromwhatheistoday...n,從這句話中,我們知道答案應(yīng)為C。

文章結(jié)尾處

例文：

Apartfromlookingafterpeopleduringthedayatwork,womenoftenhavetotake

careoffamilyathometoo,whichmaymeantheyhavelessenergytocompleteintherace

forprofessionaldevelopment.Tnalmosteveryfield,toppositionsaremorelikelyto

befilledbymen.Whilemostteachersarewomen,forexample,mostheadmastersarenot.

Schoolcooksarewomen,headcooksaremenandevencleanerstendtobewatchedover

anddirectedbymalecaretakers.

問題：

Thewritermainlytellsusthat.

A.womenarekeptbusyalldaylong

B.womenusuallylearnthingsfasterthanmen

C.somewomenteacherscookbetterthantheirhusbands

D.somewomenhavetodocleaningatnight

解題：問題要求我們答出作者在文中主要說了些什么？從文章的最后一段，我們得知婦女們不管

在單位還是在家里都是非常忙碌，所以，選擇A。

文章開頭+文章結(jié)尾

例文：

In1826,aFrenchmannamedNiepceneededpicturesforhisbusiness.Buthewas

notagoodartist.Soheinventedaverysimplecamera.Heputitinawindowofhis

houseandtookapictureofhisgarden.Thatwasthefirstphoto.

Photographyalsobecameonekindofartbytheendofthe19thcentury.Somephotos

werenorjustcopiesoftherealworld.Theyshowedideasandfeelings,likeotherkinds

ofart.

問題：Thispassagetellsus.

A.howphotographywasdeveloped

B.howtoshowyourideasandfeelingsinpictures

C.howtotakepicturesintheworld

D.howtousedifferentcameras

解題：問題是要我們答出文章主要是講述什么的。第一段中說大一個法國人需

要拍一張照片，我們得知這篇文章應(yīng)該和拍照片有關(guān)。在看文章的最后一段的第

一句說到Photographyalsobecameonekindofartbytheendofthe19th

centwy”（在19世紀末期拍照也成了一門藝術(shù)），這樣我們得知答案應(yīng)該為A：

照片是如何發(fā)展起來的。

在文章中間部分

例文：

Tsittruethatchildrenlearnaforeignlanguagemoreefficientlythanadults?

Onthecontrary,researchstudiessuggestthattheoppositemaybetrue.Onereport,

on2,200DanishchildrenstudyingSwedish,concludedthattheteenagerslearnedmore,

inlesstime,thantheyoungerchiIdren.Anotherreport,onAmericanslearningRussian,

showedadirectimprovementofabilityovertheagerangetested,thatis,theability

tolearnincreasedastheageincreased,fromchildhoodtoadulthood.

問題：

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?.

A.Teenagersaremoredifficulttoteachthanadults

B.DanishteenagerscanlearnSwedishfasterthanyoungerchildrencan

C.Adultsaremorelogicalthanchildrenare

D.Theabilitytolearnlanguagesincreaseswithage

解題：問題讓我們答出ABCD四個句子哪一個能夠最好的表達了文章的主要思

想。這個題目的答案出現(xiàn)在文章的中間部分。在上面的段落中，第一句提出了一

個問題“孩子是否比成年人更擅長學(xué)習(xí)外語呢”，作者接著話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，說道“On

thecontrary,researchstudiessuggestthattheoppositemaybetrue."（研究表明事

實卻與此相反）。下面還列舉了丹麥的例r,故我們得出答案為九

竅門：這類題目，我們可以閱讀每個段落的第一句話和最后一句話，這是因為段落的第一句

話和最后一句話總是有承上啟下的作用。有時候這樣讀完后還是難以找到答案，此時我們可

以再讀一讀每段的第2句話，以此類推。下面舉個實例：

例1

Whatwillmanbelikeinthefuture—in5,000oreven50,000yearsfromnow?Wecanonly

makeguesses,ofcourse,butwecanbesurethathewillbedifferentfromwhatheistoday,for

manisslowlychangingallthetime.

Letustakeanobviousexample.Man,evenfivehundredyearsago,wasshorterthanheis

today.Now,onaverage,menareaboutthreeinchestaller.Fivehundredyearsisarelativelyshort

periodoftime,sowemayassumethatmanwillcontinuetogrowtaller.Againinthemodern

worldweuseourbrainsagreatdeal.Evenso,westillmakeuseofonlyabout20%ofthebrain's

capacity（容量）.Astimegoeson,however,weshallhavetouseourbrainsmoreandmore,and

finallyweshallneedlargerones!Thisislikelytobringaboutaphysicalchangetoo:thehead,in

particulartheforehead,willgrowlarger.

Nowadaysoureyesareinconstantuse.Infact,weusethemsomuchthatveryoftenthey

becomeweakerandwehavetowearglasses.Butoveraverylongperiodoftimeitislikelythat

man'seyeswillgrowstronger.

Ontheotherhand,wetendtomakelessuseofourarmsandlegs.These,asaresult,are

likelytogrowweaker.Atthesametime,however,ourfingerswillgrowmoresensitivebecause

theyareusedagreatdealinmodernlife.

Butwhatabouthair?Itwillprobablydisappearfromthebodyaltogetherincourseoftime

becauseitdoesnotserveausefulpurposeanylonger.Inthefuture,then,bothsexesarelikelyto

bebald.

Perhapsallthisgivestheimpressionthatfuturemanwillnotbeaveryattractivecreatureto

lookat!Thismaywellbetrue.Allthesame,inspiteofallthesechanges,futuremanwillstill

havealotincommonwithus.Hewillstillbeahumanbeing,withthoughtsandemotionssimilar

toourown.

問題是：Thepassagemainlytellsusthat.

A.man'slifewillbedifferentinthefuture

B.manisgrowingshorter

C.futuremanwilllookquitedifferentfromusnow

D.humanbeings,organswillnotfunctionproperly

[解析]c

題目問“本文主要告訴我們?！边@個明顯是個中心思想題，我們就按照上面提到的方

法來讀一讀每個段落的第一句和最后一句。第一段的第一句大意是“在5000年甚至是50000

年以后，人會是什么樣子呢？”第一段的最后一句大意是“當(dāng)然，我們只能猜測一番。但是

我們可以肯定的是人類將會和今天不同，因為人類也在不斷的慢慢改變?！钡?段的第一句

話大意是“讓我們來看一個明顯的例子吧?！钡?段的最后一句話大意是“這有可能會帶來

我們身體上的變化：頭部，特別是額頭將會變大。”第三段的第?句話大意是“如今，我們

的眼睛使用得比較頻繁?！钡谌巫詈笠痪浯笠馐恰暗呛苓h的將來，人類的眼睛很可能會

變得更強壯」讀到這里，其實我們已經(jīng)可以看出本文主要講述的就是未來的人類身體上可

能會發(fā)生改變，從而可知答案是C（未來的人類和現(xiàn)在的人類長得不同）。

例2

Sevenweeksafterthepowerful8.0earthquakeclaimedmorethan70,000livesinChina,

GailMcGovern,thenewpresidentandCEOoftheAmericanRedCrossisinChinaseeingthe

needsofthesurvivors.

“Thepurposeofthistripistobuildbridgesandtohaveanopeningforadialoguewiththe

peopleofChina,“McGovernsaid."JusttotellthemhowimportantChinaistoourcountryand

howmuchwewanttohelpthepeopleofChina.^^

McGovernandDavidMeltzer,seniorvicepresidentofInternationalServicesforthe

AmericanRedCross,alongseveralotherhumanitarianorganizationsandleadersofcorporations-

suchasProcterandGamble,Honeywell,Cisco,ChevronandJohnson&Johnson-traveledto

ChinaattheinvitationoftheU.S.Government'sAgencyforInternationalDevelopment（USAID）

OnMondayincityofYingxiu,theytalkedtostudentsandteacherswhosurvivedthe

collapseoftheirschoolsduringthequake.

“Byfarthemostheartbreaking,emotionalsightthatIsawwasattheprimaryschoolwhere

oneyounggirldescribedtheterrorandwhathappened/5McGovernsaid."Shedescribedlosing

herbrotherandlosingherfriendandthesounds;thatwasreallythemomentthatithitme:This

isn9tjustlookingatconstruction,it'slookingatbrokenlives.^^

TheAmericanRedCrosshascommitted$20milliontohelptheearthquakesurvivors

recoverandsenttworeliefexpertstotheaffectedarea.Laterthisweek,anotherreliefworkerwill

beheadingtoChinatoworkwiththeRedCrossSocietyinChinatosupportlonger-termrecovery

effortsandhelpdetermineadditionalneeds.

Althoughtherecoveryisfadingfromtheheadlines,greatneedsstillremain.Eventhough

McGovernhasonlybeeninhernewpositiontwoweeks,shesaysmeetingthesesurvivorshas

reaffirmedhercommitmenttotheorganization.（鄉(xiāng)與302字）

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.theearthquakeinChina

B.thenewpresidentandCEOoftheAmericanRedCross

C.thevisitoftheleaderoftheAmericanRedCrosstotheearthquake-affectedareainChina

D.survivorsintheearthquakewhichhitChina

[1]C.本題問“本文主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于什么的？”這是中心思想題，?般來說我們可以通過閱

讀每段的第一句和最后一句來得到答案。讀了之后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)文章多個段落講述的都是一

個美國紅十字會的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)到中國地震災(zāi)區(qū)的事情，所以答案是C°A的意思是“中國的地震”,

B的意思是“美國紅十字會的新任總裁和首席執(zhí)行官”，D的意思是“中國地震的幸存者”。

Passage1閱讀下面的文章并找出答案:

Soldiersandothermilitarypeoplewearuniformswithvariousothersymbolsto

indicatetheirstatus.Butinthebusinessworldeveryonewearsmoreorlesssimilar

suits,andyoucannottellataglancewhorankshigherorlowerthananother.Sohow

dopeopleinthebusinessworldshowtheirsuperiority?

Anattempttostudythiswasmadebytworesearchersusingaseriesofsilentfilms.

Theyhadtwoactorsplaythepartsofanexecutive（經(jīng)理）andavisitor,andswitchroles

eachtime.Thescenehadonemanathisdeskplayingthepartofanexecutive,while

theother,playingthepartofavisitor,knocksatthedoor,opensitandapproaches

thedesktodiscusssomebusinessmatter.

Theaudiencewatchingthefilmswasaskedtoratetheexecutiveandthevisitor

intermsofstatus.Acertainsetofrulesaboutstatusbegantoemergefromtheratings.

Thevisitorshowedtheleastamountofstatuswhenhestoppedjustinsidethedoorto

talkacrosstheroomtotheseatedman.Hewasconsideredtohavemorestatuswhenhe

walkedhalfwayuptothedesk,andhehadthemoststatuswhenhewalkeddirectlyup

tothedeskandstoodrightinfrontoftheseatedexecutive.

Anotherthingthataffectedthestatusofthevisitorintheeyesoftheobservers

wasthetimebetweenknockingandentering.Fortheseatedexecutive,hisstatuswas

alsoaffectedbythetimebetweenhearingtheknockandanswering.Thequickerthevisitor

enteredtheroom,thehigherstatushehad.Thelongertheexecutivetooktoanswer,

thehigherstatushehad.

問題：

Whichofthestatementscanbestsumupthepassage?

A.Theexecutivehasahigherstatusthanthevisitor.

B.Mlitarypeoplewearuniformsbutthebusinessmendonot.

*C.Astudyrevealingasetofrulesaboutthestatusofbusinessmen.

C

D.Itisagoodmethodtouseaseriesofsilentfilminresearch.

參考答案：C

正確反饋:答案應(yīng)為：Astudyrevealingasetofrulesaboutthestatusofbusinessmen.題目讓我們

找出卜面哪一個句子可以最好的總結(jié)出文章的大意，sumup意思為“總結(jié)”。文章的開頭一段就可以

找大答案。文章的第一段說道，商業(yè)領(lǐng)域的人們都穿著大同小異的西服，所以很難從衣著來判斷他們

的地位高低。第一段的最后一句有提出了一個問題：Sohowdopeopleinthebusinessworldshow

theirsuperiority?（商業(yè)領(lǐng)域的人士是如何表達自己地位高低的呢？）

Passage2閱讀下面的文章并找出答案：

Theclimateofanyplaceisthekindofweather.Itusuallyhasoveralongperiod

oftime.Thekindofhomeswelivein,theclotheswewear,eventhefoodsweeat

dependontheclimateoftheplacewherewelive.Climateiscomplicated;itis

affectedbymanythings.Ifyoulivenearoneofthepoles,youliveinacoldclimate,

fbryoudonotgetasmuchdirectsunshineasyouwouldgetfartherfromthepoles.If

youliveneartheequator,youliveinawarmorveryhotclimate,forthisistheregion

wherethesunshinesalmoststraightdown.

Howmuchrainorsnowfallsmakesagreatdifferencetotheclimate.Youmay

liveinahot,dryland,wherelittlerainfalls.Thiswillbeadesert.Itsclimateisquite

differentfromthatofarainforest,whichmaybethesamedistancefromtheequator

butrainfallsalmosteveryday.Theamountofrainthatfallsorsnowinacoldland

dependsuponthewinds,uponthenearbymountains,anduponthecurrentsinnearby

seas.Rainfalldependsonmanydifferentthings.

問題：

Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.QimateandWeather

「B.QimateAroundtheWorld

°C.Qimate

C

D.Qimateindifferentcountries

答案應(yīng)為：climateo題目讓我為文章找出一個最好的標題。這其實也是主旨題。課文的第一段反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了

climate這個詞，我們心里應(yīng)該明白課文肯定與climate有莫大聯(lián)系，在者整文并無出現(xiàn)國家，所以不應(yīng)該

是“Climateindifferentcountries,而也談不上是ClimateAroundtheWorld（世界氣候），因為文章并沒

有具體說明世界各地的氣候是如何的。

Passage3閱讀下面的文章并找出答案：

Thefirstautomobilewasinventedmorethantwohundredyearsago.Itused

steamforpowerandhadwoodenwheels.Thefirstautomobilemayhavebeen

simpleandprimitive,butitwasanextremelyimportantinvention.The

automobiletodayistheprimarymeansoflandtransportation.Ithas

producedmorechangesinourdailylifethananyothermachine.

Almostallgasolineenginesworkinthesameway-withfourmovements,

orstrokes,ofapistoninacylinder.Thefirststrokepullsthefuel

mixture(gasolineandair)intothecylinder.Thesecondstrokecompresses

thefuelmixture.Asparkplugproducesasparkthatignitesthefuel

mixtureandcausesthethirdstroke.Thefinalstrokeremovesanywaste

gaseswhichmightremaininthecylinder.

Theprecedingparagraphexplainswhathappensinsidethecylinder

tomakethepistonmove.Whenthepistonispusheddownbytheexplosion

inthethirdstroke,itpushestheconnectingrod.Thisrodrotatesthe

crankshaft.Thecrankshaftisconnectedtootherpartswhichturnthe

wheels.Mostcarstodayhavefour,six,oreightcylinders.

問題：

Agoodtitleforthisselectionis_____.

A.Automobiles

*B.HowaCarWorks

C

C.TheRrstCar

D.CarsandRoads

參考答案：B

正確反饋：答案應(yīng)為：HowaCarWorks（汽車的工作原理）。題目讓我為這篇文章選一個最好的標

題。答案可以在文章最后兩段找到。最后兩段主要講述了汽車的工作方式。第一段只提到了汽車給人

們帶來的影響，不過這并非是文章的主要內(nèi)容。

第2課細節(jié)題

細節(jié)題考查學(xué)生對文章細節(jié)的把握，比如針對事情的發(fā)生時間、地點、原因等進行提問。對

于細節(jié)題，我們可以采用中心詞定位法來解決。具體做法如下：首先我們閱讀問題，在問題

中找出題干，這個題干可能是個或多個單詞，這些單詞即為這個題目的中心詞。找到中心

詞后，我們再在原文中定位這些中心詞，一般來說問題的答案就出現(xiàn)在中心詞所出現(xiàn)的句子

中。不過要提醒大家的是，有的時候原文中找不到我們認定的中心詞，這是因為原文用了一

些同義詞來替代這些中心詞，這種情況就要求我們特別留意了。

例1

BarbaraJordan,oneofthemostrespectedlawyersandpoliticiansintheUnitedStates,was

thefirstblackwomanfromtheSouthtobeelectedtoCongress.

ShewasborninHouston,Texas,onFebruary21,1936.Rightfromthestart,shesethigh

standardsforherselfinschool.

Inhighschool,MissJordandecidedtobecomealawyer.AtTexasSouthernUniversityshe

studiedpoliticalscienceandhistoryandgraduatedin1956atthetopofherclass.By1959shehad

earnedalawdegreefromBostonUniversity.

MissJordanbeganpracticinglawatherparents'diningroomtable.Threeyearslatershe

openedherownoffice.

TherestlessMissJordanfirstbrokeintopoliticsin1966,becomingthefirstblackwoman

electedtotheTexassenate.Afteranimpressiverecordasastatesenator,sheenteredthenational

scene.

In1972shewonaseatintheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives.Duringhertimeinofficeshe

wasdevotedtohelpingminorities,thepoor,andtheelderly."Myapproachistorespectthe

humanityofeverybody,sheoncesaid.That'sjustthewayBarbaraJordanwas.

問題是：WhatdidshestudyatBostonUniversity?

A.HistoryandscienceB.Law

C.PoliticalscienceD.Politicsandhistory

［解析］題目問道：“她在波士頓大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)什么？”這個明顯是細節(jié)題，中心詞是Boston

Universityo我們在原文中定位這兩個中心詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們出現(xiàn)在第三段的最后一句，該句大

意是“到了1959年，她已經(jīng)在波士頓大學(xué)獲得了一個法律學(xué)位J據(jù)此可知答案選擇B。

例2

Sevenweeksafterthepowerful8.0earthquakeclaimedmorethan70,000livesinChina,

GailMcGovern,thenewpresidentandCEOoftheAmericanRedCrossisinChinaseeingthe

needsofthesurvivors.

“Thepurposeofthistripistobuildbridgesandtohaveanopeningforadialoguewiththe

peopleofChina,“McGovernsaid."JusttotellthemhowimportantChinaistoourcountryand

howmuchwewanttohelpthepeopleofChina.”

McGovernandDavidMeltzer,seniorvicepresidentofInternationalServicesforthe

AmericanRedCross,alongseveralotherhumanitarianorganizationsandleadersofcorporations-

suchasProcterandGamble,Honeywell,Cisco,ChevronandJohnson&Johnson—traveledto

ChinaattheinvitationoftheU.S.Government'sAgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID)

OnMondayincityofYingxiu,theytalkedtostudentsandteacherswhosurvivedthe

collapseoftheirschoolsduringthequake.

“Byfarthemostheartbreaking,emotionalsightthatIsawwasattheprimaryschoolwhere

oneyounggirldescribedtheterrorandwhathappened,MMcGovernsaid."Shedescribedlosing

herbrotherandlosingherfriendandthesounds;thatwasreallythemomentthatithitme:This

isn'tjustlookingatconstruction,it'slookingatbrokenlives.”

TheAmericanRedCrosshascommitted$20milliontohelptheearthquakesurvivors

recoverandsenttworeliefexpertstotheaffectedarea.Laterthisweek,anotherreliefworkerwill

beheadingtoChinatoworkwiththeRedCrossSocietyinChinatosupportlonger-termrecovery

effortsandhelpdetermineadditionalneeds.

Althoughtherecoveryisfadingfromtheheadlines,greatneedsstillremain.Eventhough

McGovernhasonlybeeninhernewpositiontwoweeks,shesaysmeetingthesesurvivorshas

reaffirmedhercommitmenttotheorganization.（共302字）

2.WhatisthepurposeofMcGovern'svisittoChina?

A.toshowthatshewasthenewleaderoftheAmericanRedCross

B.tobuildsomebridgesfortheearthquake-strickenareainChina

C.todobusinesswithChina

D.toprovidesomehelptothesurvivorsintheearthquake

⑵D.本題問“McGovern的中國之行有什么目的？”這是個細節(jié)題，可以采用中心詞定位的

方法。中心詞是“purpose”，答案在第二段。該段大意是“McGovern說道，'這趟中國

行的目的就是構(gòu)筑交流的橋梁，就是開啟和中國人民的對話之窗。''要告訴中國人民中

國對于我們國家是多么的重要，我們是多么的想幫助中國人民'?！睆拇颂幙梢钥闯鏊?/p>

中國行主要是來幫助災(zāi)區(qū)人民，所以D是答案。A的意思是“為了表明自己是美國紅十

字會的新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)"B的意思是“為了給中國災(zāi)區(qū)修兒座橋”（此處明顯是混淆大家視線的，

因為原文中有buildbridges的字樣），C的大意是“為了和中國做生意”。

3.WhichofthefollowingdidnotcometoChinawithMcGovern?

A.peoplefromsomehumanitarianorganizations

B.leadersofsomeAmericancompanies

C.DavidMeltzer

D.Johnson

[3]D.本題問“下面哪些人沒有和McGovern一起來中國？”這是細節(jié)題，可以先瀏覽選項然

后直接在原文中找答案。答案在第三段，第三段中提到來中國的有DavidMeltzer,他是

美國紅十字會下屬機構(gòu)的一個領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人；還有人道主義機構(gòu)的人員（humanitarian

organizations）；還包括有?些大公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人（leadersofcorporations）o也就是說A、

B、C都來中國了，所以D是答案。這里請注意，原文中的Johnson-Johnson（美國強生公

司）是一個公司的名稱并非是指某個人。

4.WhatimpressedMcGovernmostduringhervisit?

A.studentsandteachers

B.whataprimaryschoolgirltoldher

C.thecollapseofbuildings

D.thesoundsoftheearthquake

[4]B.本題問“中國之行中什么讓McGovern印象最深？”這是細節(jié)題，但是題干中的中心詞

“impressed”似乎并沒有在原文中出現(xiàn)，原文用了別的詞來代替它。這也就是學(xué)位英語

的難度所在了。答案在第五段，該段大意是“'最讓我心碎，動情的地方就是我在一所小

學(xué)的所見。有個小姑娘向我講述了發(fā)生在那里的事情和她的恐懼，'McGovem說道，‘她

告訴我她失去了弟弟和伙伴，向我描述了可怕的聲音，這一切真讓我震驚：我們看到的不

僅有災(zāi)后的建設(shè)，而且有受傷的心靈。'”從這里可以看出，答案是B（?個小學(xué)女生告

訴她的話語）。

第3課推斷題

推斷題考查學(xué)生的邏輯推理問題。這類問題的答案不會直接H；現(xiàn)在文章中，而是文章的字里

行間里所暗示的意思。常見的提問形式如下：

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutNOTstated?

下面哪一句話是文章暗示的，而不是直接表達出來的意思？

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat__.

可以從文章中推測出.

3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat__.

可以從文章中得出—.

解答推斷題時切不可把原文中已明確陳述的事實作為答案。我們可以先瀏覽問題的四個選

項，這樣有助于我們縮小解題的范圍，然后再對每個選項進行判斷即可找到答案。

例1:

AlbertEinsteinhadagreateffectonscienceandhistory,greaterthanonlyafewothermen

haveachieved.AnAmericanuniversitypresidentoncecommentedthatEinsteinhadcreatedanew

outlook,anewviewoftheuniverse.Itmaybesometimebeforetheaveragemindunderstands

fullytheidentifyoftimeandspaceandsoon——butevenordinarymenunderstandnowthatthe

universeissomethinglargerthaneventhoughtbefore.

By1914theyoungEinsteinhadgainedworldfame.Heacceptedtheoffertobecomea

professoratthePrussianAcademyofScienceinBerlin.Hehadfewduties,littleteachingand

unlimitedopportunitiesforstudy,butsoonhispeaceandquietnesswerebrokenbytheFirstWorld

War.

Einsteinhatedviolence.Themisery（悲慘）ofwaraffectedhimdeeply,andhesatunhappily

inhisofficedoinglittle.Helostinterestinhisresearch.Onlywhenpeacecamein1918washe

abletogetbacktowork.

IntheyearsfollowingWorldWarOnehonorswereincreasinglyheapedonhim.Hebecame

theheadoftheKaiserWhithemInstituteofTheoreticalPhysics.In1921hewontheNobelPrize,

andhewashonoredinGermanyuntiltheriseofNazismwhenhewasdrivenfromGermany

becausehewasaJew.

問題：Itmaybeconcludedthat.

A.AlbertEinsteinwasforcedtoserveintheGermanarmy

B.AlbertEinsteinhadnootherinterestsbesidesscience

C.Germansusuallyhaveahighrespectforscience

D.HisreputationwasruinedbecauseofhisworkduringWorldWarI

［解析］c

此題問“可以從文章得出_____。”這屬于推斷題，我們先要瀏覽選項。A的意思是“愛因斯

坦被迫在德軍服役?！痹牟]有提到和服兵役有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，所以A錯。B的大意是“愛因

斯坦只對科學(xué)感興趣?！痹牟]有強調(diào)愛因斯坦沒有別的興趣，所以我們推斷不出B?C

的大意是“德國人通常很崇尚科學(xué)?！痹淖詈笠欢沃姓f到，第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后愛因斯坦在

德國獲得了很多榮譽，直到法西斯上臺后他才因為自己是猶太裔而被趕出德國。從這里可以

看出普通德國人確實很崇尚科學(xué)。D的大意是“愛因斯坦在第一戰(zhàn)期間的工作使他的名譽受

到損害?！边@與原文最后一段的意思不符，所以D是錯誤的。

例2

Hawaiiisdroppingtheonlystateuniversalchildhealthcareprograminthecountryjust

sevenmonthsafteritlaunched.

Gov.LindaLingle'sadministrationcitedbudgetshortfallsandotheravailablehealthcare

optionsforeliminatingfundingfortheprogram.Astateofficialsaidfamiliesweredropping

privatecoveragesotheirchildrenwouldbeeligibleforthesubsidized（資助）plan.

''Peoplewhowerealreadyabletoaffordhealthcarebegantostoppayingforitsothey

couldgetitforfree/saidDr.KennyFink,theadministratorforMed-QUESTattheDepartment

ofHumanServices."Idon'tbelievethatwastheintentoftheprogram.n

StateofficialssaidThursdaytheywillstopgivinghealthcoveragetothe2,000children

enrolledbyNov.1,butprivatepartnerHawaiiMedicalServiceAssociationwillpaytoextend

theircoveragethroughtheendoftheyearwithoutgovernmentsupport.

"We'reverydisappointedinthestate'sdecision,anditcameasacompletesurprisetous,”

saidJenniferDiesman,aspokeswomanforHMSA,thestate'slargesthealthcareprovider.nWe

believetheprogramisworking,andgivenHawaii'seconomicuncertainty,wedon'tthinknowis

thetimetocutallfundingforthiskindofprogram.',

Hawaiilawmakersapprovedthehealthplanin2007asawaytoensureeverychildcanget

basicmedicalhelp.TheKeiki（child）Careprogramaimedtocovereverychildfrombirthto18

yearsoldwhodidn'talreadyhavehealthinsurance—mostlyimmigrantsandmembersof

lower-incomefamilies.（共249字）

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.AllthechildreninHawaiihavehealthinsurance.

B.Somefamiliesarecheatingthegovernmenttogethelpfromthechildhealthcareprogram.

C.TheHawaiigovernmenthastostoptheprogrambecausesomefamiliesarecheatinginthe

program.

D.HawaiiMedicalServiceAssociationisthelargesthealthcareproviderintheUnitedStates.

[5]B.本題問“從文章可以推測出什么？”這是推斷題，解題的第一步是先看看選項。A的

意思是“夏威夷的所有孩子都有醫(yī)療保險。"B的意思是“有些家庭通過欺騙政府來獲

得兒童醫(yī)療保障項目的資助。"C的意思是“夏威夷政府因為很多家庭在項目中作弊額

而不得不停止該項目?！盌的意思是“夏威夷醫(yī)療服務(wù)委員會是美國最大的醫(yī)療救助提

供機構(gòu)。”從最后一段，我們可以知道并非所有的夏威夷兒童都有醫(yī)療保險，所以A是

錯誤的。從第三段我們可以看出有些家庭本來付得起醫(yī)療費，但是他們?yōu)榱说玫巾椖康?/p>

資助卻不想自己來支付，所以這也是一種欺騙行為，B是可以推測出來的。而C是不對

的，因為夏威夷政府停止這個項目的原因并不僅僅因為有些家庭作弊，還有其他的一些

原因，比如財政預(yù)算不足等等。而倒數(shù)第二段中說夏威夷醫(yī)療服務(wù)委員會是夏威夷最大

的醫(yī)療救助提供機構(gòu)，并非是整個美國最大的，所以D也是錯誤的。

第4課

詞匯題：考查的是文章中出現(xiàn)的某些生詞的含義。提問方式:

*Thewordinline5refersto___.

第五行的”詞語指的是—.

*By“***,theauthormeans___.

作者用“**”指的是—.

解答方案：

詞匯題考查文章中出現(xiàn)的某些單詞或者短語的意思。常見的提問形式如下：

1.Theword"inline5refersto.

第五行的“……”指的是O

2.Bytheauthormeans.

作者用“……”指的是。

3.Theunderlinedword"…"inparagraphtwomeans.

第二段的下劃線單詞”……”的意思是。

對于詞匯題，我們的解題思路和細節(jié)題相似,那就是我們要在原文中找到該詞匯出現(xiàn)的句子，

通常這個句子會提供一些信息讓我們了解或者猜測這個詞匯的意思。如果該句沒有這種信

息，我們可以讀一讀其前后句。所以，我們通過閱讀這個句子再對照題目的四個選項i般都

可以選擇出正確答案。那么我們要如何才能在原句中找到有助于我們猜測單詞意思的信息

呢？我們可以從下面幾個方面來考察：

1.利用文章中對該詞語的釋義來猜測。句子可能會對該詞作解釋或者暗示，比如有一個同

義詞或者同位語或者定語從句來解釋這個生詞。

例：Iwantedtobuy10roses,butthefloristhandedme10Chinaroses.

［解析］本句大意是“我想買10支玫瑰，可是這個florist卻遞給我10支月季?！睆倪@話中，

我們可知說話人在買花，而那個給他月季的florist相必就是“花商（花店店主”

2.利用文章中對該詞語的舉例來猜測。

例：Wehavejustmovedintoanewapartment,soweneedtobuyalotofappliances,suchasaTV

setandawashingmachine.

［解析］本句大意是“我們剛搬入一個新的公寓，所以我們需要購買很多appliances,比如一

個電視機和一個洗衣機。”根據(jù)后面的“電視機”和“洗衣機”，我們可以知道appliances的

意思應(yīng)該是“家用電器”。

3.根據(jù)對比關(guān)系來猜測詞語的意思。

例：Inoldtimes,fewnoblepersonseverspoketothoseofhumbleorigins.

［解析］本句大意是“在舊時代，沒有多少貴族愿意和那些出身humble的人講話。”從前面的

“貴族”，我們可以知道后面的“