神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)-周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)（人體解剖生理學(xué)）

C1-4前支淺皮支：

—胸鎖乳突肌后緣中點(diǎn)二、頸叢

(一)頸叢的組成和位置：(二)頸叢的分支：1.枕小神經(jīng)(C2)2.耳大神經(jīng)(C2－C3)3.頸橫神經(jīng)(C2－C3)

（頸皮神經(jīng)）4.鎖骨上神經(jīng)(C3－C4)耳大神經(jīng)枕小神經(jīng)頸橫神經(jīng)鎖骨上神經(jīng)5.膈神經(jīng)

(C3－C5)：肌支：支配頸部深層肌、肩胛提肌、舌骨下肌群頸襻(舌下神經(jīng)襻)耳大神經(jīng)頸橫神經(jīng)枕小神經(jīng)鎖骨上神經(jīng)膈神經(jīng)C1的前支C2的前支C3的前支C4的前支膈神經(jīng)橈神經(jīng)腋神經(jīng)正中神經(jīng)尺神經(jīng)臂內(nèi)側(cè)皮神經(jīng)前臂內(nèi)側(cè)皮神經(jīng)胸長神經(jīng)肋間臂神經(jīng)胸背神經(jīng)肩胛上神經(jīng)腋神經(jīng)橈神經(jīng)三邊孔正中神經(jīng)前臂外側(cè)皮神經(jīng)肌皮神經(jīng)橈神經(jīng)尺神經(jīng)正中神經(jīng)正中神經(jīng)尺神經(jīng)橈神經(jīng)手皮膚的神經(jīng)分布正中神經(jīng)損傷橈神經(jīng)損傷

垂腕癥尺神經(jīng)損傷

爪形手正中神經(jīng)余尺神經(jīng)損傷

猿掌髂腹下神經(jīng)髂腹股溝神經(jīng)股外側(cè)皮神經(jīng)股神經(jīng)閉孔神經(jīng)生殖股神經(jīng)肋下神經(jīng)臀上神經(jīng)臀中肌臀下神經(jīng)臀大肌股后皮神經(jīng)臀小肌坐骨神經(jīng)陰部神經(jīng)5.坐骨神經(jīng)(L4,L5,S1-3)(1)脛神經(jīng)(L4,L5,S1-3)

足底內(nèi)側(cè)神經(jīng)足底外側(cè)神經(jīng)足底內(nèi)側(cè)神經(jīng)足底外側(cè)神經(jīng)脛神經(jīng)坐骨神經(jīng)(2)腓總神經(jīng)(L4,L5,S1,S2)

腓淺神經(jīng)腓深神經(jīng)腓深神經(jīng)腓淺神經(jīng)脛神經(jīng)損傷“鉤狀足”“馬蹄”內(nèi)翻足腓總神經(jīng)損傷交感神經(jīng)概觀

①交感神經(jīng)

低級(jí)中樞：T1～L3

中間外側(cè)核②椎旁神經(jīng)節(jié)(交感干神經(jīng)節(jié))

頸部2-3個(gè)胸部10-12個(gè)腰部4-5個(gè)骶部2-3個(gè)尾部兩側(cè)合成1個(gè)奇節(jié)

1、交感神經(jīng)③椎前神經(jīng)節(jié)腹腔神經(jīng)節(jié)腸系膜上神經(jīng)節(jié)腸系膜下神經(jīng)節(jié)主動(dòng)脈腎神經(jīng)節(jié)頸上神經(jīng)節(jié)頸胸神經(jīng)節(jié)肺叢交感干胸神經(jīng)節(jié)腹腔神經(jīng)節(jié)腸系膜上神經(jīng)節(jié)腸系膜上神經(jīng)節(jié)腰神經(jīng)節(jié)腰內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)骶神經(jīng)節(jié)小腸胃心叢頸中神經(jīng)節(jié)2、副交感神經(jīng)骶部—骶髓2～4骶副交感核中樞動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)核上泌涎核下泌涎核迷走神經(jīng)背核顱部副交感神經(jīng)節(jié)睫狀神經(jīng)節(jié)翼腭神經(jīng)節(jié)下頜下神經(jīng)節(jié)耳神經(jīng)節(jié)器官旁節(jié)器官內(nèi)節(jié)區(qū)別點(diǎn)交感神經(jīng)副交感神經(jīng)低級(jí)中樞胸、腰部顱、骶部神經(jīng)節(jié)位置椎旁神經(jīng)節(jié)椎前神經(jīng)節(jié)器官旁節(jié)器官內(nèi)節(jié)分布范圍廣泛范圍小作用心臟心跳加快血壓上升心跳減緩血壓下降瞳孔散大縮小支氣管平滑肌松弛，口徑加大平滑肌收縮、口徑縮窄胃腸蠕