裕興新概念第一冊筆記121122

Lesson121Themaninahat戴帽子的男士NewWordsandexpressions生詞和短語customer n.顧客 forget(forgot,forgotten)v.忘記manager n.經(jīng)理 serve v.照應(yīng),服務(wù),接待countern.柜臺 recognize v.認(rèn)出customern.顧客（買東西的顧客）client銀行，律師等的客戶guest旅館的旅客passenger乘客aregularcustomer老顧客eg.Thecustomerisalwaysright.顧客至上。forgetv.1)忘記eg.Iforgethistelephonenumber.我忘了他的電話號碼。forgetdoing忘記曾做過eg.I’llneverforgetseeinghiminNewYork.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了在紐約見到他。forgettodo忘記做（todo表示將來的動作）eg.Don’tforgettocallme.別忘了打電話給我。Sheforgottomailtheletter.她忘了寄信2)忘記帶（買，做）eg.Iforgotmyumbrella.我忘了帶傘。Heforgothisumbrellaonthetrain,＝Helefthisumbrellaonthetrain.他將傘忘在火車上。managern.經(jīng)理asalesmanager銷售經(jīng)理managev.管理manageafirm經(jīng)營公司servev.照應(yīng)，服務(wù)，接待eg.Howcanweserveyou?(營業(yè)員對顧客用語)需要我們?yōu)槟惴?wù)嗎？servesbright(口語)給某人應(yīng)得的報(bào)應(yīng)（懲罰）eg.Servehimright.=Itserveshimright!他活該servicen.eg.Theserviceinthatrestaurantinpoor.那家餐館的服務(wù)很差。achargeforservice服務(wù)費(fèi)countern.1)柜臺atthejewelrycounter在珠寶柜臺（部）checkoutcounter付帳柜臺2)柜臺式長桌Lunchcounter午餐柜臺，便餐館，柜臺式長餐桌3)計(jì)算器recognizev.1)認(rèn)出eg.Doyourecognizehishandwriting?你能認(rèn)出他的筆跡嗎？2）承認(rèn)（事實(shí)），認(rèn)清，確認(rèn)eg.Weallrecognizedhertalentfordancing.我們都肯定她在舞蹈方面有才華。Hedidn’trecognizethathehadmadeabigmistake.他不承認(rèn)自己犯下了大錯。Grammar語法定語從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞和代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞是先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。eg.ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasPeter.回答問題的那個學(xué)生叫Peter.(句中的whoansweredthequestion是定語從句，修飾先行詞thestudent.從句中的who是關(guān)系代詞,由它引導(dǎo)定語從句，它一方面起連接先行詞和定語從句的作用，另一方面在從句中作主語。)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在從句中可作主語，賓語，定語等，關(guān)系副詞在從句中只用作狀語。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImether.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我見到她的那一天。（關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句緊跟隨其先行詞theday之后作狀語）一．用作關(guān)聯(lián)詞的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,that,which等。1).Who,whom,whose指人。Who是主格，在從句中用作主語（在非正式英語中亦可用賓語），whom是賓格，在從句中用作賓語，whose是屬格，在從句中用作定語（有時(shí)亦可指物）。eg.Themanwhowashereyesterdayisateacher.昨天在這里的那個人是位老師。（主格關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作作主語）ThemanwhomIsawiscalledMike./ThemanwhoIsawiscalledMike.我見到的那個人叫麥克。(在非正式英語中可用who取代whom)Iknowthemanwhomyoulike.我認(rèn)識你喜歡的那個人。（關(guān)系代詞whom在從句中用作賓語）Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.失去父母的孩子叫做孤兒。（屬格關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中用作定語，指人）I’dlikearoomwhosewindowisbig.我想要一個有大窗戶的房間。（屬格關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中用作定語，指theroom’s）2).that從句中既可用作主語，亦可用作賓語（在非正式文體中可省去）。that既可指人，亦可指物，但在當(dāng)代英語中多指物。eg.Aletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.用鉛筆寫的信很難讀。（關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語，指物）TheletterthatIheardfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.昨天他來的信很重要。（關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語，指物）Ishethemanthatsellseggs?他是賣雞蛋的那個人嗎？（關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語，指人）3）which在從句中既可用作主語，亦可用作賓語（非正式文體中可省去）一般指物。eg.Thisisthebookwhichisverydifficult.這就是那本很難的書。（關(guān)系代詞which在從句中用作主語）二．用作關(guān)聯(lián)詞的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。1.when在從句中用作時(shí)間狀語，其先行詞應(yīng)是表示時(shí)間的名詞或名詞短語。eg.HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.他昨晚來時(shí)我出去了。（關(guān)系副詞when的先行詞是lastnight）2.where在從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語，其先行詞應(yīng)是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞或名詞短語。eg.I’llneverforgettheplacewhereImet.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我們見面的地方。3.why在從句中用作原因狀語，其先行詞是reason等表示原因的詞。eg.Thatisnotreasonwhyyoushouldleave.那不是你必須離開的原因。（why的先行詞是reason）TEXT課文Listentothetapethenanswerthisquestion.聽錄音，然后回答問題。Question:Whydidn’tCarolinerecognizethecustomerstraightaway?為什么Caroline沒有馬上認(rèn)出那位顧客？CUSTOMER:Iboughttwoexpensivedictionariesherehalfanhourago,butIforgottotakethemwithme. 顧客：半小時(shí)以前我在這里買了兩本很貴的辭典，但我忘了拿走。MANAGER:Whoservedyou,sir? 經(jīng)理：是誰接待您的，先生？CUSTOMER:Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounter.顧客：站在柜臺后面的那位女士。MANAGER:Whichbooksdidyoubuy? 經(jīng)理：您買的是兩本什么書？CUSTOMER:Thebookswhichareonthecounter. 顧客：就是柜臺上的那兩本。MANAGER:Didyouservethisgentlemanhalfanhourago,Caroline?Hesayshe'sthemanwhoboughtthesebooks. 經(jīng)理：卡羅琳，半小時(shí)前你接待過這位先生嗎？他說他就是買這兩本書的人。CUSTOMER:Ican'tremember.ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.卡羅琳：我記不起來了。我接待的那個人戴著一頂帽子。MANAGER:Haveyougotahat,sir? 經(jīng)理：先生，您有帽子嗎？CUSTOMER:Yes,Ihave. 顧客：有的，我有帽子。MANAGER:Wouldyouputiton,please? 經(jīng)理：請您把帽子戴上好嗎？CUSTOMER:Allright. 顧客：好吧。MANAGER:Isthisthemanthatyouserved,Caroline? 經(jīng)理：卡羅琳，這就是你接待過的那個人嗎？CUSTOMER:Yes.Irecognizehimnow. 卡羅琳：是他。我現(xiàn)在認(rèn)出他來了。課文講解：A:Iboughttwoexpensivedictionariesherehalfanhourago,butIforgottotakethemwithme.半小時(shí)以前我在這里買了兩本很貴的辭典，但我忘了拿走。1.halfanhourago半小時(shí)之前（用在過去時(shí)當(dāng)中）bought是buy的過去式dictionary的復(fù)數(shù)形式為dictionarieshour是以元音音素開頭字母，前面的不定冠詞用“an”2.forgot是forget的過去式，時(shí)態(tài)上與前面bought保持一致。forgettodo表示忘記去做某事eg.Iforgottocallyouyesterday.昨天我忘記了要給你打電話。Don’tforgettobringyourbookherenexttime.下次別忘了把你的書帶來。forgetdoing“忘記做過某事”eg.Betty,doyouknowwheremykeyis?You’vegivenittome.Oh,Iforgotgivingittoyou.貝蒂，你知道我的鑰匙在哪嗎？你已經(jīng)把它給我了，噢，我忘記把鑰匙給你了．remembertodo記住去做….rememberdoing記得做過…eg.Remembertoturnoffallthelightsbeforeyouleave.在你離開之前，記住關(guān)掉所有的燈。remembertodo=don’tforgettodo…eg.Canyoutellmeyourtelephonenumber?請把你的電話號碼告訴我。Iremembertellingyou.我記得告訴過你了。3.butIforgottotakethemwithmethem指代thetwoexpensivedictionaries4.takesthwithsb把某物帶走eg.ItooksomemedicinewithmewhenIwenttothevillage.我去那個村莊的時(shí)候我隨身帶了一些藥。takesbsth(雙賓語)=takesthtosb把某物拿去給某人eg.I’lltakesomepresentstomyfriendsinBeijing./I’lltakemyfriendsinBeijingsomepresents.我將給我在北京的朋友們帶一些禮物。bringsthwithsb把某物帶來eg.Peter,ifyoudon’tbringyourbookwithyounexttime,I’llcallyourfather.Peter，如果你下次再不把書帶來，我就給你父親打電話。bringsbsth=bringsthtosb把某物帶給某人eg.Thankyouforbringmeyourpictures.謝謝你給我?guī)砟愕恼掌?。B:Whoservedyou,sir?是誰接待您的，先生？A:Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounter.站在柜臺后面的那位女士。served是serve的過去式，“服務(wù)”eg.I’llservethepeoplewithheartandsoul.我會全心全意為人民服務(wù)的。servicen.服務(wù)eg.Theserviceinthatstoreisgood.那家商店服務(wù)很好。Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounter.這是一個省略句，完整的句子應(yīng)該是“Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounterservedme.其中whoisstandingbehindthecounter是一個以關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾thelady.(who在這里不是疑問副詞，而是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句)Whoisknockingatthedoor?誰在敲門？（who是疑問副詞，引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句）Idon’tlikethatmanwhoisstandingbythegate.這不喜歡站在門口的那個男人。（who是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句）Whichbooksdidyoubuy?您買的是兩本什么書？Which指在一定范圍內(nèi)的哪個（些）which既可用來指人，又可用來指物who與what分別用來指人和物，沒有限定的范圍。試比較：Whichisyourdaughteramongthechildren?這群孩子中誰是你的女兒．Theoneinred.穿紅色衣服的那個。Whoisyourboss?Mr.Jacksonis.Whichisyourfavouritebook?Thisone.Whatisyourfavoritebook?ThegreatGatsby.A:Thebookswhichareonthecounter.就是柜臺上的那兩本。此句是帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句，這也是一個省略句，全句應(yīng)該是：Iboughtthebookswhichareonthecounter.B:Didyouservethisgentlemanhalfanhourago,Caroline?Hesayshe’sthemanwhoboughtthesebooks.卡羅琳，半小時(shí)前你接待過這位先生嗎？他說他就是買這兩本書的人。1.Hesays后面的賓語從句省略了從屬連詞that2.he’sthemanwhoboughtthesebooks作Hesays的賓語此句中包含了一個定語從句,whoboughtthesebooks作定語修飾先行詞theman,意為買這些書的人。A:Ican’tremember.ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.我記不起來了。我接待的那個人戴著一頂帽子。1.ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.“whoIserved”作定語修飾theman由于被修飾的名詞theman在定語從句中做動詞served的賓語，因此關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用賓格whom,但在口語中往往用主格who.2.wearahat戴著帽子wear穿（表示狀態(tài)）puton穿上(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作)B:Haveyougotahat,sir? 先生，您有帽子嗎？A:Yes,Ihave. 有的，我有帽子。B:Wouldyouputiton,please? 請您把帽子戴上好嗎？A:Allright. 好吧。1.Wouldyou…?請你…好嗎？2.putiton戴上帽子it指代ahatputonyourshoes=putyourshoeson=putthemon穿上鞋puton反義詞putoff脫下，摘下takeoffyouwatch=takeyourwatchoff=takeitoff摘下手表B:Isthisthemanthatyouserved.Caroline?卡羅琳,這就是你接待過的那個人嗎？(定語從句,關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾theman.)A:Yes.Irecognizehimnow. 是他。我現(xiàn)在認(rèn)出他來了。recognizev.認(rèn)出來（強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，是非持續(xù)性動詞）eg.Hehaschangedalot,Ihardlyrecognizedhim.他變了許多，我?guī)缀鯖]有認(rèn)出來他。knowv.知道，認(rèn)識（表狀態(tài)，是持續(xù)性動詞，可以接表示時(shí)間段的狀語）eg.Ihaveknownherfortenyears.我認(rèn)識她己經(jīng)10年了。小結(jié)：1.語法定語從句定語從句像形容詞一樣起修飾作用,但位于所修飾的名詞之后。定語從句由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，緊跟在它所修飾的成分后面。關(guān)系代詞who，whom與that修飾人，which與that修飾東西。關(guān)系代詞指代從句的主語或賓語，同時(shí)又充當(dāng)連接詞，把從句和主句連接起來。1、關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that①（先行詞）人+who/that+動詞（作主語）ThemanwhohaswhitehairisMr.White.②（先行詞）人+whose+名詞+動詞（作定語）Ihaveafriendwhosefatherisateacher.③（先行詞）人+who/whom/that+及物動詞/不及物動詞+介詞（做賓語）Themanwemetismyuncle.④（先行詞）物+which/that+動詞（作主語）which是指人以外的生命或沒有生命的東西Thisisthebirdwhichalwayssingsatnight.⑤（先行詞）物+which/that+主語+及物動詞（作賓語）ThisistheletterIreceivedyesterday.2、定語從句中的省略①當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代表主語并且從句中的謂語動詞是（現(xiàn)在）進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞及助動詞be均可省略②如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中作動詞或介詞的賓語，關(guān)系代詞往往可以省略。定語從句可用介詞結(jié)尾。③如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞提前了，介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能加whom（人）/which（物），不能用that。Thewomanstandingbehindthecounterservedme.That’stheshipwetraveledon.That’sthemanItoldyouabout.2.短語forgettodo忘記去做…onthecounter在柜臺上wearahat戴著帽子（狀態(tài)）recognizesb認(rèn)出某人forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做了某事expensivea.昂貴的dictionaryn.字典3.單詞辨析★forgetv.忘記forgettodosth.忘記去做某事Ihaveforgottentobringmybook.forgetdoingsth.忘記做了某事Iwillneverforgetfindingthatrarecoininmygarden.★servev.照應(yīng)，服務(wù)，接待①v.服務(wù)；接待；侍候Areyoubeingserved,sir?先生，有人為您服務(wù)嗎？②v.供應(yīng)；擺出（食物或飲料等）Whattimeisbreakfastservedinthishotel?這個飯店里什么時(shí)候供應(yīng)早餐？③v.為……服務(wù)/服役；任職Theoldcookhasservedthefamilyfor30years.這位老廚師已為這家干了30年了。HebegantoserveintheNavyin1960.他從1960年起開始在海軍服役?！飏ecognizev.認(rèn)出①v.認(rèn)出；認(rèn)識Canyourecognizethistune?你能聽出這支曲調(diào)嗎？②v.承認(rèn)；確認(rèn)IrecognizethatheismorecapablethanIam.我承認(rèn)他比我更有能力。TheyrecognizedRichardashislawfulheir.他們確認(rèn)理查德為他的合法繼承人。AreBritishmedicalqualificationsrecognizedinotherEuropeancountries?英國的醫(yī)生執(zhí)照在歐洲其他國家能否得到承認(rèn)？[課文]CUSTOMER: Iboughttwoexpensivedictionariesherehalfanhourago,butIforgottakethemwithme.MANAGER: Whoservedyou,sir?CUSTOMER: Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounter.MANAGER: Whichbooksdidyoubuy?CUSTOMER: Thebookswhichareonthecounter.MANAGER: Didyouservethisgentlemanhalfanhourago,Caroline? Hesayshe'sthemanwhoboughtthesebooks.CUSTOMER: Ican'tremember. ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.MANAGER: Haveyougotahat,sir?CUSTOMER: Yes,Ihave.MANAGER: Wouldyouputiton,please?CUSTOMER: Allright.MANAGER: Isthisthemanthatyouserved,Caroline?CUSTOMER: Yes.Irecognizehimnow.[課文注釋]1、Whydidn’tCarolinerecognizethecustomerstraightaway?為什么卡羅琳沒有馬上認(rèn)出那位顧客？2、ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.此句為定語從句，由于被修飾的名詞theman在定語從句中是動詞served的賓語，因此，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用賓語whom，但口語中往往用who。Lesson122who(whom),whichwhoseandthatNewWordsandexpressions生詞和短語roadn.路eg.Thisroadleadstothecity.這條路通往城市theroadto通往…的路roadaccident交通事故ExerciseAExample:Sheisthegirl.Shemetmeyesterday.Sheisthegirlwhometmeyesterday.1.Thisisthebook.Iboughtityesterday.ThisisthebookwhichIboughtyesterday.Sheisthegirl.Imetheryesterday.Sheisthegirlwho/whomImetyesterday.Thisisthecar.Themechanicrepairedityesterday.Thisisthecarwhomthemechanicrepairedyesterday.Heistheman.Iinvitedhimtothepart.HeisthemanwhomIinvi