考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷14（共190題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷14（共9套）（共190題）考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。)FortyyearsagoSingapore,nowhometotheworld'sbusiestport,wasaforlornoutpoststillgarrisonedbytheBritish.In1961SouthKoreawaslessindustrializedthantheNorthanddependentonAmericanaid.Thesecountries,andmanyoftheirneighbours,havesincetradedtheirwayoutofpoverty.Giventheirsuccess,itiseasytoforgetthatsomedevelopmenteconomistswereoncepreyto"exportfatalism".Poorcountries,theybelieved,hadlittletogainfromventuringintotheworldmarket.Iftheytriedtoexpandtheirexports,theywouldthwarteachother,drivingdownthepriceoftheircommodities.Thefinancialcrisisofthepastninemonthsisstirringanewexportfatalisminthemindsofsomeeconomists.Evenaftertheglobaleconomyrecovers,developingcountriesmayfindithardertopursueapolicyof"export-ledgrowth",whichservedcountrieslikeSouthKoreasowell.Underthisstrategy,sometimescalled"exportfetishism",countriesspursalesabroad,oftenbykeepingtheircurrenciescheap.Somesavetheproceedsinforeign-currencyreserves,ratherthanspendingthemonimports.Thisstrategyisonereasonwhythedevelopingworld'scurrent-accountsurplusexceeded$700billionin2008,asmeasuredbytheIMF.Inthepast,thesesurpluseswereoffsetbyAmericandeficits.ButAmericamaynowrethinkthebargain.Thisimbalance,wherebyforeignersselltheirgoodstoAmericainexchangeforitsassets,wasonepotentialcauseofthecountry'sfinancialcrisis.Ifthisglobalbargaindoescomeunstuck,howshoulddevelopingcountriesrespond?Inanewpaper,DaniRodrikofHarvardUniversityoffersanovelsuggestion.Hearguesthatdevelopingcountriesshouldcontinuetopromoteexportables,butnolongerpromoteexports.What'sthedifference?Anexportableisagoodthatcouldbetradedacrossborders,butneednotbe.MrRodrik'srecommendedpolicieswouldhelpcountriesmakemoreoftheseexportables,withoutsellingquitesomanyabroad.Countriesgrowbyshiftinglabourandinvestmentfromtraditionalactivities,whereproductivityisstagnant,tonewindustries,whichaboundineconomiesofscaleoropportunitiestoassimilatebettertechniques.Thesenewindustriesusuallymakeexportablegoods,suchascottontextilesortoys.Butwhateverthefetishistsbelieve,thereisnothingspecialabouttheactofexportingitself,Mr.Rodrikargues.Forexample,companiesdonotneedtoventureabroadtofeelthebracingstingofinternationalcompetition.Iftheirproductscanbetradedacrossborders,thenforeignrivalscancompetewiththemathome.Ascountriesindustrializeanddiversify,theirexportsgrow,whichsometimesresultsinatradesurplus.Thesethreethingstendtogotogether.Butinastatistical"horserace"betweenthethree—industrialization,exportsandexportsminusimports—Mr.Rodrikfindsthatitisthegrowthoftradable,industrialgoods,asashareofGDP,thatdoesmostofthework.1、Accordingtothepassage,somedevelopmenteconomistsholdtheideathatA、foreignaidisthekeyfactortopoorcountries’economy.B、worldmarketisnotfittothepoorcountries.C、poorcountries’goodscansellagoodpricethroughworldmarket.D、SingaporeandSouthKorea’ssuccesshasprovedtheirideas.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞somedevelopmenteconomistsholdtheidea定位至第一段。由該段倒數(shù)第二句可知，這些發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家堅(jiān)持的“出口宿命論”認(rèn)為：進(jìn)人世界市場(chǎng)后，貧窮的國(guó)家很難有所得，[B]與之相符，故為正確答案。第一段第二句雖然提及韓國(guó)依賴美國(guó)的援助，但是并不能說明國(guó)外援助是貧窮國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素，故排除[A]；這些發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為擴(kuò)大進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易會(huì)壓低商品價(jià)格，故排除[C]；由第一段第三、四句可知，新加坡和韓國(guó)的成功是這些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家理論的反例，故排除[D]。2、Duetothefinancialcrisis,developingcountriesA、foundexportfatalismmorefittothem.B、arehavingproblemsinexport.C、begantokeeptheircurrenciesexpensive.D、becamethecertaincauseofAmerica’sfinancialcrisis.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thefinancialcrisis和developingcountries定位至第二段開頭。該段提及“發(fā)展中國(guó)家也許會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，繼續(xù)實(shí)行出口帶動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的模式變得困難了”，意味著發(fā)展中國(guó)家在出口上出現(xiàn)了問題，[B]與之相符，故為正確答案。由該段第二句可知，出口宿命論由一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家提及，并對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的出口帶來了麻煩，并不是說發(fā)展中國(guó)家認(rèn)為出口宿命論是適合自己的，故排除[A]；由該段第三句“讓本國(guó)貨幣匯率保持在低水平上”排除[C]；該段末句只是提及發(fā)展中國(guó)家成為美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的一個(gè)“潛在原因”，[D]的說法過于絕對(duì)，故排除。3、ItcanbeinferredfromDaniRodrik’snewsuggestionthatdevelopingcountriesshouldA、promotetheirtradeacrossborders.B、stimulatetheirdomesticneeds.C、improvetheirproductionofexportablegoods.D、advancetheirsellingabroad.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞DaniRodrik’snewsuggestion和developingcountries定位至第三段。該段提到，丹尼·羅德里克認(rèn)為發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)當(dāng)繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)生產(chǎn)“可出口商品”，[C]與之相符，故為正確答案。由該段第三句“無需繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)出口”排除[A]；該段末句只是提及鼓勵(lì)生產(chǎn)“可出口商品”，但并未明確提及刺激國(guó)內(nèi)需求和境外銷售，故排除[B]和[D]。4、ItcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatA、cottontextilesandtoysarelessexportablegoods.B、traditionalactivitiesarefullofeconomiesofscale.C、traditionalindustriesusuallymakeexportablegoods.D、newindustrieshavemorechancestoacceptbettertechniques.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段。該段第一句提及新興產(chǎn)業(yè)擁有更多技術(shù)改進(jìn)的機(jī)會(huì)，[D]與之相符，故為正確答案。由該段第二句可知，棉紡織品和玩具為可出口商品，故排除[A]；該段首句指的是新興產(chǎn)業(yè)容易形成規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)，而傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)很不景氣，故排除[B]；由該段第二句可知，新興產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)常生產(chǎn)如棉紡織品或玩具等出口商品，故排除[C]。5、Accordingtothelastparagraph,"astatisticalhorserace"mostprobablymeansA、acomparisoninstatistics.B、ahorsecompetition.C、anindexofsportsindustry.D、araceofmathematics.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第五段。解答此題的關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)horserace的理解。由原文可推知，此處并非指真正的賽馬，而是關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)方面的，由此可以引申為“比賽”，即數(shù)據(jù)比賽或?qū)Ρ龋琜A]與之相符，故為正確答案。[B]“賽馬比賽”、[C]“體育產(chǎn)業(yè)指數(shù)”和[D]“數(shù)學(xué)比賽”都與原文中上下文的含義不符，故均排除。InafamousepisodeoftheTVshowSeinfeld,a"closetalker"makesothersuncomfortablebystandingmerecentimetersfromtheirfaceswhilespeaking.Whatmakesthisinvasionofourpersonalspacesouncomfortable?Anewstudyfingerstheamygdala,aregionofthebrainthatactslikeawarningbellwhensomeonegetstoocloseforcomfort.Psychologistshavestudiedpersonalspacesincethe1960s.They'vefoundthatAmericansandnorthernEuropeanspreferalargerpersonalspacethansouthernEuropeans,forexample,whereaspeoplewithautism(atendencytoviewlifeintermsofone'sownneedsanddesires)tendtounknowinglyinvadeothers'personalspace.Studiesinmonkeyshavehintedthattheamygdala,analmond-shapedregioninthemiddleofthebrainthathelpsusrecognizethreats,playsaroleinpersonalspace.Butthetheoryprovedhardtotestinhumans.Then,about15yearsago,neuroscientistsattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadenameta42-year-oldwomanwithararegeneticdisorderthatdestroyedbothsidesofheramygdala.Inearlyexperiments,thescientistsdiscoveredthatthewoman,referredtoasSM,couldn'tspotfearinotherpeople'sfaces;shealsoratedpeopleasmoretrustworthythananaveragepersondid.Andshewasextremelyoutgoing,"almosttothepointwhereitisn'tnormal,"saysteammemberDanielKennedy.Evenifshe'sonlyjustmetsomeone,hesays,SMwillinvadetheirpersonalspace—touchingtheirarmasshetalksorpokingtheirstomach.Inthenewstudy,KennedyandhiscolleaguesmorerigorouslytestedSM'ssenseofpersonalspace.Theycomparedherwith20healthysubjectsinaseriesofexperiments.Inonetest,anexperimenterslowlywalkedtowardasubjectuntilthesubjectfeltuncomfortableandtoldtheexperimentertostop.SMletexperimentersgetabouttwiceascloseasothersubjectsdid,0.34metersversus0.64meters,theteamreportsonlinethisweekinNatureNeuroscience.Sheevenfeltfinestandingnosetonosewithanexperimenter.Furtherexperimentsrevealedwhy.Kennedyandhiscolleaguesplacedeighthealthysubjects,oneatatime,insideafunctionalmagneticresonanceimagingscanner,whichmeasuresbrainactivity.Thenanexperimenterstoodeitherabout4.5metersawayfromthemachineorrightnexttothemachine'sopening.Thesubjects'amygdalaslitupwithsignificantlymoreactivitywhenthestrangerstoodcloseby."Ourfindingssupporttheideathattheamygdalafunctionsasthebrakesinsocialinteractions,"Kennedysays."Ifyoutakeawaytheamygdala,itseemslikeyouarelesstunedto...social(behaviors)thatcancausediscomfort."Thestudyis"anovelpieceofresearch"thatisthefirsttoidentifyaneural(ofanerveorthenervoussystem)sourceofpersonalspaceinpeople,saysRichardDavidson,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofWisconsin,Madison."It'salsopartofagrowingseriesofstudiesthatunderscoretheimportanceoftheamygdalainhumansocialinteractions,"hesays.6、Accordingtothepassage,studiesinmonkeysA、weremadebysomepsychologists.B、hintedthattheamygdalaplaysaroleinpersonalspace.C、showedthatAmericanstendtoinvadeothers’personalspaceunknowingly.D、showedthatAmericanspreferalargerpersonalspacethannorthernEuropeans.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞studiesinmonkeys定位至第二段。該段倒數(shù)第二句提到“對(duì)猴子的研究表明，扁桃腺在個(gè)人空間中起著作用?！盵B]與之相符，故為正確答案。第二段首句只是提及“心理學(xué)家從19世紀(jì)60年代開始研究個(gè)人空間”，但是并未說明下文對(duì)猴子的研究是心理學(xué)家做的，故排除[A]；由第二段末句可知，[C]和[D]都屬于對(duì)心理學(xué)家所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)的推測(cè)，與題干提到的studiesinmonkeys不相符，故均排除。7、The42-year-oldwomanmentionedinthethirdparagraphA、ismoretrustworthythanotherpeople.B、doesn’tlikestaynearothers.C、isnotsharponpersonalspace.D、isabnormalinmind.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段。該段對(duì)該女性的基本狀況進(jìn)行了介紹，由她不能夠從其他人的臉色中辨識(shí)出恐懼，即使她只是與人初識(shí)，SM也會(huì)侵犯他們的個(gè)人空間等可以推知，她在個(gè)人空間方面不是很敏感。[C]與之相符，故為正確答案。該段第二句說的是她對(duì)別人抱有更多的信賴，而非她比別人更可信，故排除[A]；由該段末句可知，她喜歡與人靠近甚至發(fā)生身體接觸，故排除[B]；該段首句只是提及她扁桃腺的兩側(cè)失去功能，并非精神不正常，故排除[D]。8、WecanlearnfromthenewstudymadebyKennedyandhiscolleaguesthatSMA、hasnodifferencetotheothers.B、canafforda0.34meterspersonaldistance.C、feelsuncomfortablewiththe20healthypeople.D、preferstostandingnosetonosewiththeothers.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞thenewstudymadebyKennedyandhiscolleagues定位至第四段。該段第四句提及SM可接受的接近距離比其他受試者大約少一半，分別是0．34米和0．64米，由此推知，她可以接受O．34米的人際距離，[B]與之相符，故為正確答案。[A]“SM與其他人沒有差異”與該段第二句相悖，故排除；該段第二句只是提及把她與20位健康的參試者進(jìn)行了一系列試驗(yàn)對(duì)比，并未提及她和他們?cè)谝黄鸩皇娣?，故排除[C]；該段末句只是說她覺得站立時(shí)鼻子貼鼻子的距離也可以接受，并不意味著她偏愛這樣站立，故排除[D]。9、ItcanbeinferredfromthefifthparagraphthatA、SMhasnobrainactivity.B、Kennedyadvisespeopletotakeawaytheiramygdala.C、peoplewithoutamygdalatendtohavemorediscomfort.D、personalspaceinfluenceshealthysubjects’brainactivities.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由題干提示定位至第五段。該段測(cè)量受試者的腦部活動(dòng)，當(dāng)陌生人靠近時(shí)，受試者的扁桃腺因顯著地更多活動(dòng)而發(fā)紅，表明他們的腦部活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了變化。由此推斷人際距離可能影響腦部活動(dòng)，[D]與之相符，故為正確答案。[A]的說法過于絕對(duì)，該第四句只是表明SM腦部活動(dòng)與其他人的不同，故排除；原文中Kennedy只是對(duì)摘除扁桃腺這個(gè)假設(shè)做了推測(cè)，并沒有建議大家摘除，故排除[B]；由第五段末句可知，摘除扁桃腺會(huì)降低對(duì)不適行為的敏感度，即對(duì)其容忍度更高，[C]與之相反，故排除。10、Theword"novel"(Line1,Para.6)mostprobablymeansA、believable.B、false.C、original.D、common.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第六段。由定位句下文“這是第一次驗(yàn)證人們個(gè)人空間的神經(jīng)原由”中的“第一次”可推知，該研究應(yīng)該是新穎的，因此[C]“初始的，首創(chuàng)的”與之相符，故為正確答案。原文此處不涉及其可信度，故排除[A]“可信的”；由原文可知，這是一次正確、重要的研究，故排除[B]；由原文提及的初創(chuàng)性和下文提及的重要性可以排除[D]“普通的”。Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedorfeared?Thisquestion,famouslyposedbyMachiavelli,liesattheheartofJosephNye'snewbook.Mr.Nye,aformerdeanoftheKennedySchoolofGovernmentatHarvardandone-timechairmanofAmerica'sNationalIntelligenceCouncil,isbestknownforpromotingtheideaof"softpower",basedonpersuasionandinfluence,asacounterpointto"hardpower",basedoncoercionandforce.Havinganalysedtheuseofsoftandhardpowerinpoliticsanddiplomacyinhispreviousbooks,hehasnowturnedhisattentiontotherelationshipbetweenpowerandleadership,inboththepoliticalandbusinessspheres.Machiavelli,henotes,concludedthat"oneoughttobebothfearedandloved,butasitisdifficultforthetwotogotogether,itismuchsafertobefearedthanloved."Inshort,hardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.Butmodernleadershiptheoristshavecometotheoppositeconclusion.Thecontextofleadershipischanging,theyobserve,andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpowerisbecomingoutdated.Inmoderncompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasinglydiffusedandtraditionalhierarchiesarebeingundermined,makingsoftpowerevermoreimportant.Butthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion,Mr.Nyeargues.Instead,headvocatesasynthesisofthesetwoviews.TheconclusionofThePowerstoLead,hissurveyofthetheoryofleadership,isthatacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichhecalls"smartpower",isthebestapproach.Thedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadershipatthemomentis,apparently,the"neochar-ismaticandtransformationalleadershipparadigm".Anyoneallergictomanagementjargonwillalreadyberunningfortheexit,butMr.Nyehasperformedavaluableserviceinroundingupandsummarisingthevariousacademicstudiesandtheoriesofleadershipintoasingle,slimvolume.Heexaminesdifferentapproachestoleadership,themoralityofleadershipandhowthewidercontextcandeterminetheeffectivenessofaparticularleader.Thereareplentyofanecdotesandexamples,bothhistoricalandcontemporary,politicalandcorporate.Alas,leadershipisaslipperysubject,andasherehearsestheprosandconsofvarioustheories,evenMr.Nyeneverquitenailsthejellytothewall.Heisathismostinterestingwhendiscussingthemoralaspectsofleadership—inparticular,thequestionofwhetheritissometimesnecessaryforgoodleaderstolie—andheprovidesahelpful12-pointsummaryofhisconclusions.Arecurringthemeisthatascircumstanceschange,differentsortsofleadersarerequired;aleaderwhothrivesinoneenvironmentmaystruggleinanother,andviceversa.Ultimatelythatisjustafancywayofsayingthatleadershipoffersnoeasyanswers.11、Accordingtothefirstthreeparagraphs,Mr.NyeA、isnowthedeanoftheKennedySchoolofGovernmentatHarvard.B、believesthatitismuchsafertobefearedthanloved.C、arguesthatcoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion.D、concludesthat"smartpower"isthebestchoiceforleaders.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段提到奈伊是前任院長(zhǎng)，而[A]中用了now一詞，與原文不符；[B]出現(xiàn)在第二段，是奈伊引用了馬基雅維利的結(jié)論，而不是奈伊自己的看法，也可以排除；[C]出現(xiàn)在文中第三段，文中說這并不意味著強(qiáng)權(quán)威逼應(yīng)該讓位于說服力，與之相反，他主張將這兩種觀點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來，由此可知[C]不準(zhǔn)確；由第三段最后一句可知[D]是正確答案。12、WecaninferfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatMr.NyeA、establishesthedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadership.B、doesnotlikethedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadership.C、summarizesdifferentapproachestoleadership.D、believesitisnecessaryforgoodleaderstolie.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。文中并未提到是奈伊建立了關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的主流理論模型，故排除[A]；文中也并未提到奈伊對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的主流理論模型的喜好，故排除[B]；由第四段第二句可知[C]正確；最后一段提到優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在某些時(shí)候是否也有必要說謊的問題上奈伊體現(xiàn)出了他的風(fēng)趣幽默，但是未提及奈伊在這個(gè)問題上的看法，故排除[D]。13、Thesentence"Mr.Nyeneverquitenailsthejellytothewall."(Line2,Para.5)mostprobablymeansA、Mr.Nyedoesn’tlikethejelly.B、Mr.Nyeisexcitedtofinishhisnewbook.C、Mr.Nyebelievesthereissomethingwrongwithhiswall.D、Mr.Nyedoesnotmakeaconclusion.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第五段。在對(duì)歷史和現(xiàn)代的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力理論家的看法進(jìn)行了大致的介紹之后，本文作者感嘆領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的確是一個(gè)難以把握的主題，因?yàn)榭偸怯懈鞣N理論不斷出現(xiàn)，而這些理論都有著各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，因此，即使是奈伊也難以作結(jié)論。[A]和[C]停留在表面，與文章實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容沒有聯(lián)系，可以排除，而[B]與前后文無法銜接；結(jié)合語境，可選出答案[D]。14、Accordingtothepassage,MachiavelliA、istheauthorofthebookThePowerstoLead.B、promotestheideaof"softpower".C、believeshardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.D、isoneofthemostimportantmodernleadershiptheorists.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。第二段提到，馬基雅維利認(rèn)為硬實(shí)力比軟實(shí)力更為安全，即更為可取，故[C]是正確答案。第三段中明確提到了奈伊才是ThePowerstoLead一書的作者，從而排除[A]；據(jù)第一段第二句可以判斷提出“軟實(shí)力”這一概念的同樣是奈伊，從而排除[B]；第二段最后說到現(xiàn)代的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力理論家卻并不同意馬基雅維利的這一觀點(diǎn)，可見馬基雅維利不是現(xiàn)代的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力理論家，從而排除[D]。15、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A、JosephNyeandMachiavelliB、SecretsofLeadershipC、SoftPowerandHardPowerD、WhatIsSmartPower?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了奈伊在其新作中對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力問題的探討。馬基雅維利并非文章主要內(nèi)容，只是為了與奈伊的某些觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，故排除[A]；[B]準(zhǔn)確概括了文章主題，為正確答案。第二段第一句提到奈伊先生在其之前的著作中曾分析過利用“軟實(shí)力”和“硬實(shí)力”在政治和外交中的應(yīng)用，并非其書的主旨，也并非本文的主旨，故排除[C]；本文最核心的問題是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的問題，并非智能實(shí)力，智能實(shí)力只反映了文章的一個(gè)部分，而不能從整體上對(duì)全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括，故[D]不準(zhǔn)確。In2007aFrenchfoodcompanywantedtobuyafamily-ownedfirminIndia.Thepatriarchwas72,andtheFrenchfirmwantedtosendsomeoneofsimilarexperiencetotalktohim.Butbecauseofitsyouthfulcorporateculture—mostpeoplearepushedoutofthedoorintheirmid-40s—ithadnoonetosend.lntheend,throughExperconnect,anemploymentagencyinPariswhichplacesretiredpeople,itfounda58-year-oldformerheadofaEuropeanconsumer-goodsfirm,andsenthimouttoMumbai.Francehasapoorrecordwhenitcomestokeepingolderpeopleintheworkforce.Theretirementageis60,not65asinmostdevelopedcountries.In2005only37.8%ofpeopleaged55-64hadjobs,versus56.8%inBritainand44.9%inGermany.Themainreasonisthatinthe1980s,whentherewashighunemployment,thegovernmentpromotedearlyretirement.Thatentrenchedtheideathatolderworkerswerelessproductive,saysCarolineYoung,Experconnect'sfounder.Nowcompaniesareworriedaboutlosingtheirmostskilledworkers,especiallyasthebaby-boomgenerationnearsretirement.Areva,anuclear-powergroup,recentlylaunchedaschemetoaddresstheneedsofolderemployees,andplanstouseabout100retiredpeopleayearthroughExperconnect.Becausenuclearpowerwasunpopularfordecades,Arevastoppedtrainingengineers,sothatmuchofitsexpertiselieswithitsoldeststaff.Nowitistakingmuchmoreinterestinthem."Wehavetobringaboutarevolutioninopinion,"saysJeanCassingena,itshuman-resourcesstrategist.Unlikeotherrecruitmentagencies,Experconnectkeepsitsworkersonitsownbooks,sotheycancarryondrawingtheirpensions.Theytendtoworkpart-timeonone-offprojects.EngineersandpeoplewithhighlevelsoftechnicalskillaremostindemandinFrance,saysMsYoung,asyoungerpeopleincreasinglychoosetogointofieldssuchasmarketing.Thales,adefenceandaerospacefirm,isusingaformerradarexpert,forinstance,andLouisBergerFrance,anengineeringfirm,oftenusesretiredengineerstomanagebiginfrastructureprojects.SofterindustriesalsomakeuseofExperconnect.Danone,afoodfirm,hirespeopleforone-offmanagementroles."Olderpeoplehaveseenitallandtheyarelevel-headed,"saysThomasKunz,itsheadofbeverages.Thebeautyindustryisshortoftoxicologiststodeterminewhethernewlotionsaresafe,andonefirmhasjusttakenona75-year-old.TwofamousFrenchluxury-goodscompaniesplantouseretiredworkersintheirhandbagdivisions.Onewantstosafeguarditsknowledgeoffineleathersandsewing;theotherwantstoapplyexpertisefromtheaerospaceindustrytomakenewkindsofmaterialsforhandbags.Despiteanimpressivehandfulofhigh-profileclients,ExperconnecthasfounditdifficulttoconvinceFrenchcompaniesthatolderworkerscanbevaluable.Ithas2,700retiredpeopleonitsbooks,andhassofarplacedjust50ofthemon"missions".Oldprejudices,astheysay,diehard.16、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,wecanknowthatA、theIndiafirmhasbeenfoundedfor72years.B、mostFrenchworkersretireintheirmid-forties.C、theFrenchfirmfinallyfoundsomeonesuitabletotalktothepatriarch.D、noFrenchworkerswantedtogotoIndia.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段主要列舉了一個(gè)事例，用以引出文章主題。第一段中提到Thepatriarchwas72，指的是企業(yè)的創(chuàng)始人已經(jīng)72歲高齡，并非該家族企業(yè)已成立72周年，因此排除[A]；文中說大多數(shù)人在45歲的時(shí)候就會(huì)被擠出公司，并非退休，而且下文中也明確指出了法國(guó)的退休年齡為60歲，故排除[B]；該法國(guó)公司最終通過一家中介機(jī)構(gòu)找到了合適的人選，故[C]為正確答案；文中并未提及員工是否愿意前往印度，故排除[D]。17、"Inthe1980s,thegovernmentpromotedearlyretirement"iscitedinParagraph2asanexampletoA、showwhyolderworkerswerelessproductive.B、illustratethepoorconditionofkeepingtheoldpeopleinworkforceinFrance.C、comparetheconditionofoldpeoplebetweenFranceandtheotherdevelopedcountries.D、assessthepolicyofFrancegovernmentatthattime.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干提示可以迅速定位到第二段。文中提到了20世紀(jì)80年代法國(guó)政府出臺(tái)的讓老年人提早退休的政策，以應(yīng)付經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，雖然是這個(gè)政策使得老齡化意味著生產(chǎn)力低下，但作者并不同意這一觀點(diǎn)，作者引用這個(gè)例子是為了說明老年人在法國(guó)的地位，故答案為[B]。18、What’sthemeaningofthelastsentenceofthepassage?A、ItishardforFrenchfirmstobelievethevalueofolderworkers.B、Itishardforolderworkerstobelievetheirvalue.C、Itisdifficulttoconvinceyoungerworkerstoworkhard.D、Itisdifficulttoconvinceolderworkerstolearnnewtechnologies.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。文章最后一段說到雖然職業(yè)中介機(jī)構(gòu)Experconnect成功地為一些客戶提供了服務(wù)，但是由于法國(guó)公司固有的偏見，為老齡工人尋求職位并不容易，于是有了最后的感嘆“成見難改”，因此推測(cè)這句話的意思為[A]。19、Fromthispassage,wecanconcludethatA、thelifeofmostFrencholderworkersaredifficult.B、olderworkersaremorevaluablethantheyoungerinsomeareas.C、theFrenchyoungerworkersdonotworkhardenough.D、mostFrencholderworkersdonotwanttoworkanymoreafterretirement.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文說的是法國(guó)老齡員工人的就業(yè)問題，但是文中并未提到法國(guó)老年人的生活困難，由此排除[A]；文中也舉了多個(gè)例子來說明老齡工人在某些方面要強(qiáng)于年輕人，故[B]為正確答案；[C]和[D]在文中均沒有提及，故排除。20、WecanlearnfromthispassagethattheauthorA、believesolderworkersarelessproductive.B、holdsthatFrenchgovernmentiswrongfortheearlyretirementpolicy.C、believesolderworkersarevaluable.D、holdsthatolderworkersshouldnotcompetewithyoungerones.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本題問作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。作者在文中列舉了好幾個(gè)老齡工人成功就業(yè)的事例，文末作者又認(rèn)為老齡工人生產(chǎn)力不高是種偏見，因此可以判斷作者是支持老年人就業(yè)并且相信老年人的價(jià)值的，故選[C]。[A]與作者的觀點(diǎn)相悖；文中已經(jīng)提到了提早退休政策的制定是有當(dāng)時(shí)的背景，只是現(xiàn)在時(shí)過境遷，故排除[B]；[D]在文中并沒有提及，而且老齡工人是有一定的市場(chǎng)需求的，并沒有對(duì)年輕人就業(yè)形成大的沖擊。ThinkofthelonelinessfeltbyMarieSmithbeforeshediedearlierthisyearinhernativeAlaska,at89.ShewasthelastpersonwhoknewthelanguageoftheEyakpeopleasamother-tongue.OrimagineNedMandrell,whodiedin1974—hewasthelastnativespeakerofManx,similartoIrishandScotsGaelic.Boththesepeoplehadthecomfortofbeingsurrounded,someofthetime,byenthusiastswhoknewsomethingpreciouswasvanishingandtriedtorecordandlearnwhatevertheycouldofavanishingtongue.Inremotepartsoftheworld,dozensmorepeopleareonthepointoftakingtotheirgravesasystemofcommunicationthatwillneverberecordedorreconstructed.Doesitmatter?Plentyoflanguages—amongthemAkkadian,Etruscan,TangutandChib-cha—havegonethewayofthedodo,withoutcausingmuchtroubletoposterity.Shouldanyonelosesleepoverthefactthatmanytongues—fromManchu(spokeninChina)toHua(Botswana)andGwich'in(Alaska)—areindangerofsufferingasimilarfate?Comparedwithgroupswholobbytosaveanimalsortrees,campaignerswholobbytopreservelanguagesarethemselvesararebreed.Buttheyaretryingbothtomitigateandpubliciseanalarmingaccelerationintherateatwhichlanguagesarevanishing.Ofsome6,900tonguesspokenintheworldtoday,some50%to90%couldbegonebytheendofthecentury.InAfrica,atleast300languagesareinnear-termdanger,and200morehavediedrecentlyorareonthevergeofdeath.Some145languagesarethreatenedinEastandSouth-EastAsia.Somelanguages,evenrobustones,faceanobviousthreatintheshapeofapoliticalpowerbentonimposingamajoritytongue.AyoungsterinanypartoftheSovietUnionsoonrealisedthatwhateveryouspokeathome,masteringRussianwasthekeytosuccess;citizensofChinafacesimilarpressuretofocusonMandarin,themainChinesedialect.NordidEnglishreachitspresentglobalstatuswithoutruthlesstactics.Inyearspast,Americans,CanadiansandAustralianstooknativechildrenawayfromtheirfamiliestoberaisedatboardingschoolswhereEnglishrules.InalltheCelticfringesoftheBritishIslestherearebittermemoriesofchildrenbeingpunishedforspeakingthewronglanguage.Butinanageofmasscommunications,thethreatstolinguisticdiversityarelesscrucialandmorespontaneous.Parentsstopusingtraditionaltongues,thinkingitwillbebetterfortheirchildrentogrowupusingadominantlanguage(suchasSwahiliinEastAfrica)oraglobalone(suchasEnglish,MandarinorSpanish).Andevenifparentstrytokeeptheoldspeechalive,theireffortscanbedoomedbyfilmsandcomputergames.21、AccordingtoParagraph1,MarieSmith’ssolituderesultsfromthefactthatA、shelivesaloneandnooneaccompaniesher.B、peoplearoundhercouldnotunderstandherlanguage.C、sheisthelastpersonhavingEyakasmother-tongue.D、asanativeAlaska,shelivesfarawayfromthatplace.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞MarieSmith’s提示定位至第一段。解答本題的關(guān)鍵是對(duì)第一段前兩句話的理解：第一句提示讀者設(shè)想瑪麗·史密斯的孤獨(dú)感；第二句解釋了造成孤獨(dú)感的原因，即她是世界上最后一位掌握埃亞克人母語的人。所以正確答案是[C]。[A]“沒人陪伴”未在文中出現(xiàn)；[B]有一定的干擾性：文中只提到瑪麗是世界上最后一位掌握埃亞克人母語的人，這并不意味著她不能和周圍的人交流，而且她是土生土長(zhǎng)的阿拉斯加州人，不可能不被她周圍的人理解；[D]中shelivesfarawayfromthatplace并未在文中提及，故排除。22、Whatdocampaignerswholobbytopreservelanguagesdotosaveendangeredlanguages?A、Takemeasurestoslowdownlanguages’vanishingrate.B、Trytomakeknownlanguages’acceleratingvanishingrate.C、Tryalltheirouttorecordandreconstructthevanishinglanguages.D、Slowdownlanguages’vanishingrateandmeanwhilemakeitknown.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞campaignerswholobbytopreservelanguages定位至第三段。該段段首提到了雖然為保存語言而進(jìn)行游說的人較少，但是他們?cè)谂ν瑫r(shí)從兩方面改變現(xiàn)狀：降低令人擔(dān)憂的語言加速消逝的速度，同時(shí)使語言加速消逝的現(xiàn)狀為公眾所注意。由此可知[D]為正確答案。23、InParagraphs4and5theauthordiscussesthatA、masteringRussianisthekeytosuccessintheSovietUnion.B、citizensofChinashouldfocusontheacquisitionofMandarin.C、Englishreachesitspresentglobalstatusasaworldlanguage.D、languagesfaceobviousthreatintheshapeofapoliticalpower.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第四、五段。第四段開頭提到“甚至一些充滿活力的語言也受到了因政治權(quán)力傾向而強(qiáng)制推行的主流語言的威脅”，接下來分別以蘇聯(lián)的俄語、中國(guó)的普通話和作為世界語言的英語為例，證明政治傾向?qū)φZ言流行的影響。因而正確答案是[D]。24、Whatdoestheauthorfeelaboutthevanishinglanguagesthroughouttheworld?A、Concerned.B、Indifferent.C、Pleased.D、Sympathetic.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。解答本題需要根據(jù)文中作者的措辭來判斷：第一段中提到了瑪麗的“孤獨(dú)”；第二段用了“難道……”的反問句式和引起人們“失眠”的結(jié)果；第三段提到“為保存語言而進(jìn)行游說的人較少”；以及下文從三個(gè)方面例證造成語言消逝的措辭和結(jié)構(gòu)安排可見：[B]“漠不關(guān)心”和[C]“高興”，都不符合文章主旨，因?yàn)楸疚氖且獑酒鹑藗儗?duì)這些瀕臨滅絕的語言的重視；[D]“感到同情”不準(zhǔn)確，作者是對(duì)這些語言的處境感到擔(dān)憂和關(guān)切。由此可知[A]“擔(dān)憂”為正確選項(xiàng)。25、Inthefuture,thenumberoflanguageswillA、stopdecreasing.B、begintoincrease.C、continuetodecrease.D、stopincreasing.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。本題需要對(duì)全文綜合理解。首先，在歷史上就存在語言消逝的現(xiàn)象；其次，近年來這一消逝開始加速；最后，雖然最后一段開頭提到“在大眾傳播工具盛行的時(shí)代，語言多樣化所受威脅的嚴(yán)峻性降低，自發(fā)性提高”，但是依然說明了語言選擇趨向集中的事實(shí)和趨勢(shì)，所以正確答案是[C]?？佳杏⒄Z（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀9翻譯句子)(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Muchoftheexcitementamonginvestigatorsinthefieldofintelligencederivesfromtheirtryingtodetermineexactlywhatintelligenceis.Differentinvestigatorshaveemphasizeddifferentaspectsofintelligenceintheirdefinitions.【F1】Forexample,ina1921symposiumonthedefinitionofintelligence,theAmericanpsychologistLewisM.Termanemphasizedtheabilitytothinkabstractly,whileanotherAmericanpsychologist,EdwardL.Thorndike,emphasizedlearningandtheabilitytogivegoodresponsestoquestions.Inasimilar1986symposium,however,psychologistsgenerallyagreedontheimportanceofadaptationtotheenvironmentasthekeytounderstandingbothwhatintelligenceisandwhatitdoes.Suchadaptationmayoccurinavarietyofenvironmentalsituations.【F2】Forexample,astudentinschoollearnsthematerialthatisrequiredtopassordowellinacourse;aphysiciantreatingapatientwithanunfamiliardiseaseadaptsbylearningaboutthedisease;anartistreworksapaintinginordertomakeitconveyamoreharmoniousimpression.【F3】Forthemostpart,adaptinginvolve