考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷18（共195題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷18（共9套）（共195題）考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)ThemostthoroughlystudiedintellectualsinthehistoryoftheNewWorldaretheministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas"Somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits."Accordingtomanybooksandarticles,NewEngland'sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritantraditioninAmericanintellectuallife.TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostartwiththePuritans'theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch—importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewworldcircumstances.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchesinthedecadeafter1629,therewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialoftheCrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsandservants,leftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzed,itisobviousthattheirviewswerelessfullyintellectualized.Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoemigratedinthelate1630s,leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.Sexualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope—allcametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:"comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbemypeople."OnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurches.Meanwhile,manysettleshadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane's,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewworldforreligion."Ourmainendwastocatchfish."1、Theauthorholdsthatintheseventeenth-centuryNewEnglandA、Puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallife.B、intellectualinterestswereencouraged.C、Politicsbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavors.D、intellectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalenvironment.標準答案：B知識點解析：細節(jié)題。從第一段nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“Somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits．”可知，B項為正確選項。A項為原文的篡改。C項從原文的表述中無法推出。D項“對于知識的追求享有自由的環(huán)境”在原文中根本沒有體現。2、ItissuggestedinParagraph2thatNewEnglandersA、experiencedacomparativelypeacefulearlyhistory.B、broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorld.C、paidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallife.D、wereobsessedwithreligiousinnovations.標準答案：B知識點解析：推斷題。第二段中的第二句提到wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture…，題干中的“NewEnglanders”就是文中的“Puritans”，選項中的“broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorld”對應文章中的“carriersofEuropeanculture”，因此B項為正確答案。3、TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusettsBayA、werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirwritings.B、gainedincreasingimportanceinreligiousaffairs.C、abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorld.D、createdanewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland.標準答案：D知識點解析：細節(jié)題。從第三段中的最后一句話“Theremenwroteandpublishedextensively，reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences，andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness．”可知，D項正確。A項和原文所說的范圍不相符，B項在文章中沒有提到，C項片面。4、ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswereoftenA、influencedbysuperstitions.B、troubledwithreligiousbeliefs.C、puzzledbychurchsermons.D、frustratedwithfamilyearnings.標準答案：A知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據題干中JohnDane定位到第四段后半部分。約翰·丹奈的故事敘述了他因為受到宗教感召而移民新大陸。這個故事作為論據，論證了上文表述的觀點“那些未受到良好教育的新英格蘭人的思想往往帶有傳統的宗教迷信色彩”。所以A項正確。其他項只作為約翰·丹奈的個人特點被提及，不是未受到良好教育的新英格蘭人的共同特點。5、ThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNewEnglandA、weremostlyengagedinpoliticalactivities.B、weremotivatedbyanillusoryprospect.C、camefromdifferentbackgrounds.D、leftfewformalrecordsforlaterreference.標準答案：C知識點解析：推斷題。第三段首句提到，馬薩諸塞灣的早期移民中包括在英國受過良好教育并具有相當影響力的人；第四段第一句和第三句提到，大多數新英格蘭人并未受過良好的教育，他們的思想常常帶有傳統的宗教迷信色彩；第五段首句提到，還有很多移民沒有虔誠的宗教信仰。因此可推知C項正確，intellectualbackgrounds是對文中提到的教育、宗教背景的概括。A項“政治活動”在文中沒有涉及。第二、三段提到早期移民被視為歐洲文化的使者，他們中包括著書廣泛、具有相當影響力的人。因此排除B項和D項。Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled"AskMarilyn."PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228—thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,what'sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?It'snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren'sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant'sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle"HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?",Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit'sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.6、Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?A、Answeringphilosophicalquestions.B、Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.C、Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.D、Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.標準答案：D知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據題干定位到第一段。答案信息所在的關鍵句子是IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies，toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut，andtodeducenumericalsequences，amongothersimilartasks。A項“Answeringphilosophicalquestions．”回答哲學問題，文章沒有提到；B項“Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes．”把紙張疊成或裁剪成不同形狀，與文中不符：C項“Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts．”判斷并指出一定概念之間的區(qū)別，文中沒提到；D項“Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones．"在給出的相似的單詞和圖片中進行選擇，與文中completeverbalandvisualanalogies一致，所以D項正確。7、WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?A、PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.B、MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.C、Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.D、Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.標準答案：C知識點解析：推斷題。根據題干關鍵詞定位到第三段。由bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion可知，智商測試現有成人和兒童兩個版本，故C項正確。A項“人們不再使用智商分數作為智商高低的指標”：B項“現在人們可以再互聯網上獲得更多版本的智商測試”與原文表述不符合。D項“科學家已經明確了人類智商中的重要因素”，屬于過度推斷。8、PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant’sbecauseA、thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.B、creativityratherthananalyticalskillsisemphasizednow.C、vosSavant’scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat.D、thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.標準答案：A知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據題干定位到第三段。倒數第二句“SuperhighscoreslikeVOSSavant’sarenolongerpossible，becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers，ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100．”說明現在的記分方法是基于同齡群體分布統計的，與之前的傳統方法不同，因此A項正確。B項“現在更強調創(chuàng)造能力而不是分析能力”屬于過度推斷，C項不能說明原因，D項文章沒有提到。9、WecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthatA、testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sability.B、IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.C、testinginvolvesalotofguesswork.D、traditionaltestareoutofdate.標準答案：A知識點解析：推斷題。根據題干定位到最后一段。第二句說傳統智商測試不能評估創(chuàng)造力和實踐能力，第四句提到在壓力大的情況下，根據智商分數預測出的領導能力與實際情況相反，由此可知A項“測試分數可能不是體現一個人能力高低的可靠指標”為正確選項。B項生拉硬套，C項以偏概全，D項屬于過度推斷。10、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests?A、Supportive.B、Skeptical.C、Impartial.D、Biased.標準答案：B知識點解析：態(tài)度題。本題的關鍵在于第二段。第二段首句“Clearly，intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest．”之后連續(xù)三個疑問句，“Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified，andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology，genetics，computerscienceandotherfields?”表明作者對智力測試持懷疑的態(tài)度。所以選B項skeptical“懷疑的”。A項Supportive“支持的”，C項Impartial“中立的”，D項Biased“有偏見的”，均不符合。Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShould,Like,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter'sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof"whom",forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing",hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,like,care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnonstandardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish"onpaperplatesinsteadofchina".Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.11、AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglishA、isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms.B、isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment.C、hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture.D、broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s.標準答案：B知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據第二段第二句可知，麥荷特先生擅長語言史以及語言演變，他認為類似“whom”這一類的正式英語詞匯的消失沒什么大驚小怪的，就像古英語中一些繁瑣的詞格消失一樣。由此可知，麥荷特認為正式英語的退化只是語言發(fā)展中的自然現象，故選B項。12、Theword"talking"(Para.3)denotesA、modesty.B、personality.C、liveliness.D、informality.標準答案：D知識點解析：含義題。根據第三段第一句可知，“走自己的路”這一對事物真實性和個人性的崇高信條，已經使正式演講、寫作、詩歌及音樂消亡了，即正式英語已經在退化了。最后一句指出，無論是在書面還是在口語英語中，talking要勝過speaking，spontaneity(即興發(fā)揮)也要勝過craft(精心準備)。由此可知，talking之于speaking就類似于spontaneity和craft的對比，“即興發(fā)揮”就是使用非正式的語言，“精心準備”代表使用正式的語言。因此talking與speaking的對比也就是非正式和正式英語語言應用的對比，talking代表的就是非正式英語，故選D項。13、TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?A、Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.B、BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.C、Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.D、Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.標準答案：A知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據第四段最后一句可知，麥荷特先生認為我們盡管說話不規(guī)范，但這不一定就會讓我們的思考變得不準確，也就是，他認為邏輯思維和說話方式不是有必然聯系的。所以選A項。14、ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’sA、interestintheirlanguage.B、appreciationoftheirefforts.C、admirationfortheirmemory.D、contemptfortheirold-fashionedness.標準答案：B知識點解析：推斷題。根據第五段的內容，作者首先描述了俄羅斯人愛好背誦詩歌以及意大利的政客們傾向于精心準備演講。作者用這些例子來說明以下觀點，即“麥荷特為那些雖不實用卻很美好的事物的消逝而哀嘆”。經過分析得知，在作者的眼里，“俄羅斯人愛好背誦詩歌”和“意大利的政客精心準備演講”都屬于這些“雖不實用卻很美好的事物”。由此可以推知，作者對俄羅斯人的做法是抱著欣賞態(tài)度的，表達的是對美好事物消逝的哀嘆，故選B項。15、Accordingtothelastparagraph,"paperplates"isto"china"asA、temporaryisto"permanent".B、radicalisto"conservative".C、functionalisto"artistic".D、humbleisto"noble".標準答案：C知識點解析：推斷題。根據第五段第二、三句可知，麥荷特先生并不覺得正式英語是不可或缺的，也并沒提出徹底的教育改革——他只是為那些“雖不實用卻很美好的事物”的消逝而哀嘆，如今我們過多地用非正式英語去替代正式英語。這雖然令人慚愧，但已經無法避免。由此可知，作者用“紙盤子”和“瓷盤子”來比喻正式英語的退化，聯系上文可以推知，“紙盤子”指的是那些“實用卻不美好”的事物，即非正式英語；“瓷盤子”則是指那些“不實用卻美好”的事物，即正式英語，故選C項。Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandthengohome.Between1908and1915,about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,"uccellidipassaggio",birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasalienstobekickedout.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon'tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday'sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,"moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes,includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.16、"Birdsofpassage"referstothosewhoA、findpermanentjobsoverseas.B、leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.C、immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.D、stayinaforeigncountrytemporarily.標準答案：D知識點解析：細節(jié)題。文章第一段即出現了birdsofpassage。第一段最后一句話為Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname，“uccellidipassaggio，”birdsofpassage。此句中They指代前一句的Aboutaquarter…forgood，也就是指那些在移民地工作了一段時間又返回家鄉(xiāng)的人們，因此D項“在外國短暫停留的人們”正確。A項“在海外找到了永久工作的人們”、B項“為了某種好處離開家鄉(xiāng)的人們”、C項“跨越大西洋移居的人們”均與文章不符。17、ItisimpliedinParagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheUSA、needsnewimmigrantcategories.B、hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.C、shouldbeadaptedtomeetchallenges.D、hasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeans.標準答案：C知識點解析：推斷題。第二段中提到了ourbrokenimmigrationsystem(支離破碎的移民體系)和最后一句“然后我們可以開始解決移民的挑戰(zhàn)”，可以知道美國當前的移民體系問題與挑戰(zhàn)并存。然后根據文中兩個Weneedto…Wecanrecognize…thenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges可知答案為C項“應適應新的挑戰(zhàn)”。A項“需要新的移民種類”與原文相反，B項“放松了對移民的控制”原文未提及。D項“已經通過政治手段修復”，原文只是說在如何修復當前的移民體系這個問題上存在長期的政治癱瘓，可見還沒有在政治上找到修復的辦法。18、Accordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewantA、financialincentives.B、aglobalrecognition.C、opportunitiestogetregularjobs.D、thefreedomtostayandleave.標準答案：D知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據信號詞定位到第三段，可知今天的“候鳥”跟隨著工作、金錢、觀念的潮流在全球各個地方遷徙。原文中的prefer與題干中的want構成同義復現，因此正確答案為D項“留下和離開的自由”。stayandleave即是原文中的comeandgo。A項片面，吸引短暫移民者的不僅僅是金錢(financialincentives)，還有工作(work)和觀念(idea)。B項“全球的認可”、C項“得到一般工作的機會”原文均未提及。19、TheauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreatedA、asfaithfulpartners.B、withlegaltolerance.C、witheconomicfavors.D、asmightyrivals.標準答案：B知識點解析：推斷題。依據出題順序，本題答案從第四、五段中尋找。本題可用排除法。第四段“…withoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever”可見他們不必是faithful(忠誠的)，排除A項?！癢eneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthere”可見不是把他們看作rivals(對手)，排除D項。第五段提到我們應該適應這個新的移民世界，管理移民需要多種手段并產生多種結果，即我們對待新移民要包容，而不是簡單地排斥或是把他們僅看作經濟上的參與者，因此排除C項，選B項。20、ThemostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbeA、ComeandGo:BigMistakeB、LivingandThriving:GreatRiskC、LegalorIllegal:BigMistakeD、Withorwithout:GreatRisk標準答案：C知識點解析：主旨題。文章第二段第二句中提到“我們把新移民分成兩類：合法的和不合法的”，同時作者認為“我們需要超越合法與不合法的嚴格定義”，這說明從合法和不合法的角度對移民分類是錯誤的。整篇文章都是圍繞這個中心展開，因此答案選C項。BigMistake指的并非是移民留下或者離開，因此A項錯誤。B項和D項說的是Risk(風險)，原文并未提及?？佳杏⒄Z（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Allmenarecreatedequal,orsoreckonedThomasJeffersonashedraftedAmerica'sDeclarationofIndependencein1776.SubsequentAmericanshavehadreasontoquestionthefoundingfather.Sotoohavepeopleinthelandfromwhichthenewnationgaineditsfreedom.AmericaandBritainareamongthemostunequalcountriesintherichworldandBritain,atanyrate,ismoreunequalnowthanitwasagenerationago.ThatistheconclusionofastudycommissionedbyHarrietHarman,theequalitiesminister.ClassandmoneyhavealwaysstronglyaffectedhowpeopledoinlifeinBritain,withwell-heeledfamiliesbreedingaffluentchildrenjustastheoffspringofthedesperatelypoortendtoremainpoor.AllthatwassupposedtohaveceasedattheendoftheSecondWorldWar,withthebirthofawelfarestatedesignedtomeetbasicneedsandpromotesocialmobility.Butdespitedevotingmuchthoughtandmoremoneytoimprovingthelotofthepoor,governmentshavefailedtoboostthoseatthebottomofthepileasmuchasthoseatthetophaveboostedthemselves.Thenewstudy,ledbyJohnHillsoftheLondonSchoolofEconomics,found,forexample,thattherichesttenthofhouseholdsreceivedincomemorethanfourtimesthatofthepooresttenth;justagenerationago,itwasthreetimesasmuch.Internationally,onlysixofthe30membersoftheOECD,aclubofmainlyrichcountries,showgreaterinequality.Wealthisdistributedfarmoreunequallythanincome,withtherichesttenthinBritainholdingassetsworthalmost100timesthoseofthepoorest.Althoughthestudyfoundthatsomeofthewidestgapsbetweensocialgroupshavediminishedovertime,deep-seateddifferencesbetweenhavesandhave-notspersist,ruiningthelifechancesofthelessfortunate.Politiciansofallstripestalkupequalityofopportunity,arguingthatitmakesforafairerandmoremobilesociety,andamoreprosperousone.Thegoalofgreaterequalityofoutcomesalsohasitsboosters.In"TheSpiritLevel",epidemicdiseaseexpertsKatePickettandRichardWilkinsonclaimthatmoreequalsocietiesarehealthierthanunequalones,aswellashappier.Notallagree,butinacountrywheretheNationalHealthServiceaccountsforalmostafifthofpublicspending,itisworthconsidering.Thedifficultyarisesinputtingthesenotionsintopractice,throughseveretaxincreasesforthemiddleclassandwealthy,orexpandinggovernmentintervention.Thesehavenotrecentlybeenvote-winningpropositions,buttherecessionthatBritainisnowlimpingawayfrommayhavechangedthings.1、AccordingtoHarrietHarman,inBritain,A、inequalityhasdisappeared.B、therich-poorgaphasnarrowed.C、varioussocialinequalitiesspringup.D、theunequalsituationhasworsened.標準答案：D知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題。由HarrietHarman定位至第一段后半部分，其中④句講到英圍社會貧富差距比幾十年前更大，即不平等現象加劇了，D項與之相符。2、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?A、ClassandmoneydetermineeverythinginBritain.B、GapbetweenpoorandrichremainsafterWorldWarII.C、BasicneedsaremetinBritainthankstothewelfarepolicy.D、TheBritishgovernmentmakesfeweffortstohelpthepoor.標準答案：B知識點解析：段落理解題。從第二段整段可以看出，英國貧富差距的問題并沒有隨著政府的努力而消失，這個問題時至今日依然存在，而③句的But更是表明貧富差距并沒有因為二戰(zhàn)而結束，故選B項。3、JohnHills’studyhasfoundthatA、therichestreceiveincomefourtimesmorethanthepoorest.B、BritainisanOECDmemberwiththehighestrateofinequality.C、wealthdistributionismoreunequalthanincomedistribution.D、mostgapsbetweensocialgroupshavedisappearedovertime.標準答案：C知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題。由JohnHills’study迅速定位至第三段，該段③句指明英國財富的不均衡比收入不均衡更加顯著，C項與之相符,為正確答案。4、ItisindicatedinParagraph4thatBritishpoliticiansA、onlyindulgeinemptytalks.B、advocatefaireropportunities.C、boosttheequalityofoutcomes.D、ignoretherealneedofthepoor.標準答案：B知識點解析：推理判斷題。第四段②句表明，政客們都大肆宣揚機會均等能帶來更加平等、流動性更強和更加繁榮的社會．由此不難判斷B項為正確答案。5、KatePickettandRichardWilkinsonholdthatfairercountriesA、enjoyahigherlevelofwell-being.B、areoftenmoremobileandprosperous.C、featurestrongergovernmentintervention.D、canberealizedbyseveretaxincreases.標準答案：A知識點解析：事實細節(jié)題。由KatePickett和RichardWilkinson定位至第四段④句，該句中claim后面的that從句表明，生活在更加平等社會的人更健康．更愉快，故選A項。On26March,theItalianSenateapprovedabillthatwouldgivephysiciansinthecountrytherighttooverridethelivingwillsofpeoplewhoareinapersistentvegetativestate,andtotrytokeepthepatientsalivethroughartificialnutrition.Themeasurehascausedintensecontroversy.Manycountrieshavelaws,orestablishedcodesofmedicalpractice,thatprotecttheexpressedwishesofanindividualtodeclinetreatmentiftheybecomeseverelyincapacitatedandincapableofcommunicating.InmostUSstates,forexample,adoctormustnegotiatewithrelativesviaanethicscommitteeifheorshebelievesthatapatientincapacitatedinthiswaycouldbenefitfromadditionaltreatment.TheItalianbill,however,explicitlyallowsphysicianstooverrulesuchlivingwills.Italsodeclaresthatartificialnutritionisnotaclinicalintervention.Curiously,theproposedlawappliesonlytopatientsinthetypeofprolonged,deepcomaknownasapersistentvegetativestate,andnottothosewithother,similarlyincapacitatingillnesses.Thisisbecausethebillhasbeenpromptedbytherecentandmuch-publicizeddeathofEluanaEnglaro,whospent17yearsinavegetativestateafteracaraccidentattheageof21.Herfather,arguingthathisdaughterhadvoicedadesiretobeallowedtodieifincapacitated,hadpressedherreluctantdoctorstoceaseartificialfeeding.Heeventuallytooklegalaction,winninginonecourtafterthenextinfightingoffallthedoctors'appeals.InFebruary,hefinallyhadhermovedtoahospitalthatwaspreparedtoremovethefeedingtube.PrimeMinisterSilvioBerlusconiissuedanemergencydecreetoblocktheprocess,buttheItalianpresidentrefusedtosignit.TheconstitutionalcrisiswasavertedwhenEnglarodiedon9February.SurveyshaveindicatedthatalargemajorityofItaliansdonotsupporttheideathatlivingwillscouldbeignoredButmostrelevantscientificsocietieshavebeenquietTheFederationofItalianPhysicianspublishedonlyamildstatement,aftertheSenatevote,suggestingthatitshouldhavebeenconsulted.AstragicasEnglaro'ssituationwas,media-fuelledemotionisnotagoodbasisforlawmaking.TheItalianconstitutionsaysthatnoonecanbeforcedtoundergomedicaltreatmentwithouthisorherapproval.TheItalianparliamentmustnowensurethatthebillisimbuedwithasuitablelevelofscientificandlegalsophistication,andthatitmeetsthisconstitutionalprovision.Discussionneedstoembracetherequestedwiderconsultationwiththemedicalcommunityandprovisionsshouldbemadeforcare-givers'conscientiousobjection.Butaphysicianwhoseconscienceprecludeshisorherpersonallyremovingafeedingtubeshouldnothavethelastsayinthelifeordeathofapatientwhosewishesareclearlystated.6、Theword"override"(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeansA、protect.B、scorn.C、ignore.D、respect.標準答案：C知識點解析：詞義理解題，這類題型需要根據上下文推斷出詞義。本段講到法案規(guī)定醫(yī)生有權——病人的死亡意愿，而下段講到此法案引起了激烈爭論，因為很多國家支持個人放棄治療的意愿，兩者意思相反，故判斷此處是賦予醫(yī)生“忽視”病人意愿的權力，C項正確。7、InParagraph2,USstatesarecitedasanexampletoshowthatA、theexpressedwishesofanindividualareprotectedbylawsorcodesofmedicalpractice.B、adoctormustdiscusswithrelativesofthepatientwhenprovidingadd