Compost Toilets堆肥廁所設(shè)計建造 3

1/1CompostToilets堆肥廁所設(shè)計建造3____I,-~

l__FIGURE3.333ClarkfoundedtheAlternativeWasteTreatmentAssociationandpublishedtheCompostToiletNewsuntilrecently.itisrecommendedtocontactZandyformaterialsandsystemsspecifications.Haiswellinformedoncomposttoiletsandismwillingtosharehisknowledgewithothers.Itisworthreiteratingthattheurinediverterkeepsthepiledrier,allowingoperationincolderbuildingsandusebymOrepeople.Useofurinedivertersrequiresthatmenbeseated,whichmaybedistastefultosomemen.Warnen,however,wi11appreciatethedryseat.Theamountofbeveragesconsumedbytheusersiscritical.Forexample,alcoholicandcaffinatedbeveragesmakeformoreurine.Ifthismoisturecantevaporate,thepilebecomestoowet,coolsandturnsanaerobic.Again,urineseparationmakesheavydrinkerslessbothersome.Zandysconvincedthatcomposttoiletswithouturinedivertersorsometypeofdrainmechanismareseverely1imited.ILTHEMAINETANKlnformtion:PeggyHughesMaineCompostDeerIsle,ME04627(207)348-6687TheHaineTank(poured-in-placeconcretetank)1ssmallerthananyprefabricatedunitonthemarketandcostslessthan$900,excludinglabor.Materialscostunder$500(1978),whichcanbereducedbyrecyclingsomematerialssuchassheetmatai,existingchimneysforventing,etc.Theunitaccamnodatasthreepcoplswithcontinuoususeandcanbein-stalledinaoneortwo-storyhome.Thebackupsystemconsistsofleachingchambers(aconcreteboxwrthoutabottomorends.,about13X5X2)andcostsabout$200.Treatthetankofthissystemasyouwouldagardencompostheap;sprinklewithhardwoodsawdustorfineshavings(peatmoss,grassclippings,choppedhay)aftereachuse.Aftersomemonths,theinsectpopulationwillstabilizeandspiderswilltakecareofflylarvae.Iffliesareaproblemusesparinglyanorganicpesticide(hargata,pyrenoneornicotine)insidethetank;youdonotwanttoki11thecanpostIngorgan1smo.Usesawdustafter,garbagedeposits,es-peciallyinrusxnertfme;ithelpstocontroltheinsecteggsthatcomeinthehouseonfreshfruitsandvegetables.Rawmaterialsmustberakeddownandpokedonceamonthduringthefirstyearandlessfrequentlyafterthat.Al1constructionmustbefIreproof.for$10(completeinstructions).EnginesringplansareavailableTheseplansaredesignedforpeoplewithsomebuildingexperience.Itisassumedthatthebuilderknowshowtocutthroughfloorsandwallsandthatthebuilderwillreadagoodbookonwater-proofconcretebeforebeginning.Thisc-stingtoiletisoneofthefewthatpermitsthetoilettobeplacedinanexistingsecond-storybathroom.Ofcourse,thisdesignrequiresadditionallengthsofplumbing,butforthosewhohavehang-upsaboutcom-posttoiletsbeingconfusedwithouthouses,thisisprobablytheanswer.34FIGURE3.435FIGURE3.5:SecondFloorApplicationofMaineTankPeggyHughesinformationpacketontheMaineTankisdetailedandex-pticit.Aswithothercompostingtoiletsystems,deviationfromrecommendedpracticesusuallycreatesproblams.TheMaineTank,whenusedproperly,isrelativelymaintenancefreeandisoneofthefewmodelswhichisfireproofed.E.BATCHCOMPOSTERlnformation:AppalachianMountainClubCorham,NH03581Attn:EdwardL.Spencer(603)466-2721Thebatchcomposterisdesignedtotreatsmallvolumesofwastequickly.Itworkswith,butisseparatefrom,anouthouse,andwastemustbetrans-ferredfromonetotheother(seebelow).Totalcostforinstallation,in-cludingtransportationtositewithoutouthouseis$155;withouthouseandtransportation,$1000to$1200.NecessarymaterialsincludefiberglasssandwichedinawOOdenframe(top),3exteriorgradeplywood(sidesandbottomnotfiberglassed),perforatedaerationtubesofPVC,hooksandeyes.Theunitweighsabout75pounds.FIGURE3.6:..--Thisunitcanaccorrmbdate60overnightvisitorspersiteor200visitorsperseason(300gallonsoftreatedwaste),andshouldbeinstalledatcamp-sites.Compostusingabarkbulkingagentisrequiredformaintenance.Theunitneedsregularbutnotcontinuousattentionandrequiresamanager(some-onetogettothesitetomaintainthecompostprocess.Fecesfromtheout-housedropintothecollectionchamberwheretheyaremixedwiththebulkingagentat10gallonor90poundintervals.Temperatureof140Ffor36hoursshouldbemaintainedandcompostmustbeallowedtorestforsevenmoredays.Handlingisrequired.Insectproblemscanbecontrolledbycoveringallinletventsandpipeswithfinemeshscreeningandkeepingthetoiletseatclosedwithatightseal.Ifinsectproblemspersist,spraydilutedpyrethrin(organicpesticide)onthecmstpile.Fliesusuallyindicatethatthepileistoowet.Allowadrycrusttoformonthesurfaceofthepiletofurtherdiscourageodorsandflies.Materialmustbetransferredfromtheouthousetothebincornposterwhen-everapproximately10gallonsofwastehaveaccumulated.Add40poundsofdryingmaterialsandfoodscraps.Twoturnings,atsevendayintervals,arerequlred.Removecompostedmaterialsandletthemdrysotheycanbereusedasabulkingagent.Haterialcanbestored.Start-uprequirementsinvolveaddingatwo-to-three-inchlayerofdryingmaterialsuchasbarktothecollectioncontainerandslidingitundertheprW-Thislayerwillabsorbliquidandreduceodors.Itrequireshighcellulosecontentmaterials.Theendproductcanbereusedforcompostingfreshwastesorturnedontotheforestfloor.F.BINCOMPOSTERInformation:NortheasternForestExperimentStationForestrySciencesLab.ConcordPostRoadP.O.Box640Durham,NH03824(603)868-5576Attn:RayLeonardThebincomposterisafiberglass,leak-proofboxtobeusedatback-countrysheltersitesinconjunctionwithprivies.Thetotalcostforin-stallationis$85to$100.NecessarymaterialsforconstructionIncludeFiberglass,exteridrgradeplywood,stocksoftwood/hardwood,nails,polyesterrepin,hooksandeyes,ftberglassmat,andtwoperforatedPVCtubes.Noretrofittingisrequired.Thisfree-standingunitcanaccommodatefiveormOrepersons/night.AerobicandthernmphIlicprocessesareaidedbyusinghardwooddebarkerwasteformaintenancetoeliminateodor,absorbmoistureandprovldenu-trientstothedecomposingmicro-organisms,Noinsectproblemshavebeenindiicad.Itusesasolarpanelwhichhelpstoreduceliquidbuild-upthroughevaporation.38I,,FIGURE3.7Matertalscollectedintheprivycontainermustbedumpedintothecomposterbinwhenfuii,whIti-c!epenc+uponfrequencyofprivyusage--approximtely20-plusdays.Start-upcriteriaincludecloseproximityoraccesstoaprivy,andthermneyandmaterialstoconstructthecomposterbin.Theendproductcanbescatteredontheforestfloororusedtoreconditionthesoilinwornareas(campsitesandalongtrails).Thiscomposterbinhasaten-yearlifetimeandthistypeofsystemappearstobejustwhatthedoctororderedforbackcountrycampsites.ItcouldprobablybeusedatremotesummerhomesIfregularmaintenancewereprovided.Maintenanceisthemajordrawback;however,ifsanitarypre-cautions(e.g.rubbergloves)aretaken,thisshouldntposetoomuchofaproblem.39G.BIORECYCLERlnformation:Bio-Recycler5308EmeraldDriveSykesville,MD21784f;;795-2607:JeremyCrissTheBio-Recyclereffectivelyblendsmodernandappropriatetechnologies.JeremyCrisshasputatleasttwentyyearsofexperienceintoperfectingthiscompostingtoilet.Thesireandshapeofthecompostingcontainermakemajorretrofittingunnecessary.Thecompostingcontainertakesupaboutthesameamountofspaceasalargehotwaterheaterorfurnace(threefootdiameterby66height).TheonlyretrofittingistoreplacetheregularflushtoiletwiththeBfo-Recyclerunit.Theunitisventedthroughthewallratherthanthroughtheroofandisscreenedtopreventflyinginsectsfromenteringthecontainer.Totalcostforinstallationisapproximately$1600.MaterialslistandmaterialscanbeobtainedfromtheBio-Recyclersupplier.Theunituses110voltelectricity.Powerisneededonlywhenthetoiletsvacuumpumpisinuse.Theunitrequiresnofan,heatingcoilsorelements.Itisnotrecom-mendedforrecreationaluseorpart-timeoccupancyhomesorpublicfacilities,asitrequiresmaintenance,anddrying-outcannotbepermitted.Thefecesarebrokenupandaeratedduringthefirstfewseconds,astheunitusesahighvelocityvacuumdeliverysystemthattransportsexcrementfromthetoilettothecompostingcontainer.Eachtimethetoiletisused,aboutfourouncesofwaterisusedtorinsedownthesidesandkeeptheactualtoiletcleanandfreeofcontaminatingmaterialswhichattractflies.Theadditionoffourouncesofwateralsoservestoeffectivelyreducefirehazards.However*warningsagainstaddingcigarettesandhotashesshouldbePosted.Kitchengarbageisaddedthroughtheloadinghatchdirectlyintothecompostingcontainer.Asmaterialsbreakdown,theydropintothelowercontainer(whichtakesseveralpeopleseveralyearstofill.Accordingtotriss,thesystemhasnoproblemswithodors,flyinginsectsorurinebuild-up*Andthecompostcontainerhousesredworms(Eiseniafoetida)inthelowerchamber.Theredmrmseattheaeratedfeceswhichhasbeenmixedwithkitchenwasteandbrokendowntothepointwheretheheatofdecompositiondoesntkillthem.Thesewormsfunctionthesameinthecompostingcontainerastheydooutdoorsorincompostbins.Theresultingcompostisrichinworms,castingsandcapsules,whichcanberemovedasneededandusedinthegarden.iaboratorytestingisrecommendedasthewormsmayhaveconcentrationsofheavymetalsintheirbodiesorintheircastingsandthesemetalconcentra-tionsmayhavetoxiceffectsonthehumanbody.Urineflowsthroughtheupperandlowerchambersanddrainsintoacompostteabucket.Thisliquidisacombinationofurine,waterandanyliquidrunofffromtheaeratedfecesandkitchenwaste.Thecompostteaisodorlessandalmostblackincolor.ItisrecommendedthatthePotentialbuyercheckwiththelocalhealthdepartmenttofindouthowthecampostteashouldbecollected,storedandultimatelyused(ordisposed).Usuallyitiscollectedina5gallonplasticbucket.Itcanalsobeusedasanindoorplantandoutdoorornamentalplantfertilizerand/orappliedtooutdoorcompostpi1es.Thecompostteaalsoisbeneficialinseptictanksbecauseofthenutrientsitsuppliestotheanaerobicprocess.TheRio-Recyclereffectivelyeliminatesodorsbykeepingthevacuumtubetothecompostfngchamberclosedexceptduringuse.Inadditiontothetubewhichisonlyopendurtnguse,theBio-Recycler1sventedtotheoutsidethroughthewall.Thisvent1sscreenedtokeepoutflyinginsects.Thecornpostingcontainerisequippedwithanobservationwindow.Throughit,flyinginsectscanbeseenandtheheightofthecontainercontentscanbechecked.Noinsectsflyinthevicinityofthecontainer.Thevacuumaerationsystemprovidesenoughairtosustainthemintheirenviron-naent.Hr.CrissisconsideringofferingtheBio-Recyclerinkitform.Orderswouldincludesomepre-formedpartsandtheunitwouldrequiresomeassembly.Nopricehasbeenaffixedtothekitatthistime.However,itwillaffordthekitpurchaseraconsiderablesavingswhencomparedtothepre-assembledBio-Recycler.41APPENDIXAThefollowingreportwaswrittenbyJonAverillofHinton,VestVirginia.UndercontractwithTheNationalCenterforAppropriateTechnoIogy,Averiiiconstructedawood-framecompostingtoiletforalow-incomefamilyinWestVirginia.Thisreportisasummaryofhisconstructiondetails,includinganoptionschartandmaterialschecklist.SIJHRARV:YOODFRMECOnPOSTINGTOiLETGeneraldescription:Thisunitisdesignedtobebuiltonsitewithcommonlyavailablemat-erials.ithasaCltvus-typeslopedbottom,andisconstructedofwoodandferro-cementforseveralreasons:::boxcanbewellinsulatedferro-cementhasadegreeofelasticitytoresistcracking3.madlumallowsagreatdealofdesignfreedomRatrofttrequtrements:Unitislarge:itrequires4~6x8ft.ofspaceforinstallation,andconsiderablymoreroomfortheconstructionprocess.Numberofpersonsunitcanaccomodate:Recormnendedforfourpeoplefulltime.Typeofstructureinwhichthetoiletistobeinstalled:Uesignedprimarilyforbasementorattachmenttohouse;basictechniquecanbeusedinafree-standingprivy.Unitisnotpracticallyconstructedinacrawlspace.42Dauporgreywatersystem:Unftusesadrainandseparateurinal;sofarwerecommendbackupsystembeareduced-siteseptictankandleachfield,andtoileteffluentbealsofedintothesystem.Hatntenancerequrrements:Dailyaddtttonsofkitchengarbageanddryflushmaterial(peatmdss,agedsawdust,choppedstraw,forestsoil).pflewithastick(seepg.12).Monthly15minutepokingoftheMonthlyserviceoftheflytrap(2min.).:After2years,emptyingeverythreemonths.Insectproblemsandcontrolmethods:EntireinsideofunitTsblack.Insectsflyintoanattachedwindowboxandarepoisonedwithchemicalno-peststrip.Frequencyinhandlingrawmaterialsandendproducts:Pokerawmatteronceamonthwtth.astick.Emptyendproductsonceeverythreemonths(approx.1Dgal.)after2yearstart-up.Start-uprequiremnts:Usesixinchesofnon-sterilepeatmoss,forestsot\,etc.acrossen-tfrebottomofcontainer.Coverdrainwithgravelandstraw.lkeofendproduct:Afterburlalunder6ofsol1untilconsideredsafe(1year);useonnon-foodcrops.Disadvantagesofthiswood-frameunit:Thicosttrhtgh;theatrsystemcompllcatsdtobuild,Woodincontactwtthtbgroundcanbeproblemmttc.Thisdesigncanbehqwovedupon;itisinnowaycmstderadthefinalwordInwood-frametoiletdrslgns.ItshouldBsvtawadasastagptngstonetowardnweafftclentdesign.Costfortoiletrnstaltatton:$400to$500dependinguponmaterialsused;addtothisthecastofgreywater-blackwatertreatmentsystem.B.C.CONSTRUCTIONPROCEDURE:tFoundation:2716poundsweightofcompost1500poundsmightoftollet4216poundstotalweightofloadedunitUnitshouldbebuiltonexlstingbasementslab;18inchesofgravel;orapoured5xgfcmting,6inchesthickaroundperimeterand4inchesincen-ter.Use44gallonswaterpersackofportlandcement,and2partssand,3partsgravel(lfinchesaggregate).18.75cubicft.concrete-.7cubicyd.Htxsandandcememtfirst,addwaterandthengravel(inthiswaycementgains11%moretensilestrength).Usepolyethyleneunderslabandwirereinforce-mentsandwichedwlthin.Frame:Buiidstudsections.Usetemporarydiagonalsonsidesandnailbottomsectionstothesides.PuttopononlyafterunitisInplace(lapplywoodappropriately).Caulkal1seams.Interior:Havepipeg(alrducts)cuttofitandslidetheminplaceaftercementhascured(keepwet)fortwodays.Sealthepipesastheyexitfromtheboxwithsillconecaulkingandblackasphalt.Preparebafflesout-sideandInsertthemlast.Hostotherconstructiondetailscanbegatheredfromtheblueprlnts.Basfccarpentryandmasonryskillsarerequired.Refertothelistedcrl-terratoknowwhatcondftronsmustbeachieved(i.e.,air-tight,motsture-proofbolt).Usemateriallistasaguideforconstructionsequence.WQTETODESIGNERSMDBUILDERS:Atthetimeofpublicationourflrstunit1sawaltingcementwork.Manyhoursofplannlnghamgonelntothedesignofthisunit,butweourselveshaventcompletedroundoneyet,duetolackofresourcesandtime.YearesoontobeginburldInganotherunitandplantousethewoodframacunpostlngtotletplansonlyasaguide.Donottaketheseplansas%=F-0useyourheads,andfindwaystostmpltfyand-rcpontheesgn,wfthoutsacriffc!ngthenecessarywatertightshalletc.Considertheseposslbiltttes:1.ElMnatebattomstudsections;buildsidewallontoslab,nailwirethroughvfgidinsulationandontoslab.Buildanairstaircasewithdouwardrlopfngsteps;slopeslabforliquiddratnage.Buildstair-casewith1galvanizedpipeorheavyrebarwrappedwithdiamondmeshandcoatedcement=(similartoHaxKroshellIsnewunitatFarallones).2.Usecementblockandanairstaircasetechnique--fillblockwithcon-creteandInsulateGItheoutsideofslabandblocksoalltheconcreteactsasheatstorage.(PaulGallmoreinNorthCarolinaisdesigningone.)3.Expandmodframedes!gntoaccamdate2-4canodes;partitionbetweenthechambers.HakehaifofthechambersInactivehalf-ofthetime;follouarotationprocedureslmllartoFarallonesvaultprivy.OPTIONSTrlelunitRecommendedconstruction$Otheroptionsenterlota)l-inchtreatedplywoodbottomb)blackfiberboardsheathingonwallsandtopc)61mi1polyethylened)aluminumnewspaperprfntplates,caulkedbetweensheetlaps.I)asphsltcoatings-e)$-Inchstalnedorcreosotedplywoodnalledoverpolyethylene;caulkseamsWhattoavoidb-e)tarpaper,chickenwire,stucco(appliedinplace)a-b)l-inchboards(heavy)Wetriedcoattngfiberboardwithacommerbial-fiberglass-cementmix;WCthoughtthiswouldstrengthentheboardandmakeItseamless,verminproof.Coatingpeeledoffinsheets.Inventorhadsuccessusingwhiteglueforbonding;wewereinhotsun...furtherexperimentscouldbringbetterresultsbut...?aeratIona)three3-inchPVCthickwallpipescutoutInbottom;runthroughwallatupperendofchamberanddowntothebaffleb)afrinducedtothesetubesthrough4-Inchpipetokitchenccl1ingc)summertimeoutsldeatrfntakeopt.d)4-InchventstackwfthItalianmadeplasticbarrelfane)insulatedattlcareawithblackroof(ventpipespassthrough)f)16-Inchwfndturbineonroofd)besttousea6-inchventplpewithaconstantoperating,longlife,moistureresistant11-15wifghtfan,strappedinsidearemovablesectiona)airstairsteptechniqueb)naturalthermosiphoning(createdraftfromhotairrising)a)thlnwallpipes;perforateddraintflepipes;anypipesplacedfnsuchawayastoimpedeflowofthepileb)directcoldalrinputc)tnstallationwithoutafanwhereelectricityIsavailableapproximatetotalcost$300$500$400OPTIONSTrialunltRecommendedconstructionOtheroptionsWhattoavoidsitepreparstIona)preparelevel-surfacedpitwhereunltfstobeplacedb)fillwith1-inchgravelc)slIdeunltinplaced)partiallyburywithdratntileontopundsidea)excavateandlevelsiteb)pourreinforced-slabfootirrg5x9,6inchesthickaroundperimeterand4inchesthickincentera-d)useexistingbasementslablf-footgravelbedforafreestandingunituseblockorpressuretreatedfoundationonappropriatefooting,orpolefoundationdirectcontactofwoodtothegroundunlessitispressuretreatedandseamstightlysea1edframea)rough2x6son164nchcenterscreosotedb)R-19flberglassa)planed2x6’~on160Inchcenterscreosotedb)R-19fiberglassa)planedorrough2x4son169inchcenters,creosotedb)flameretardantfoamorsheetinsulationgreenlumberinframe:shrlnkagecouldcrackthecement,moistureinsealedwallscouldstartrotcellulosehardtoinstallandsettles,itisnotappropriateforsmallframedcompartmentsinteriora)flberedpaper(lumberwrappingfreefromIum-beryard)b)inchextendeddiamondmeshattachedwlthgalv,roofnailsc)coatwithmasonrycement,sandconcretemixd)ThorosealBlockSealero)blackroofcoatingsameastrialunita)tarpaperdonotdpplycementmixlf!tislikelytofreezedur-ingthefirsttwodaysS-laMaterialsList:wFramedtpostingToiletmaterialport1andcementmediumgradesandlhinchaggregate6milpolyethylenereinforcementwire2x6s8length(planed)2x6s.12length(planed)2x4s.8length160pennynailsR-19Fiberglassinsulationcreosote9Plywoodgalvanizedsidingnailscaulkingcompoundfiberedpaper$.x:~~~dlamndmesh(gal-1galvanizedrtiflngnailsstaples(stapleguntype,f)amsonrycementThor0SealBlockSealerblackasphaltroofcoating1boards,6wide,12lengthsdraindrainline,3PVC,elbows3PVCthfckmll4PVCTs4to3PVCreducers204PVCthin-114PVC450LS6PVCcoup1lngs11-15wattlong1ifefancord,suspensionwire6PVC8stackcover,capsiliconecaulkscreen1hoard9lwidth,8lengthglassglue,putty,caulk,nailshingesmetalbrackets,screwsurinalconrnodeguantitY4bags3ton4ton25sq.yd.5x9::5pounds125(run)2gal8sheets5pounds3tubes150sq.ft.:pounds1package13sacks30pounds1gallon211024:2042111531tube:sqgftm53XlOli2sets4approx.approx.costf2$52$25$52$8$4:s$80if$0isi$1$5$9::lo$30f:$15ifsi$15;:$1$2$1$1$8$3$10$20purposefootingfootingandinteriorfootingfooting,exteriorfootingframeframeframeframeframeframe,exteriorexterior,chute,baffleexteriorexteriorinteriorinteriorinteriorinterforinteriorinteriorinteriorinterlotinteriorlinetoleachfieldinteriorairductsairconnectionboxairconnectionboxairintakeairintakefanassemblyfanassembiyfanassembventstackventstackinterioraairintakefly-trapfly-trapfly-trapYrductsandexhaustfly-trap,doorbaffles47Infestationbygerm-carryingflieshasbeenamajorproblemofcorncostingto1lets.theyFliesarenotharmfulinthetoilet,buttheycausetroublewhenleavethecompostandentertheroom,attractedbythelightabovetheseat.So:WepaintedtheundersideofaToa-Throneseatandthecamnodelinerblackastolimitreflectionoflight,thenaddedthisflytrap.Results:thefliesarenotalldead,buttheyareundercontrol.FruitfliesaretheleastapttobeattractedtotheByeByeFlyTrap;housefliesalmostalNaysenteranddie.Ml1havemoreinformationlater(i.e.typesandquantitiesofflies,effectsofdifferentwattageorcoloroflights).AlsoweplantrapsforothercmrclaimodelssuchasClivus,Humus,andHuiibank.Youshouldbeabletoeasilyadapttheseplanstofitahomemadewaterlesstoilet.Weareinterest-edinyourexperiments,andwewelcomenodificationsonourplans.HowtoBuildtheByeByeFlyTrap(forunder$2)Haterials:*oneplasticgallonmilkjugwithsomewhatfiatsides*onemargarineorsimilarplasticboat(anon-crackableplasticwitha7diameter,4-5deep,andatight-fittinglid*snm\ipieceofglass,approximately4x5*caulkingask:ngtape*no-peststrip*12nylonfish1lne*night1ight,orrefrigeratorilght(15wattbulb),socketTools:solderinggun,sharpknife,scrapstripsofplasticforweldingrodsHowto:WithaToa-Throne,cutthehandlesectionoutoftheinspectionopening1id.Thisishardplasticbutitcanbecut(socanyourhandbecareful).Thentakethelidtotheplasticfoodcontainer,placeit,topdown,onthetopofthetoiletlid.Slowlymeltastripofplastic(l/8inchwide)tojoinbothlids.Youcanachieveanairtight%eld.Besuretomeltallthreesurfacesevenlysothattheywillbondtogetherintoonepieceofplastic.Cutoutthecenterofthefoodcontainerlid,approx.5dia-meter.Cutoutthebottomofthefoodcontainerwithaholeslight-lysmaller(393P).Nowweldthefoodcontainerbottomtothesideofthemlikjug(careful:milkingwailsarethinandmeltthrougheasily).Hakeairtight.Cutaholeinthemilkjugthroughthebottomofthefoodcontainer.Hakeitthesamesize.Cutaholeinthejugontheoppositeside,thesamesizeorsllghtlyswiler.Edgetheholewithcaulkingcompound.Putthesmallpieceofclearglassonthecaulk.NeatlywrapmaskingtapearaundthejugintwoplacestotightlyholdtheglasstotheJug.HountthelightinsuchawaythatitwillnotburntheJugortape,butonlytouchestheglass.(Tapedorsuspendedovertheglass.)Quarteranopeststrip.Putasmallholeinit,threadwiththenylonline.Secureitlnthemouthofthejugbyrunningthetinethroughthetopofjugaspictured,andtietohandle.Replaceeverymonthwithafreshno-pestquarter.Hakesurethejuglid,likeeverythingelse,Isairtight.Puttheinspectionlldsectioninplace,thenattachtrapsec-tion,snappingitintotheinvertedcontainerlid.Toemptytrap,shakefliesfromjug.Fliesmaybetoochemicallycontaminatedtoputintoilet.Fliesenteringthetrap~111dieinabout30seconds.Thestripwillnotradiateenoughpoisonintothechamberofthetoilettodamagethecompost.49REFERENCES1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.Fox,John,etalEpidiemiology,ManandDisease,MacflillianCo.,197023.ClivusMultrum,TroubleShootinqManual,14AEliotStreet,Cambridge,MAWarshall,Peter,SepticTankPractices,MesaPress,1976NationalSanitationFoundation,WastewaterRecycle/ReuseandWaterConservationSystems.StandardNumber41,November1978,AnnArbor,MichiganStoner,CarolHipping,ed.GoodbyetotheFlushToilet,RodalePress,Inc.,1977Weize,Paul,ScienceofBiology,2ndedition,McGrawHillBook,Co.,NewYork,1963Nesbitt,Patti,NCATPublication#,Greywater,1979Daniels,Ida,NCATPublication#,SourceSeparationBibliography,1979Gotaas,Harold,Composting,SanitaryDisposalandReclamationofOrganicWastes,WorldHealthOrganization,Geneva,Switzerland,1956Golueke,Clarence,Compostinq,AStudyoftheProcessandItsPrinciples,RodalePress,Inc.,Emus,PA,1972Wagner,Edmund6J.N.Lanoix,ExcretaDisposalforRuralAreasBSmallCormsunities,WorldHealthOrganization,1958Clark,Zandy,AlternativeWasteTreatmentAssociation,StarRoute3,Bath,ME,WrittenandPersonalCommunication,MarchcApril,1978Averi