現(xiàn)在分詞做定語

非謂語動(dòng)詞分詞使用原則:

當(dāng)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間沒有連詞時(shí)，需要將其中一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。[注意]:連詞可以分為(1)并列連詞(and,but,or)(2)從屬連詞(because,when,before,if等)(3)關(guān)系連詞(定從，名從連接詞)判斷下面句子的正誤Isattherefeltfrustrated.()x根據(jù)提示改錯(cuò)加上并列連詞

Shesattherebutfeltfrustrated.2.加上從屬連詞Shesattherebecauseshefeltfrustrated.3.加上關(guān)系連詞SheSatthere,whofeltfrustrated.變?yōu)榉侵^語動(dòng)詞Shesatthere,feelingveryfrustrated.現(xiàn)在分詞形式時(shí)態(tài)/語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般時(shí)doingBeingdone完成時(shí)HavingdoneHavingbeendone完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Havingbeendoing無過去分詞形式:done否定形式:在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加

not注意：完成式不能用來作定語。

分詞意義doing:與所修飾詞構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系/時(shí)態(tài)上表示正在進(jìn)行，表示狀態(tài)beingdone:與所修飾詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系/時(shí)態(tài)上表示正在進(jìn)行havingdone:與所修飾詞構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系/時(shí)態(tài)上表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前且已經(jīng)完成；分詞意義havingbeendone:與所修飾詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系/時(shí)態(tài)上表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前且已經(jīng)完成havingbeendoing:與所修飾詞構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系/時(shí)態(tài)上表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前且未完；done:與所修飾詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系/時(shí)態(tài)上表示過去或者狀態(tài)；動(dòng)腦筋?。。⊥瓿少Y料上面的活動(dòng)：讀下面句子，劃出分詞作定語的部分，并總結(jié)出分詞作定語時(shí)它在句子中的位置及現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分析的區(qū)別用法。一、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語：

anamusingstorythelaughingaudience

swimmingpoor

readingroom

writingpaper

washingmachinetherisingsun

surprisingnewsthecomingschoolyear好笑的故事正在發(fā)笑的觀眾

游泳池閱覽室書寫紙洗衣機(jī)正在升起的太陽令人驚訝的消息下一學(xué)年1.過去分詞知多少驚恐的人們預(yù)留的座位被污染的水擁擠的教室打碎的花瓶關(guān)了的門疲憊的觀眾terrified/astonishedpeoplereservedseatspollutedwateracrowdedroomabrokenvaseacloseddoorthetiredaudienceTheboystandingunderthetree

站在樹下的男孩

Thegirleatinganapple

吃蘋果的女孩Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.這是一所建于二十世紀(jì)八十年代的學(xué)校。Aletterwritteninpencil.一封用鋼筆寫的信?？偨Y(jié)分詞作定語的用法：定語：用來修飾名詞或者

代詞

；被修飾的詞就是這個(gè)分詞的邏輯主語。單個(gè)分詞作定語時(shí)，常放在被修飾詞的

前面

;分詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞的后面。所以，定語又分為前置

定語和后置定語。過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞在做定語時(shí)的區(qū)別：過去分詞表示動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成；現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行

。thechangingworldthechangedworld（正在變化的）（變化了的）boilingwaterboiledwater（正在沸騰的）（已經(jīng)沸騰過的開水）adevelopingcountryadevelopedcountry(發(fā)展中的)（發(fā)達(dá)的）翻譯下面句子：fallingleavesfallenleaves正在飄落的樹葉落葉退休工人aretiredworker逃犯anescapedprisoner被盜的汽車astolencarTranslatethefollowingphrases:

(4)語法功能

現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。

1.ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.

Thebikewhichwasstolen

belongstoJack.

2.ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.

ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhang

isabouttheenvironmentprotection.

3.Chinaisadevelopingcountry

Chinaisacountrywhichisdeveloping.中國(guó)是個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。4.Studentswishingtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.

Studentswhowishtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.要去徒步旅游的學(xué)生在這里簽句。Isawasleepinggirlinthewaitingroom.

Isawagirlwhowassleepinginthewaitingroom.在候車室我看見一個(gè)熟睡的女孩。ThemantalkingwithourheadmasterisTom‘sfather.

ThemanwhoistalkingwithourheadmasterisTom'sfather.

正和校長(zhǎng)談話的那個(gè)人是湯姆的父親。1.Thechildrenwhoareplayingtheviolinwillgiveaperformancenextweek.Thechildren

theviolinwillgiveaperformancenextweek.2.Isawamanfrightenedbyasnake.Isawaman

byasnake.3.Hesawadogthatwascarryingapieceofmeatenteringyourgarden.Hesawadog

apieceofmeatenteringyourgarden.4.TherearemanynewEnglishwordsaddedtotheneweditionofthedictionary.TherearemanynewEnglishwords

totheneweditionofthedictionary.playingwhowasfrightenedcarryingthatareadded完成下列句子：5．現(xiàn)在分詞的意義1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：TheprofessorgivingaspeechaboutpollutionnowisfromHarvardUniversity.

正在做關(guān)于污染報(bào)告的教授來自哈佛大學(xué)。Studentswishingtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.=Studentswhowishtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.

要去徒步旅游的學(xué)生在這里簽句。=TheprofessorwhoisgivingaspeechaboutpollutionnowisfromHarvardUniversity.2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(being+過去分詞)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：ThefreewaybeingbuiltnowwillleadtoXingangSeaport.

正在建設(shè)的高速公路將直通新港碼頭。=ThefreewaywhichisbeingbuiltnowwillleadtoXingangSeaport.3)．現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式“having+過去分詞”不能作定語，此時(shí)可以用一個(gè)定語從句代替。如：你了解昨天發(fā)生的事故嗎?誤：Doyouknowanythingabouttheaccidenthavinghappenedyesterday?正：Doyouknowanythingabouttheaccidentthathappenedyesterday?贏得冠軍的中國(guó)女子排球隊(duì)于昨晚到達(dá)首都機(jī)場(chǎng)。誤：TheChineseWomenVolleyballTeamhavingwonthechampionshiparrivedattheCapitalAirportlastnight.正：TheChineseWomenVolleyballTeamthathadwonthechampionshiparrivedattheCapitalAirportlastnight.1.The____boywaslastseen___neartheEastLake.(2000Shanghai)A.missing,playingB.missing,playC.missing,playedD.missed,toplay2.Doyouknowtheboy____underthebigtree.A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying3.Seeingthesun___abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.A.toriseB.toraiseC.risingD.raising4._____thelastbusmeanswalkinghome.A.MissB.missedC.MissingD.IfmissingADCC1.Willyouattendthemeeting________onSaturday?A.heldB.beingheldC.tobeheldD.hold2.Thewoman____alessonisourteacher.A.givingB.givenC.togiveD.give區(qū)別還沒發(fā)生的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表主動(dòng)A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA解析

①過去分詞做定語：表被動(dòng)，表完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語：表主動(dòng)，表進(jìn)行。③不定式作定語：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.CA2.Iborrowedabook______byMarkTwainfromthelibrarylastweek.Ilikeitverymuch.A.writtenB.writingC.waswrittenD.towrite1.Didyouattendthemeeting______yesterday?A.tobeheldB.havingbeenheldC.heldD.beingheld1.Doyouknowtheboy____(lie)underthebigtree?2.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaidangrily_______(point)tothenotice.3Thewoman_____(sell)vegetableshasgone.4.Thewheatiswateredbywater_______(bring)fromapond.5.Heisaleader________(respect)bythepeople.lyingpointingsellingbroughtrespected一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.________manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.ToldC.HewastoldD.ThoughhehadbeentoldCA&D3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.TurnedACC二、分析邏輯主語1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.2.______Sunday，Ishallhaveaquietdayathome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.ItbeingCD三、分析語態(tài)______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.SeeAB3.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.4.______thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashedBD四、分析時(shí)態(tài)Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.builtCBD4.Hestoodthere______forhismother.5.______fortwohours,hewentaway.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitedD.Havingwaited6.Whatisthereasonfor______there?A.notyourgoingB.notyourgoC.yournotgoingD.younottogoADC1.______won'tbeofmuchhelp.A.Tom'sgoingB.TomgoingC.TomtogoD.Tomgoes2._____ateacher,Ishouldsetagoodexampletostudents.A.BeingB.HavingbeenC.TobeingD.AsIbeing3._____ateacher,onemustfirstbetheirpupil.A.BeingB.HavingbeenC.TobeD.Tohavebeen4.Theysuggested_____thesportsmeettillnextTuesday.A.ustoputoffB.ourputtingoffC.usofputtingoffD.weputoff5.Asthestonewastooheavytomove,Ileftit_____ontheground.A.layingB.layC.lyingD.lain.6.Tigers_____meat-eatinganimals,_____meat.A.belongedto;fedonB.belongingto;feedonC.werebelongedto;feedonD.belongingto;feedingonChangethefollowingcomplexsentencesintosimpleones.Doyouknowtheyoungmanwhoiswaitingoutsidetheschoolgate?=Doyouknowtheyoungman

waitingoutsidetheschoolgate?Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwiththecatthatislyingatthecornerofthestreet.=Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwiththecat

lyingatthecornerofthestreet.Canyoushowmeanywordwhichbeginswiththeletter“x”?=Canyoushowmeanyword