字幕-6的文檔資料

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Thereareghostsinthisplace.

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Youdon'tnoticethemrightaway.

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Atfirstglance,BinhamPrioryinNorfolk

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looksmuchlike

anyotherEnglishcountrychurch-

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plainandsimple,limestone,limewash.

Nothingfancy,really.

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00:00:37,369-->00:00:42,318

Butthenyoulookaroundandrealise

somethingelseisgoingonhere.

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Thatgrandiose,timber-vaultedroof.

Thosemulti-storeyarcades.

8

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Aren'ttheyalljustabittoobig

foraparishchurch?

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00:00:52,249-->00:00:54,240

Andthenyoustarttofillinthegaps,

10

00:00:54,409-->00:00:58,482

andbitbybitalostworldremakesitself,

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00:00:59,649-->00:01:04,006

aworldofmonksandmasses,

ofcolourandplainsong.

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Aworldofbrilliantimages.

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TheworldofCatholicEngland.

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Forcenturies,thisdidn'tsoundstrained.

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CatholicEnglandwasjustanotherway

ofsayingChristianEngland,really.

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Andthen,inageneration,

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itstoppedbeingatruism

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00:01:24,889-->00:01:27,722

andstartedbeingtreason.

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ImagesoftheVirgin,

theapostlesandthesaints

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oncecherishedandglorified,

werenowmockedandvandalised.

49

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Buteventhen,astoday,

noteverybodyapproved.

50

00:04:49,969-->00:04:53,325

Erasmus,theCatholic

scholarsuperstaroftheage,

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00:04:53,489-->00:04:55,480

camehereonamockpilgrimage

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andpouredscornontalesofsacredmilk

53

00:04:58,569-->00:05:01,800

andchapelsairmailedin

fromtheHolyLand.

54

00:05:01,969-->00:05:06,485

Buthiswastheminorityintellectualview,

safelyexpressedinLatin

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00:05:06,649-->00:05:09,527

andtolerated,

thoughnotnecessarilyendorsed,

56

00:05:09,689-->00:05:13,159

bymembersoftherulingTudordynasty.

57

00:05:20,209-->00:05:23,360

TheTudorswereregular

anddevoutpilgrims.

58

00:05:23,529-->00:05:26,885

HenryVIII,earlyinhisreign,

walkedbarefoottotheshrine,

59

00:05:27,049-->00:05:31,281

offeringanecklaceofrubies

anddedicatingagiantcandle

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00:05:31,449-->00:05:35,761

inthanksforthebirth

ofhisson,Henry,in1511.

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PrinceHenrydiedwithinweeks,

62

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buttheking'scandlecontinuedtoburn

attheshrineformanyyearstocome.

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00:05:55,689-->00:05:58,840

Whatastrangeworld

thisCatholicEnglandwas.

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Theurgeforrenewalandreform

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00:06:01,209-->00:06:05,441

sidebysidewiththeancient,thehallowed

andtheoccasionallyfraudulent.

66

00:06:05,609-->00:06:07,964

Butitseems

thatallapparentcontradictions

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couldbeaccommodated

underthecapaciousskirts

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oftheCatholicMotherChurch.

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00:06:15,929-->00:06:18,841

Andwhatamothershewas!

70

00:06:21,529-->00:06:25,488

CometoHolyTrinityChurch

atLongMelfordinSuffolk,

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00:06:25,649-->00:06:28,607

andyou'llseejustwhatImean.

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Thismagnificentbuilding

waspaidforwithSuffolkwoolmoney.

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00:06:34,289-->00:06:39,886

However,whatyouseetodayarejustthe

barebonesofwhatitwassupposedtobe.

74

00:06:42,929-->00:06:46,558

ButweknowwhatLongMelford

initssplendourwasreallylike

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thankstoanaccountleftbyRogerMartyn,

who'dbeenachurchwardenhere

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inthereignofEngland's

lastCatholicruler,QueenMary.

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Writingintheverydifferenttimes

ofQueenElizabeth,

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00:07:01,529-->00:07:05,204

RogerMartyn,

withamixtureofprideandregret,

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00:07:05,369-->00:07:10,682

setouttotellfuturegenerations

exactlywhattheyweremissing.

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00:07:12,969-->00:07:16,848

<i>Atthebackofthehighaltar</i>

<i>therewasagoodlymount</i>

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<i>carvedveryartificially</i>

<i>withthestoryofChrist'sPassion,</i>

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<i>allbeingfair,giltandlively</i>

<i>andbeautifullysetforth.</i>

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<i>Andatthenorthendofthesamealtar</i>

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<i>therewasagoodlygilttabernacle</i>

<i>reachinguptotheroofofthechancel,</i>

85

00:07:35,409-->00:07:40,437

<i>inwhichtherewasonefair,large,</i>

<i>giltimageoftheHolyTrinity,</i>

86

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<i>besidesotherfineimages.</i>

87

00:08:13,769-->00:08:16,920

ButMartyn'schurch

wasmorethanjustabuilding.

88

00:08:17,089-->00:08:20,798

Hedescribesalivingworld

ofprocessionsandfestivals,

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00:08:20,969-->00:08:25,599

ceremoniesandrituals

involvingthewholecommunity.

90

00:08:35,889-->00:08:41,043

Aboveallthispresidedthe"management",

withoutwhomnoneofitmadesense.

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00:08:41,209-->00:08:44,121

Thepriests,guardiansofthemystery,

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00:08:44,289-->00:08:47,599

attheheartoftraditionalChristianbelief.

93

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Everytimethepriest

celebratedcommunion,

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Christcrucifiedwouldbethere

infleshandblood.

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Thepriestwastheindispensableman,

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andtherewasnogettingtoHeaven

butthroughhishands.

97

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Butelsewhere

otherhandswerehardatwork.

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00:09:18,289-->00:09:23,522

Themiracle-workingpriestwasabout

tobechallengedbythewordofGoditself,

99

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translatedintoEnglish

andprintedinblackandwhite.

100

00:09:30,609-->00:09:35,285

Hand-writtenEnglishBibleshadbeen

incirculationsincethedaysoftheLollards,

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00:09:35,449-->00:09:40,364

thatProtestantheresy

thatflourishedbrieflyintheearly1400s.

102

00:09:40,529-->00:09:46,206

Butmanuscriptsrepresentedhardlabour

andcostpoundstobuy.

103

00:09:46,369-->00:09:50,362

AprintedNewTestament,ontheother

hand,couldbemass-produced

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andsoldforatenthoftheprice.

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00:09:55,289-->00:10:00,488

TheideaofaBibleinEnglish,cheapand

freelyavailabletoanyonewhocouldread,

106

00:10:00,649-->00:10:04,608

putthefearofGodintotheauthorities.

107

00:10:05,809-->00:10:08,687

WilliamTyndale,anordainedpriest,

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wasthefirsttotakeonthedangeroustask

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oftranslating,publishingandprinting

anEnglishversionoftheNewTestament.

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00:10:17,889-->00:10:21,359

Tyndaleisarecognisablehistoricaltype.

111

00:10:21,529-->00:10:26,205

Austere,steely,unswerving,

evenalittlefanatical,

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00:10:26,369-->00:10:29,520

anddisarminglyclear

inhisownconvictions.

113

00:10:29,689-->00:10:34,638

"Itwasnotpossible,"hewrote,

"toestablishthelaypeopleinanytruth

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00:10:34,809-->00:10:40,645

"excepttheScriptureswereplainlylaid

beforetheireyesintheirmothertongue."

115

00:10:43,969-->00:10:48,042

In1524,TyndalefledLondon

formainlandEurope,

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endingupinWormsinGermany,

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acitywhichhadrecentlybeenmade

safelyProtestant

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00:10:54,089-->00:10:58,287

byitsallegianceto

thenewradicaldoctrinesofMartinLuther.

119

00:10:58,449-->00:11:03,682

Tyndale'sEnglishNewTestament

wascompletedtherebyJanuary1526,

120

00:11:03,849-->00:11:07,967

andwithinweeks

copieswereonsaleinLondon.

121

00:11:13,969-->00:11:18,565

Whatfollowedwas

anEnglishversionoftheInquisition.

122

00:11:29,609-->00:11:36,082

Denunciations,arrests,

bookburnings,showtrials.

123

00:11:36,249-->00:11:40,527

Thosewhorecantedwereforced

tocarrybeforethemfaggotsofwood,

124

00:11:40,689-->00:11:46,559

symbolsofthebonfirethatwouldconsume

themiftheyeverlapsedagain.

125

00:11:47,649-->00:11:51,528

Andin1530symbolismgaveway

togruesomereality

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00:11:51,689-->00:11:53,680

whenapriestnamedThomasHitton

127

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confessedtosmugglingin

aNewTestament.

128

00:11:57,089-->00:12:02,163

Condemnedasaheretic,hewasburned

atMaidstoneonthe23rdofFebruary.

129

00:12:02,329-->00:12:06,607

TheReformationhadclaimed

itsfirstvictim.

130

00:12:10,609-->00:12:12,839

Andcheeringallthisonfromthesidelines

131

00:12:13,009-->00:12:17,241

wastheking,HenryVIII,

dutifulsonoftheChurch,

132

00:12:17,409-->00:12:23,006

whosecandleatWalsinghamhadbeen

burningbrightlyfornearly20years.

133

00:12:26,089-->00:12:31,004

Inthewinterof1530,asthefirewaslit

undertheunfortunateHitton,

134

00:12:31,169-->00:12:35,765

therewasnoreasontothink

thatanythingwouldeverchange.

135

00:12:35,929-->00:12:39,763

Tounderstandwhyitdid,youhave

tounderstandsomethingaboutHenry,

136

00:12:39,929-->00:12:42,682

themanwhowithout

everreallymeaningto

137

00:12:42,849-->00:12:46,683

turnedCatholicEngland

intoaProtestantnation.

138

00:13:10,769-->00:13:14,284

Well,forastart,

hewasneversupposedtobeking.

139

00:13:14,449-->00:13:16,644

ButwhenhisolderbrotherArthurdied,

140

00:13:16,809-->00:13:20,484

Henry,aged11,becameheirapparent.

141

00:13:20,649-->00:13:25,643

Healsoacquiredhisbrother'swife,

theSpanishCatherineofAragon.

142

00:13:25,809-->00:13:27,959

Themarriagealliance

betweenSpainandEngland

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00:13:28,129-->00:13:31,678

wasjusttooimportant

tobeallowedtolapse.

144

00:13:32,449-->00:13:36,158

In1509,KingHenryVIIdied,

145

00:13:36,329-->00:13:40,402

andhis17-year-oldson

cameintohisown.

146

00:13:43,289-->00:13:45,849

Theyoungkingwasaspectacularsight.

147

00:13:46,009-->00:13:48,887

Youcouldpracticallysmell

thetestosterone.

148

00:13:49,049-->00:13:53,361

Anywayandanywhere

hecouldflashthatburlyenergy,hedid,

149

00:13:53,529-->00:13:56,760

inthesaddle,onthedancefloor

orhereonthetenniscourt,

150

00:13:56,929-->00:14:00,444

whereabesottedcourtier

wroteoftheking'sskin,

151

00:14:00,609-->00:14:04,921

"glowingthroughthefabric

ofhisfinelywovenshirt".

152

00:14:06,489-->00:14:10,402

Thentherewasthefamousbreezycharm,

dispensedliketheEnglishweather-

153

00:14:10,569-->00:14:16,121

insunnyperiods,alternatingwithcloudy

spellsandsuddenburstsofheavythunder.

154

00:14:16,289-->00:14:19,167

Thecharmwas

oftherib-poking,back-slapping,

155

00:14:19,329-->00:14:21,559

punch-in-the-belly-

arm-around-the-shoulderskind,

156

00:14:21,729-->00:14:23,720

which,dependingon

themoodofthemonth,

157

00:14:23,889-->00:14:28,679

couldbetokeneithersuddenpromotion

orimminentarrest.

158

00:14:28,849-->00:14:32,808

Henrywallowedinthepraise

droolinglylavishedonhim

159

00:14:32,969-->00:14:35,005

bycourtiersandambassadors.

160

00:14:35,169-->00:14:39,685

Henrythegallant,Henrythehandsome,

Henrytheclever,Henrythesuperstar.

161

00:14:39,849-->00:14:44,161

Theonlykingtohavehisown

personalbandhiredtogotouringwithhim

162

00:14:44,329-->00:14:48,845

andfeaturingyoungHenryhimself

asleadsinger/songwriter.

163

00:14:54,649-->00:14:59,769

EggedonbythePope,whodangledbefore

himthetitleofDefenderoftheFaith,

164

00:14:59,929-->00:15:04,445

Henrywasdeterminedtomake

asplashydebutontheEuropeanscene.

165

00:15:04,609-->00:15:07,487

HetriedtogethisSpanishfather-in-law,

KingFerdinand,

166

00:15:07,649-->00:15:12,439

tocomeinonjointventuresagainst

theirmutualenemy,KingLouisofFrance.

167

00:15:12,609-->00:15:17,160

Butwhenitcametosnake-pitpolitics,

Ferdinandwasarealpro,

168

00:15:17,329-->00:15:20,287

shamelesslyexploiting

Henry'slustforglory,

169

00:15:20,449-->00:15:23,680

butfailingtodeliver

onthepromisedarmies.

170

00:15:25,249-->00:15:27,240

Henrypushedonwithouthim

171

00:15:27,409-->00:15:31,482

and,inthesummerof1513,

talkedupaskirmishwithFrenchknights

172

00:15:31,649-->00:15:36,086

intoamajorvictory

calledtheBattleoftheSpurs.

173

00:15:38,849-->00:15:42,319

Meanwhile,backhome,

QueenCatherineandhercouncillors

174

00:15:42,489-->00:15:46,846

managedamilitaryvictory

ofmajorimportanceatFloddenField,

175

00:15:47,009-->00:15:51,446

whichleftthekingoftheScots,JamesIV,

andadozenScottishearls

176

00:15:51,609-->00:15:54,362

deadonthebattlefield.

177

00:15:55,809-->00:15:58,801

Butbehindallthisactivity

athomeandabroad,

178

00:15:58,969-->00:16:04,202

keepingthearmysupplied,negotiatingthe

treaties,channellingtheking'senergies

179

00:16:04,369-->00:16:07,998

wasoneofthegreatest

organisationalbrainsoftheage-

180

00:16:08,169-->00:16:13,527

ArchbishopofYork,soontobe

ChancellorofEngland,ThomasWolsey.

181

00:16:14,769-->00:16:18,842

Let'sfaceit,ifwecouldfindone,

wecouldalluseaWolsey,

182

00:16:19,009-->00:16:23,082

aJeeveswithanattitude,someonewho

comestoworkeverydayandsays,

183

00:16:23,249-->00:16:27,037

"Andwhatwouldbeyourpleasure,

Majesty?"andthengoesoffanddoesit.

184

00:16:27,209-->00:16:31,202

Oh,theoccasionaldocumentwillcome

slidingacrossthedeskforsignature,

185

00:16:31,369-->00:16:34,839

butnothing,really,tointerrupt

ahardday'shunt.

186

00:16:35,009-->00:16:37,807

Wolseywasaconsummatemanager,

187

00:16:37,969-->00:16:41,086

attentivetodetailinbothmattersandmen,

188

00:16:41,249-->00:16:44,321

someonewhocouldstrokeParliament

whenthatwasnecessary

189

00:16:44,489-->00:16:48,118

andwhocouldbangheadstogether,

evenveryaristocraticheads,

190

00:16:48,289-->00:16:50,245

whenthatwascalledfor.

191

00:16:50,409-->00:16:52,400

Hewasamastermanipulator

192

00:16:52,569-->00:16:56,244

ofpatronage,ofhonours,

ofbribesandofthreats.

193

00:16:56,409-->00:17:01,244

Inotherwords,hewasapsychologist

inacardinal'shat.

194

00:17:04,049-->00:17:09,999

Wolseyalsounderstoodtherelationship

betweendisplayandpower.

195

00:17:11,729-->00:17:15,039

Heuseditforhisownends

hereatHamptonCourt,

196

00:17:15,209-->00:17:17,439

buthealsouseditfortheking,

197

00:17:17,609-->00:17:21,363

actingasimpresarioforone

ofthegreatershowsinhiscareer,

198

00:17:21,529-->00:17:25,078

theFieldoftheClothofGold.

199

00:17:28,689-->00:17:34,002

Themeetingin1520betweenHenry

andtheyoungFrenchking,FrancisI,

200

00:17:34,169-->00:17:37,798

wassupposedtobe

ademonstrationofheartfeltamity

201

00:17:37,969-->00:17:43,202

andapointedmessagetotherecently

electedHolyRomanEmperor,CharlesV,

202

00:17:43,369-->00:17:47,567

thatoldenemiescould,

ifneedsbe,becomefriends.

203

00:17:47,729-->00:17:50,721

Butitcametowaranyway,

notwithweapons,

204

00:17:50,889-->00:17:55,121

butsomething

muchmoredeadly-style.

205

00:17:58,889-->00:18:03,519

Inthegreatesttransportationexercise

seensincethecampaignsofEdwardIII,

206

00:18:03,689-->00:18:07,443

Wolseyshippedover

theentirerulingclassofEngland.

207

00:18:07,609-->00:18:11,488

Earls,bishops,

knightsoftheshire-5,000men,

208

00:18:11,649-->00:18:14,686

including,inadisplay

ofunconvincinghumility,

209

00:18:14,849-->00:18:20,401

theCardinalhimselfonmuleback

dressedincrimsonvelvet.

210

00:18:21,289-->00:18:25,521

Musicplayed,wineranredandwhite

fromfountains,

211

00:18:25,689-->00:18:27,998

agreatdealofherongoteaten.

212

00:18:28,169-->00:18:31,286

Thetwokingsspenthours

tryingonglamorousoutfits

213

00:18:31,449-->00:18:33,963

thatcouldbewornonlyonce.

214

00:18:34,129-->00:18:38,520

Theywrestled,notonlywithknotty

problemsofstate,butwitheachother,

215

00:18:38,689-->00:18:42,398

thenimblerFrancisatonepoint

throwingHenryonhisback.

216

00:18:42,569-->00:18:46,482

Nodoubthelaughed,

nodoubthehatedit.

217

00:18:48,609-->00:18:51,328

Somewhereinthemiddle

ofallthisoverdressedmelee

218

00:18:51,489-->00:18:53,366

wasayoungEnglishwoman,

219

00:18:53,529-->00:18:57,442

alady-in-waitingtoClaude,

thewifeoftheFrenchking.

220

00:18:57,609-->00:19:01,363

Thiswasthewomanwhowouldbring

Wolsey'simmensehouseofpower

221

00:19:01,529-->00:19:03,520

crashingdowninruins

222

00:19:03,689-->00:19:09,286

andwithit,inconceivably,thepower

oftheRomanChurchinEngland.

223

00:19:09,449-->00:19:12,646

HernamewasAnneBoleyn.

224

00:19:19,049-->00:19:23,361

Somuchsaccharinedrivelhasbeen

writtenonthesubjectofAnneBoleyn,

225

00:19:23,529-->00:19:25,520

somanyHollywoodmoviesmade,

226

00:19:25,689-->00:19:28,965

somanybodice-buster

romancesproduced

227

00:19:29,129-->00:19:32,724

thatusserioushistorians

aresupposedtoavertourgaze

228

00:19:32,889-->00:19:35,642

fromthetragicsoapoperaofherlife

229

00:19:35,809-->00:19:37,879

andconcentrateonmeatystuff,

230

00:19:38,049-->00:19:41,928

likethesocialandpoliticalorigins

oftheReformation

231

00:19:42,089-->00:19:44,728

ortheTudorrevolutioningovernment.

232

00:19:44,889-->00:19:49,724

Buttryaswemight,wekeepcomingback

timeandagaintothesubjectofAnne,

233

00:19:49,889-->00:19:54,360

becauseoncloseinspection

itturnsoutthatshewas,afterall,

234

00:19:54,529-->00:19:56,804

historicalprimecausenumberone.

235

00:20:00,049-->00:20:04,645

AtthetimeoftheFieldoftheClothofGold,

Annewouldhavebeenateenager.

236

00:20:04,809-->00:20:08,006

She'dbeenawayfromEngland

offandonsincetheageof12,

237

00:20:08,169-->00:20:11,127

whenherwell-connected

diplomatfather,Thomas,

238

00:20:11,289-->00:20:14,804

arrangedforhertobecomemaidofhonour

toMargaretofAustria

239

00:20:14,969-->00:20:17,403

atoneofhermanycourts,

240

00:20:17,569-->00:20:21,278

thisonehereatMecheleninFlanders.

241

00:20:24,769-->00:20:28,842

Margaretwasrecognised

astheworldauthorityoncourtlylove,

242

00:20:29,009-->00:20:31,921

thattheatricalformofaristocraticflirtation

243

00:20:32,089-->00:20:35,718

aroundwhichawholeculture

hadgrownup.

244

00:20:35,889-->00:20:41,725

Desireendlesslydeferred,sexualpassion

transfiguredintopureselflesslove,

245

00:20:41,889-->00:20:46,724

troubadours,masks,

silkhandkerchiefs,alotofsighing.

246

00:20:46,889-->00:20:48,880

Thatwasthetheoryanyway.

247

00:20:49,049-->00:20:51,199

Whileunderneath

thestage-managedsurface,

248

00:20:51,369-->00:20:55,681

theoldbasicinstinctsseethedaway.

249

00:20:58,329-->00:21:01,207

AnnereturnedtoEnglandin1522,

250

00:21:01,369-->00:21:06,841

asophisticated,accomplished,ambitious

youngwomanwithamindofherown.

251

00:21:12,809-->00:21:16,279

AnneBoleynentered

theglittering,dangerousworld

252

00:21:16,449-->00:21:18,838

oftheTudorcourtinher20s.

253

00:21:19,009-->00:21:25,118

Physicallyshewasnoravingbeauty,

despitethelongblackhairanddarkeyes,

254

00:21:25,289-->00:21:29,407

butsheknewhowtoexploit

hernaturalvivaciousness

255

00:21:29,569-->00:21:34,040

toplaythegameofcourtlylove

forallitwasworth.

256

00:21:36,169-->00:21:41,607

Oneofthefirsttofallwasaman

everybitassophisticatedasshewas,

257

00:21:41,769-->00:21:45,808

ThomasWyatt,theepitome

oftheRenaissancecourtier.

258

00:21:45,969-->00:21:50,167

Asoldier,adiplomatand,aboveall,apoet.

259

00:21:50,329-->00:21:54,447

Hispoemsareheavy

withtheconventionallover'ssighs,

260

00:21:54,609-->00:22:00,127

butinthoseapparentlyinspiredbyAnne

thesighscomefromtheheart.

261

00:22:00,289-->00:22:04,999

Wyatt,unhappilymarried,

realisedhestoodnochancewithher,

262

00:22:05,169-->00:22:08,605

andinoneofhisfamouspoems

compareshimself

263

00:22:08,769-->00:22:12,808

toahunter,vainlychasingadeer.

264

00:22:15,609-->00:22:18,282

Unabletodivorcehiswife,

265

00:22:18,449-->00:22:22,727

allthatWyattcouldofferAnne

wasthatsheshouldbecomehismistress,

266

00:22:22,889-->00:22:26,325

notgoodenough

foranambitiousgirlonthemake.

267

00:22:26,489-->00:22:30,846

Andbeside,therewasanotherreason

whyWyattwouldnevercatchhishind,

268

00:22:31,009-->00:22:33,967

ashispoemgoesontoexplain.

269

00:22:34,129-->00:22:36,927

"Andgravenwithdiamonds

inlettersplain

270

00:22:37,089-->00:22:41,640

"Thereiswrittenherfairneckroundabout,

'nolemetangere'

271

00:22:41,809-->00:22:48,203

"ForCaesar'sIamandwildfortohold

thoughIseemtame."

272

00:22:48,369-->00:22:51,406

"Nolemetangere"-donottouch,

273

00:22:51,569-->00:22:54,845

forCaesar,

otherwiseknownasHenryVIII,

274

00:22:55,009-->00:22:57,762

hadalreadycommittedhimself

tothechase,

275

00:22:57,929-->00:23:02,605

andtheking,asweknow,

wasaninexhaustiblehunter.

276

00:23:03,929-->00:23:09,720

Henryreallyhadtoworkhardtoget

Anne,harderthanatanytimeinhislife.

277

00:23:09,889-->00:23:13,359

Themanwho,asWolseycouldtestify,

hatedwritingletters

278

00:23:13,529-->00:23:17,408

wroteumpteen

inhisattemptstowooher.

279

00:23:17,569-->00:23:20,845

Sherepresentedeverything

CatherineofAragonwasnot.

280

00:23:21,009-->00:23:24,160

Tenyearsyounger,

merryratherthanpious,

281

00:23:24,329-->00:23:27,287

spiritedratherthangravelydeferential,

282

00:23:27,449-->00:23:31,078

Anneopenedthewaytosexualbliss,

domestichappiness

283

00:23:31,249-->00:23:36,881

and,perhapsmoreimportantthanany

ofthese,thepossibilityofasonandheir.

284

00:23:39,729-->00:23:44,484

TheestrangementbetweenCatherine

andHenrywentbackasfaras1511

285

00:23:44,649-->00:23:46,640

andthedeathoftheirsonHenry,

286

00:23:46,809-->00:23:51,485

whodespitetheofferingsmade

atWalsinghamlivedonlyafewweeks.

287

00:23:51,649-->00:23:56,769

Catherinehadgoneontoproduce

adaughter,Mary,bornin1516.

288

00:23:56,929-->00:24:00,046

ButHenrybegantorecoilfromhisqueen.

289

00:24:00,209-->00:24:02,200

Aftermorethan20years,

290

00:24:02,369-->00:24:06,521

Henryhadnolegitimatemaleheir

andnoprospectofone.

291

00:24:07,769-->00:24:09,919

BythetimethatAnnecameonthescene,

292

00:24:10,089-->00:24:15,322

Henrywasconvincedthathismarriage

toCatherinehadbeendivinelycursed.

293

00:24:15,489-->00:24:18,287

Thekingwas

anassiduousreaderofScripture,

294

00:24:18,449-->00:24:20,679

andtheremusthavebeen

asharpintakeofbreath

295

00:24:20,849-->00:24:24,364

everytimehereadLeviticus

chapter20,verse21,

296

00:24:24,529-->00:24:26,804

inwhichGodhimselftellsMoses,

297

00:24:26,969-->00:24:31,087

"Ifamanshalltakehisbrother'swife,

itisanuncleanthing...

298

00:24:31,249-->00:24:35,003

"...theyshallbechildless."

299

00:24:36,489-->00:24:40,448

Drivenbyhisfearofdynasticextinction

andhispassionforAnne,

300

00:24:40,609-->00:24:43,362

who,asusual,refused

tobecomehismistress,

301

00:24:43,529-->00:24:48,523

Henryseizedondivorce

astheanswertoallofhisproblems.

302

00:24:49,769-->00:24:54,206

Henrywantedapapalannulment

ofthemarriageongroundsofincest.

303

00:24:54,369-->00:24:56,360

ButthePopecouldn'toblige,

304

00:24:56,529-->00:25:01,444

forinMay1527thearmies

oftheEmperorCharlesVsackedRome,

305

00:25:01,609-->00:25:04,407

andmadePopeClementavirtualprisoner.

306

00:25:04,569-->00:25:07,367

AndCharles,

whowasQueenCatherine'snephew,

307

00:25:07,529-->00:25:11,761

wouldn'tallowanannulment

whilehewasincontrol.

308

00:25:11,929-->00:25:15,604

Wolseywasthefirsttobedraggedunder

bythiscrisis.

309

00:25:15,769-->00:25:19,045

Henryhadnouse

foraMrFixitwhocouldn'tfixit,

310

00:25:19,209-->00:25:23,919

andWolseywasquicklygotridof,

ostensiblyforfraudandcorruption.

311

00:25:24,089-->00:25:30,244

Withinayear,hewasdead,charges

ofhightreasonstillhangingoverhishead.

312

00:25:31,729-->00:25:35,278

ItwasAnneherselfwho,

atsomepointin1530,

313

00:25:35,449-->00:25:38,407

steeredthewholeproblem

inaradicallynewdirection.

314

00:25:38,569-->00:25:40,958

SheputliterallyintoHenry'shands

315

00:25:41,129-->00:25:44,360

alittlebookthattoherseemed

notonlyfundamentallytrue,

316

00:25:44,529-->00:25:49,398

butalso,givenpresentcircumstances,

extremelyuseful.

317

00:25:49,569-->00:25:53,608

Itwasbythatarch-propagandist

WilliamTyndale,anditwascalled

318

00:25:53,769-->00:25:59,127

"TheobedienceofaChristianman

andhowChristianrulersoughttogovern".

319

00:26:00,329-->00:26:03,605

LikeallTyndale'swork

itwasapungentread.

320

00:26:03,769-->00:26:09,207

"Oneking,onelaw,isGod'sordnance

ineveryrealm,"hewrote.

321

00:26:09,369-->00:26:15,239

Inotherwords,thewritoftheBishop

ofRomedidnotruninEngland.

322

00:26:17,049-->00:26:19,040

ButAnnewasn'tfinishedyet.

323

00:26:19,209-->00:26:21,677

Withatypicalmixtureofconviction

andself-interest,

324

00:26:21,849-->00:26:25,524

shegotathinktankoftheologians,

includingThomasCranmer,

325

00:26:25,689-->00:26:29,079

tocomeupwithdocuments

fromthehistoryoftheearlyChurch

326

00:26:29,249-->00:26:32,286

provingroyalsupremacy.

327

00:26:33,489-->00:26:38,563

Themorehelearntabouthissupreme

power,thebetterHenrylikedit.

328

00:26:38,729-->00:26:42,119

Itmayhavebegunasatactic

inpoliticalintimidation,

329

00:26:42,289-->00:26:47,921

butnowtheroyalsupremacyseemed,

onitsownmerits,aself-evidenttruth.

330

00:26:48,089-->00:26:51,525

Youcanalmosthearhimclappinghishand

tohisheadandexclaiming,

331

00:26:51,689-->00:26:55,318

"HowcouldIhavebeensodull

astohavemissedthis?"

332

00:26:59,769-->00:27:03,364

Notsurprisingly,then,

aroundthesummerof1530,

333

00:27:03,529-->00:27:09,638

thetellingword"imperial"beginsto

showupregularlyinHenry'sownremarks.

334

00:27:09,809-->00:27:14,564

Emperors,ofcourse,

acknowledgenosuperioronearth.

335

00:27:14,729-->00:27:18,802

Henry'sego,