Unit5MusicDiscoveringUsefulStructures非謂語課件高中英語人教版

Non-finiteVerb3.復(fù)雜句（簡稱復(fù)句）ComplexSentence一個(gè)句子中有其他句子在該句中充當(dāng)成分，則整個(gè)句子為復(fù)雜句，即句子中有句子Whathesaidisnottrue.Thestudentswouldhavemadebettergradesiftheyhadstudiedhard.語法系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建1.簡單句SimpleSentence指只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子Thestudentshavemadebettergradesinthepastfewyears.英語中有四種句子2.并列句CompoundSentence指兩個(gè)及兩個(gè)以上簡單句由并列連詞and,or,but,so等并列連詞構(gòu)成的句子Thestudentsstudiedhardandtheymadebettergrades.4.并列復(fù)雜句Compound-complexSentence并列句+復(fù)雜句Theywatchedtelevisionandenjoyedthemselves,butwecouldn’tseetheprogrambecauseourtelevisionwasbroken.

目錄CONTENTS1234什么是非限定動(dòng)詞/非謂語非謂語的分類非謂語的書寫重難點(diǎn)WhatWhatHowDifficultandkeypoints非限定動(dòng)詞就是我們常說的非謂語動(dòng)詞，但前者更為規(guī)范精確，它包含三種形式，不定式、-ing分詞和-ed分詞限定動(dòng)詞非限定動(dòng)詞一.Whatisnon-finiteverb有“非限定動(dòng)詞”就有“限定動(dòng)詞”，“限定”顧名思義有“限制”的含義。“限定動(dòng)詞”指受時(shí)態(tài)、三單等限制的動(dòng)詞，如does,did,willhavedone等等；而“非限定動(dòng)詞”則指不受這些限制，既包括todo,doing,done。我們常說，在英文的一個(gè)完整句子中，僅有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，也就是僅有一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞不定式ed分詞非限定動(dòng)詞ing分詞動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞Drill探索限定動(dòng)詞與非限定動(dòng)詞。找出下列句子中的限定動(dòng)詞與非限定動(dòng)詞。Shehasnofriendtodependon.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoaltoachieve.Seeingisbelieving.Havingdressedupnicely,wewentouttohavesomegoodlocalfoodandenjoythecelebrations.Mycousinisveryinterestedinpainting.Wellknownasasuccessfulband,theImpactmembersshowquiteafewstrikingabilities.為什么會(huì)有“非限定動(dòng)詞”？它有什么作用？一.Whatisnon-finiteverbShehasnofriendtodependon.Havingdressedupnicely,wewentouttohavesomegoodlocalfoodandenjoythecelebrations.“非限定動(dòng)詞”就是簡化(simplification)的結(jié)果。在修辭的角度上來看，語言追求的就是清晰(clear)和簡潔(concise)。如果按照句子從低級(jí)到高級(jí)的程度來排列的話，那么簡單句則是低級(jí)句型，合句和復(fù)句是中級(jí)句型，用非限定動(dòng)詞簡化后的從句就是高級(jí)句型。而這種簡化，則是對(duì)我們所學(xué)過的復(fù)句（名詞從句、形容詞從句和副詞從句）進(jìn)行簡化，簡化后就會(huì)出現(xiàn)“非限定動(dòng)詞”。Level1Level2Level3簡單句復(fù)句、合句簡化后…什么句子可以簡化？如何簡化？用詞上？句意上？沒有的話如何傳達(dá)意思？二.Howtoclassify(分類)non-finiteverb功能分類：充當(dāng)主語、賓語、狀語、定語…不定式ed分詞非限定動(dòng)詞ing分詞動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞形式分類：形容詞從句副詞從句不定式ing分詞ed分詞簡化ed分詞不具有名詞詞性！為什么少了一條箭頭呢？名詞從句三.Howtosimplifysentences以be動(dòng)詞為基礎(chǔ)（若沒有be動(dòng)詞則需要自己添加），適當(dāng)省略be動(dòng)詞、連接詞和重復(fù)的部分Helenisthemostbeautifulgirlintheworld.Thetownisthreemilesaway.Thereisabookonthetable.ThepartyisonFridayevening.對(duì)比be動(dòng)詞與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞翻譯的區(qū)別Birdsarelovely.Birdsfly.Birdseatworms.Birdsgiveussongs.Birdsmakethemorningbeautiful.為什么省略be動(dòng)詞？

沒有be動(dòng)詞怎么辦？因?yàn)閎e動(dòng)詞沒有意義，省略后不會(huì)影響原句子意思添加be動(dòng)詞三.Howtosimplifysentences不定式有何種含義呢？看以下例句：“ThechildrenexpecttogetpresentsforChristmas.”A.去B.能C.將要to是不是有一種情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意味在里面？是何種情態(tài)動(dòng)詞呢？1.不定式mustshouldwill/wouldcan/couldmay/mightOughttoBeabletobelikelytoBegoingto/betoHaveto請(qǐng)完成下列同義詞或詞組的配對(duì)，并體會(huì)將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為含to詞組的韻味具有有“將要”“去”的意味，往往帶有一種對(duì)未來的期望與不確定性！三.Howtosimplifysentences1.不定式將多個(gè)句子簡化成一個(gè)含“不定式”非限定動(dòng)詞的步驟：情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞含to的形式musthavetoshouldoughttowill/wouldbegoingto/betocan/couldbeabletomay/mightbelikelyto尋找共同邏輯主語將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為含to的詞組省略“be”、主語、連接詞ThechildrenexpectthattheycangetpresentsforChristmas.ThechildrenexpectthattheyareabletogetpresentsforChristmas.ThechildrenexpecttogetpresentsforChristmas.beableto\\\\1).名詞從句的簡化三.Howtosimplifysentences1.不定式Heforgotthatheshouldseehisdentistthatday.Heforgotthatheoughtto/wastoseehisdentistthatday.Heforgottoseehisdentistthatday.oughtto/beto\1).名詞從句的簡化\\\DrillIwouldlikethatyoucanlookafterthekidsformethisevening.Ithinkitstrangethatmanshouldfearghosts.Idon’tknowthequestion.(先改寫為名詞從句，再簡化)WhatshouldIdo?三.Howtosimplifysentences1.不定式將多個(gè)句子簡化成一個(gè)含“不定式”非限定動(dòng)詞的步驟：情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞含to的形式musthavetoshouldoughttowill/wouldbegoingto/betocan/couldbeabletomay/mightbelikelyto尋找共同邏輯主語將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為含to的詞組省略“be”、主語、連接詞Johnistheonewhoshouldgothistime.Johnistheonewhooughtto/istogothistime.Johnistheonetogothistime.oughtto/beto\\\2).形容詞從句的簡化形容詞從句的關(guān)鍵是什么？會(huì)不會(huì)有利于我們尋找共同的邏輯主語三.Howtosimplifysentences1.不定式2).形容詞從句的簡化DrillThesecretarythoughtthatitmightnotbethebesttimethatsheshouldaskherbossforaraise.Ihaveajob.(先改寫為形容詞詞從句，再簡化)Yourbrothercandothejob.Thisisexactlythething.Weshoulddothething.Thisisexactlythetimetodoit.Johnisnotthemantotrust.Johnisnotthemantobetrusted.HilaryCliton,whoisprettyandintelligent,isapopularFirstLady.三.Howtosimplifysentences1.不定式將多個(gè)句子簡化成一個(gè)含“不定式”非限定動(dòng)詞的步驟：情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞含to的形式musthavetoshouldoughttowill/wouldbegoingto/betocan/couldbeabletomay/mightbelikelyto尋找共同邏輯主語將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為含to的詞組省略“be”、主語、連接詞Iamgladtohelpyou.3).副詞從句的簡化Iamglad_____I_____tohelpyou.既然是副詞從句，那么兩個(gè)分句之間是什么關(guān)系，該用什么連詞？IamgladbecauseIcanhelpyou.三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分詞將多個(gè)句子簡化成一個(gè)含“ing分詞”非限定動(dòng)詞的步驟：ThatIdrinkgoodwinewithfriendsismygreatestenjoyment.ThatIamdrinkinggoodwinewithfriendsismygreatestenjoyment.Drinkinggoodwinewithfriendsismygreatestenjoyment.1).名詞從句的簡化在這種簡化中，若有bedoing的形式，則直接省略be動(dòng)詞；若無bedoing，則添加be動(dòng)詞，將動(dòng)詞改為-ing形式，再進(jìn)行省略，畢竟be動(dòng)詞沒有意義，省略后不會(huì)影響句子含義。尋找共同邏輯主語加“be”將實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癷ng”形式省略“be”、主語、連接詞Tip:邏輯主語可不是主語哦！\\\思考：此處ing分詞是做“主語/賓語/表語”？此處ing分詞屬于“現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞”？三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分詞將多個(gè)句子簡化成一個(gè)含“ing分詞”非限定動(dòng)詞的步驟：尋找共同邏輯主語加“be”將實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癷ng”形式省略“be”、主語、連接詞1).名詞從句的簡化思考：此處ing分詞是做“主語/賓語/表語”？此處ing分詞屬于“現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞”？DrillManyhusbandsenjoysthattheydothecooking.Hegotusedtosomething.(先改寫為名詞從句，在進(jìn)行簡化)He

worked

lateintothenight.三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分詞小技巧：主語不能省略該怎么辦？尋找共同邏輯主語加“be”將實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癷ng”形式省略“be”、主語、連接詞1).名詞從句的簡化①使用S+V+O+C結(jié)構(gòu)處理Iimaginedthatabeautifulgirlwassingingtome.Iimaginedabeautifulgirlsingingtome.Tip:seesbdosthseesbdoingsth……\\②使用所有格結(jié)構(gòu)處理Thathecallsmygirlfriendeverydayistoomuchforme.Callingmygirlfriendeverydayistoomuchforme.Hiscallingmygirlfriendeverydayistoomuchforme.×√三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分詞小技巧：主語不能省略該怎么辦？尋找共同邏輯主語加“be”將實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癷ng”形式省略“be”、主語、連接詞1).名詞從句的簡化③添加介系詞處理Iamworriedthatmysonliesallthetime.(還原)Iamworriedthefactthatmysonliesallthetime.Iamworried_____mysonlyingallthetime.Iamworriedaboutmysonlyingallthetime.Iamworriedaboutmyson’slyingallthetime.轉(zhuǎn)化為同位語從句，重復(fù)部分\\\SVOCSVO三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分詞小技巧：被動(dòng)的處理尋找共同邏輯主語加“be”將實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癷ng”形式省略“be”、主語、連接詞1).名詞從句的簡化Thatanyoneiscalledaliaristhegreatestinsult(侮辱).Calledaliaristhegreatestinsult.Beingcalledaliaristhegreatestinsult.×√提示：ed分詞不具有名詞詞性！無法充當(dāng)主語、賓語DrillIamlookingforwardtobeinginvitedtotheparty.(拆分成兩個(gè)分句)Iamlookingforwardsomething.Iaminvitedtotheparty.三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分詞尋找共同邏輯主語加“be”將實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癷ng”形式省略“be”、主語、連接詞2).形容詞從句的簡化TheshipwhichiscomingtoshoreisfromGaoxiong.TheshipcomingtoshoreisfromGaoxiong.\\Myoldcar,breakingdowneveryotherweek,won’tlastmuchlonger.Myoldcar,whichisbreakingdowneveryotherweek,won’tlastmuchlonger.Myoldcar,whichbreaksdowneveryotherweek,won’tlastmuchlonger.三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分詞尋找共同邏輯主語加“be”將實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癷ng”形式省略“be”、主語、連接詞3).副詞從句的簡化Whiletheboywaslyingonthecoach,hefellasleep.Whilelyingonthecoach,hefellasleep.Lyingonthecoach,hefellasleep.\\Whichoneisbetter？現(xiàn)在分詞帶有“動(dòng)作”和“持續(xù)”的含義DrillAlthoughwehavenothingtodohere,wecan’tleaveearly.Havingnothingtodohere,wecan’tleaveearly.AsIamastudent,Ican’taffordtogetmarried.Beingastudent,Ican’taffordtogetmarried.三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分詞尋找共同邏輯主語加“be”將實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癷ng”形式省略“be”、主語、連接詞3).副詞從句的簡化Afterhewrotetheletter,heputittomail.Afterwritingtheletter,heputittomail.Writingtheletter,heputittomail.Havingwritingtheletter,heputittomail.Whenhehadwrittentheletter,heputittomail.現(xiàn)在分詞帶有“動(dòng)作”和“持續(xù)”的含義×√√√三.Howtosimplifysentences3.ed分詞將多個(gè)句子簡化成一個(gè)含“不定式”非限定動(dòng)詞的步驟：尋找共同邏輯主語省略“be”、主語、連接詞Beerwhichischilledto6℃isdelicious.Billchilledto6℃isdelicious.\\1).形容詞從句的簡化ed分詞不具有名詞詞性！故也沒有名詞從句的簡化部分DrillYourbrotherJohn,woundedinwar,willsoonbesenthome.(轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞從句)YourbrotherJohn,who

was

woundedinwar,willsoonbesenthome.三.Howtosimplifysentences3.ed分詞將多個(gè)句子簡化成一個(gè)含“不定式”非限定動(dòng)詞的步驟：尋找共同邏輯主語省略“be”、主語、連接詞Afterhewasshotintheknee,hecouldn’tfight.Shotintheknee,hecouldn’tfight.\\2).副詞從句的簡化ed分詞不具有名詞詞性！故也沒有名詞從句的簡化部分這種簡化中，ed分詞有什么含義在里面呢？ed分詞有“被”和“已經(jīng)”的含義三.Howtosimplifysentences3.ed分詞將多個(gè)句子簡化成一個(gè)含“不定式”非限定動(dòng)詞的步驟：尋找共同邏輯主語省略“be”、主語、連接詞Beforeitwasredecorated,thehousewasinbadshape.Redecorated,thehousewasinbadshape.Beforeredecorated,thehousewasinbadshape.Beforebeingredecorated,thehousewasinbadshape.Beforeredecoration,thehousewasinbadshape.2).副詞從句的簡化ed分詞不具有名詞詞性！故也沒有名詞從句的簡化部分Tip:before,after,since此處為介系詞!√×√√三.Howtosimplifysentences3.ed分詞體會(huì)介系詞的妙用Whenshecompletedtheproject,shewaspromoted.Upon

completingtheproject,shewaspromoted.介系詞+名詞！Althoughheopposedit,theplanwascarriedout.Despite

hisopposition,theplanwascarriedout.Ifthereshouldbeafire,thesprinkler(灑水車)willbestarted.Incaseofafire,thesprinklerwi