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語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題1名詞
一、高考考點(diǎn)分析
1、名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù);2、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換;
3、名詞作定語(yǔ);4、名詞的搭配;5、詞語(yǔ)辨析;
二、考點(diǎn)講解
1、名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù);
問(wèn)題1;—Howmanydoesacowhave?
--Four.A.stomachesB.stomachC.stomachsD.stomachies
以—,,,等結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加es;但如果以ch結(jié)
尾的名詞發(fā)音為時(shí),只加So
另外,以+y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),需將y變成i,再加-es;以
+y結(jié)尾的則直接加-s。以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的專(zhuān)有名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),
也直接加So
問(wèn)題2;The_____ofthebuildingarecoveredwithlotsof______.
A.roofs;leavesB.rooves;leafsC.roof;leafD.roofs;leafs
以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):
a.加s,如:serf--belief--roof---
chief—safe--gulf---;
b.去f,fe力口ves,如:half—knife—
leaf--wolfwife一一
life---thief—;
c.均可,如:handkerchief--/
問(wèn)題3:Whenthefarmerreturnedhomehefoundthree______missing.
A.sheepsB.sheepesC.sheepD.sheepies
當(dāng)sheep;deer;fish表示時(shí),單復(fù)數(shù)同形;如果表示,則需加s
或eSo單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞有:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss
works,means,head
問(wèn)題4:Some_____visitedourschoollastWednesday.
A.GermanB.GermenC.GermansD.Germens
國(guó)家人的名詞需要記住三種情況:
1、單復(fù)數(shù)同形:Chinese;Japanese;Swiss
2、需要變形:English-Englishman
3、力口-s或-es:German-Germans
詳見(jiàn)下表。
1.6不同國(guó)家的人的單復(fù)數(shù)
名稱(chēng)總稱(chēng)(謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù))一個(gè)人兩個(gè)人
中國(guó)人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese
瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss
澳大利亞人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians
俄國(guó)人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians
意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians
希臘人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks
法國(guó)人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen
日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese
美國(guó)人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans
印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians
加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians
德國(guó)人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans
英國(guó)人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen
瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes
問(wèn)題5:_______willmakeatriparoundtheworldduringthecoining
Christmas.
A.TheEvensB.TheEvens'C.TheEvensesD.TheEvenses,
專(zhuān)有名詞的復(fù)數(shù)與連用,常用來(lái)表示“一家人”或一家之中的兩個(gè)或幾
個(gè)重要的人。如:
---Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?
APalmerJsBThePalmersCThePalmersDThePalmerJs
問(wèn)題6:MrSmithhastwo______,bothofwhomareteachersinaschool.
A.brothers-in-lawB.brother-in-laws
C.brothers-in-lawsD.brothers-inlaw
以連字符號(hào)連接的合成名詞一般將中心名詞變成復(fù)數(shù),如:managers-in-chief;
fathers-inTaw。如果沒(méi)有中心名詞就在該合成詞的最后加-s。如:grown-upso
2、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換
問(wèn)題1;Hegainedhis_____byprinting_____offamouswriters.
A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works
抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞被稱(chēng)為不可數(shù)名詞。
問(wèn)題2:Canyougiveussome______aboutthewriter?
A.informationsB.information
C.pieceofinformationsD.piecesinformation
大多數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞都不可能轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞,常見(jiàn)的有:information;news;
advice;progress;fun...如:
Thisisnotamatch.We'replayingchessfor_____.
AhabitBhobbyCfunDgame
問(wèn)題3:
Manypeopleagreethat____ofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade
today.A.aknowledgeB.knowledgesC.knowledgeD.theknowledge
有些抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞也可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞,用來(lái)表示某種特定的意義。如上。
又如:
Thismeetingisagreatsuccess.
請(qǐng)看下面的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化:
a.當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個(gè)體名詞時(shí)。
Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一種食物。()
Thesecakesaresweet.這些蛋糕很好吃。()
b.當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類(lèi)時(shí),名詞可數(shù)。
Thisfactoryproducessteel.()
Weneedvarioussteels.()
c.當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí),可數(shù)。
Ourcountryisfamousfortea.()
Twoteas,please.請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯茶。()
d.抽象名詞有時(shí)也可數(shù)。
fourfreedoms四大自由thefourmodernizations四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化
manyinterests許多興趣
3、名詞作定語(yǔ);
問(wèn)題1Theisjustaroundthecornerandyouwon'tmissit.
A.bicycle'sshopB.bicycleshopC.bicyclesshopD.bicycles,shop
名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外。
1)用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)。
如:運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)
studentsreading-room學(xué)生閱覽室
talkstable談判桌
theforeignlanguagesdepartment外語(yǔ)系
2)有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞,作定語(yǔ)時(shí),s保留。
如:goodstrain(貨車(chē))armsproduce武器生產(chǎn)
customspapers海關(guān)文件clothesbrush衣刷
問(wèn)題2lttookusquitealongtimetogethere.Itwasjourney.
A.three-hourB.athreehourC.athree-hourD.threehours
“數(shù)詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的合成詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),這個(gè)名詞一般保留O
如:aten-milewalk;afive-yearplan
但是如果不用連字符,就需用的所有格。
Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It's____walk.(04上海
春季)
A.afourhourB.afourhour1sC.afour-hoursD.afourhours'
問(wèn)題3:Thereareonlytwelve_____inthehospital.
A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorsC.womendoctorD.womandoctor
man,woman,gentleman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。
如:amanworkerfmenworkers
awomanteacher-*___________________
agentlemanofficial_____________________
4、名詞的搭配
問(wèn)題1We'vemissedthelastbus.I'mafraidwehaveno______butto
takeataxi.A.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection
可以將“”視為一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在考查這類(lèi)搭配的題
有很多,如:IamsureDavidwillbeabletofindthelibrary-hehas
aprettygood____ofdirection.A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense
類(lèi)似的題還有:
1.Here'smycard.Let'skeepin.
A.touchB.relationC.connectionD.friendship
2.Youcantakeasmanyasyoulikebecausetheyarefreeof
.A.fareB.chargeC.moneyD.pay
3.Themanagerhasgotagoodbusinesssothe
companyisdoingwell.A.ideaB.senseC.thoughtD.Thinking
4.Ikeepmedicinesonthetopshelf,outofthechildren's
.AreachBhandCholdDplace
問(wèn)題2Aroughestimate,NigeriaisGreatBritain.
A.threetimesthesizeasB.thesizethreetimesof
C.threetimesasthesizeofD.threetimesthesizeof
注意名詞用來(lái)表示比較的特殊用法。它的結(jié)構(gòu)為“倍數(shù)+the+名詞+of+對(duì)象”。
常用在該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞為:thesizeof;theweightof;thelengthof....
5、詞語(yǔ)辨析
問(wèn)題IBillwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisetobuilduphis
A.abilityB.forceC.strengthD.mind
高考試卷中考查名詞詞義辨析的題目越來(lái)越多了,這就要求我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)
程中注意同類(lèi)詞的比較和辨析,同時(shí)盡可能從閱讀過(guò)程中汲取更多的知識(shí)。
三、總結(jié)與鞏固
1.Itwon'tmakemuchwhetheryouagreeornot.
A.difficultyB.troubleC.differenceD.matter
2.Noonehasyetsucceededinexplainingtheofhowlifebegan.
A.causeB.problemC.reasonD.puzzle
3.Youmustgettherewithinanhour.Thereshouldbeno_insendingthisinformationtohim.
A.questionB.problemC.quarrelD.delay
4.Ican'tgiveyouthecardwithoutSmith's
A.agreementB.allowingC.permissionD.performance
5.Whatimpressedmemostwasthattheyneverlost
A.heartsB.heartC.theirheartD.theirhearts
6.ThoughIspoketohimmanytimes,henevertookanyofwhatIsaid.
A.remarkB.observationC.attentionD.notice
7.1wenttobuyaofChinaDaily.
A.pieceB.sheetC.lotD.copy
8.ShellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassing
itonherfirst.
A.intentionB.purposeC.attemptD.desire
9.Thereareusuallyatleasttwooflookingateveryquestion.
A.meansB.directionsC.viewsD.ways
10.Wehaveworkedouttheplanandnowwemustpulitinto.
A.factB.realityC.practiceD.deed
11.Sheisyoungforthejob,butontheother,sheiswelltrained.
A.wayB.situationC.chanceD.hand
12.Themostimportantofhisspeechwasthatweshouldallworkwhole-heartedlyfor
thepeople.A.pointB.senseC.spotD.view
13.---rdlikeinformationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.
■一Well,youcouldhavewordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.
A.some;aB.an;someC.some;someD.an;a
語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題2代詞
一、高考考點(diǎn)分析
1、人稱(chēng)代詞的替代和轉(zhuǎn)換;2、物主代詞的性;3、else的用法;
4、不定代詞的用法比較;5、it的用法;
二、高考考點(diǎn)講解
1.人稱(chēng)代詞的指代問(wèn)題
問(wèn)題1:Itwas____whodidit,butitwas____thatwearetalkingabout.
A.he…sheB.him…h(huán)erC.him…sheD.he…h(huán)er
解析:人稱(chēng)代詞的在句子中作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),例如:
Johnwaitedawhilebuteventually____wenthome.
人稱(chēng)代詞的在句子中作賓語(yǔ)或介康語(yǔ),但在口語(yǔ)中也能作表語(yǔ),第一人稱(chēng)在省
略句中,還可以作主靜,例如:
Isawherwiththem,atleast,Ithoughtitwasher.
問(wèn)題中前后兩個(gè)分句都是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,前面的代詞作didit的主語(yǔ),而后面的代詞作
talkingabout的賓語(yǔ)。
2)在使用人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí),要注意其人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和格的。如:
JimandIsawthemanpassingby.
Betweenyouandme,hestolealotofmoneyfromsomewhere.
(私下跟你說(shuō)吧,不知他從哪里偷了一大筆錢(qián)呢。)
Heaskedthreeofus,John,Joanand,tohavedinnerwithhim.
Meatandfisharemoreexpensivethanusedtobe.
不定代詞anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone,someone,everyone,noone,及
whoever和person在正式場(chǎng)合使用時(shí),可用he,his,him代替。
Nobodycame,?誰(shuí)也沒(méi)來(lái),是嗎?
2.人稱(chēng)代詞之主、賓格的替換
問(wèn)題2
-Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.
一Why?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.
A.himB.heC.ID.me
解析;在簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話(huà)中,當(dāng)人稱(chēng)代詞單獨(dú)使用或在not后,多用o
----IlikeEnglish.—我喜歡英語(yǔ)。-------------too.-我也喜歡。
----Havemorewine?--再來(lái)點(diǎn)酒喝嗎?-----Not.--我可不要了。
問(wèn)題3:—MayIspeaktoJohn?—Thisisspeaking.
A.heB.hisC.himD.himself
解析:a,在介詞but,except后,有時(shí)可用代替。
Allbuttotheconcerttomorrow.
A.heandIamgoingB.heandIaregoing
C.heandmearegoingD.hisandmeamgoing
b.在電話(huà)用語(yǔ)中常用O
----IwishtospeaktoMary.-----Thisis。----我就是瑪麗。
3.物主代詞的性
問(wèn)題4:--IsthiscameralikeBill,sandAnn's?
---No,butit'salmostthesameas__.A.herB.yoursC.themD.their
解析:形容詞性的物主代詞修飾名詞,不能獨(dú)用;名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了
中心名詞的s所有格結(jié)構(gòu),例如:
Thatismybook.=Thatbookis_____.
另外,在動(dòng)名詞前常加上形容詞性的物主代高贏(yíng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?
4.反身代詞
問(wèn)題5:Youwillfindasyoureadfiatsbookthatyoujustcan'tkeepsomeofthese
stonesto.Youwillwanttosharethemwithafriend.
A.itselfB.yourselfC.himselfD.themselves
反身代詞通常作、和o
a.作賓語(yǔ):有些動(dòng)詞需有反身代詞absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,
enjoy,hurt,introduce,behave,help,dress,keep,…
Weenjoyedverymuchlastnight.Pleasehelptosomefish.
b.作表語(yǔ);beoneself:Iamnottoday.我今天不舒服。
c.作同位語(yǔ)Thethingisnotimportant.事情本身并不重要。
5、不定代詞的用法比較
A、some/any
問(wèn)題1ThereJscookingoilleftinthehouse.Wouldyougotothecorner
storeandget?A.little;someB.little;anyC.alittle;someD.a
little;any
問(wèn)題2Iaskedhimforsomeoil,buthehadn,t___.A.anyB.someC.noI),anything
說(shuō)明:some“一些”,一般用于句中。
1)可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連用。
2)當(dāng)做“某一”解時(shí),也可與連用。(=acertain)
Youwillbesorryforthisday.
()personhasseenyoubreaktherule.
注意:some用于其他句式中:
a.肯定疑問(wèn)句中:說(shuō)話(huà)人認(rèn)為對(duì)方的答案會(huì)是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答時(shí)。
Wouldyoulike句式中,表委婉請(qǐng)求或建議,如:Wouldyoulikecoffee?
b.在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示確定的意義時(shí),如:Ifyouneedhelp,letmeknow,
c.some位于主語(yǔ)部分,studentshavenJtbeentherebefore.
d.當(dāng)否定的是整體中的部分時(shí),some可用于否定句。如:Ihaven'theardfromsome
ofmyoldfriendstheseyears._______________________________________
any“一些”,多用于和和中。
當(dāng)表示“”的意思時(shí),any可用于肯定句。
Herearethreenovels.Youmayreadany.
問(wèn)題3:Wehaven'tenoughbooksfor;someofyouwillhavetoshare.
A.somebodyB.anybodyC.everybodyD.nobody
問(wèn)題4:---Oneweek'stimehasbeenwasted.
---Ican,tbelievewedidallthatworkfor.
A.somethingB.nothingC.everythingD.anything
注意:some,any,every所構(gòu)成的合成不定代詞不能與of連用,只有才可接of短
語(yǔ)。如:someoneofus;everyoneofthem
但要注意:noneofthem(noone后不接of短語(yǔ))
B、one,that和it
問(wèn)題hMeetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,
Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what
問(wèn)題2:TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_____wi11needalotofworkbeforethey
canmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which
問(wèn)題3;IpreferaflatinInvernessto______inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenear
myMom's.A.oneB.thatC.itD.this
問(wèn)題4:Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems一infactfarmoreserious
thanmobilephonesdo.
A.oneB.onesC.itD.those
說(shuō)明:one表示泛指,that和it表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類(lèi),但不是同一個(gè),而
it與所指名詞為同一個(gè)。
Ican'tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuyone.
ThehatyouboughtisbiggerthanthatIbought.
Ican*tfindmyhat.Idon'tknowwhereIputit.
C、another/other/theother/others/theothers
問(wèn)題1:Youngpeoplemaygrowquicklyinsomewaysandmoreslowlyin____.
A.theotherB.someotherC.othersD.theseothers
問(wèn)題2;Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and.
A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite
問(wèn)題3。Noprogresswasmadeinthetradetalkasneitherside
wouldaccepttheconditionsof.
A.othersB.theotherC.eitherD.another
說(shuō)明:
one…theother只有兩個(gè)one…another,another***
some…others,others***others二otherpeople/things
theothers=therest剩余的全部
1)泛指另一個(gè)用another。2)一定范圍內(nèi)兩人(物),一個(gè)用one,另一個(gè)用theothero
3)一定范圍內(nèi)三者,一個(gè)用one,另一個(gè)用one(another),第三個(gè)可用theother,athirdo
4)一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用theothers。
5)除去已有的,表示“還有多少”,一般有三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu):
①another+數(shù)量+名詞;②數(shù)量+other+名詞;③數(shù)量+more+名詞。
D、anyone/anyone;noone/none;nothing
問(wèn)題hPlayingtricksonothersisweshouldneverdo.
A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing
問(wèn)題2;Vehaven,tenoughbooksfor;someofyouwillhavetoshare.
A.somebodyB.anybodyC.everybodyD.nobody
問(wèn)題3MShedoesn'tknowanyonehere.Shehasgottotalkto.
A.anyoneB.someoneC.everyoneD.noone
1.anyone和anyone
anyone僅指,不與of連用;anyone既可指人,也可指物。
2.noone和none
a)none后跟of短語(yǔ),既可指人又可指物,而noone只單獨(dú)使用,只指—。
b)none作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單,復(fù)數(shù)均可,而noone作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是。
ofyoucouldliftit.你們中沒(méi)有人可舉起它。
----Didanyonecallmeupjustnow?--------------.
3.none和nothing
none只指量,指所指的一類(lèi)人或物中一個(gè)都沒(méi)有;
nothing泛指,什么東西都不存在。后面不接of短語(yǔ)。如:
--Arethereanyeggsinthefridge?--.Infact,thereisinthefridge.
E、every和each
問(wèn)題之hegoesoutforsomefood.
A.EveryafewdaysB.EveryfewdaysC.EachfewdaysD.Everyseveraldays
說(shuō)明:1)every強(qiáng)調(diào)的概念,each強(qiáng)調(diào)概念。
Everystudentinourschoolworkshard.Eachstudentmayhaveonebook..
2)every指三個(gè)以上的人或物(含三個(gè)),each指兩個(gè)以上的人或物(含兩個(gè))
3)every只作形容詞,不可單獨(dú)使用。each可作代詞或形容詞。
Everystudenthastotakeone.Eachboyhastotakeone.
Eachoftheboyshastotakeone.
4)every不可以作狀語(yǔ),each可作狀語(yǔ)。Weeachhaveaglasstodrinkwaterwith.
5)every有反復(fù)重復(fù)的意思,如everytwoweeks等;each沒(méi)有。
6)every與not連用,表示部分否定;each和not連用表示全部否定?
_______________并非每個(gè)人都誠(chéng)實(shí)。
_______________________這兒每個(gè)人都不誠(chéng)實(shí)
F、both,either,neither,all,any,none
問(wèn)題1:IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,but___ofthemcame.
A.neitherB.eitherC.noneD.both
問(wèn)題2M-—Doyouwantteaorcoffee?
―.Ireallydon'tmind.A.BothB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither
問(wèn)題3t-—WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?
--------wayasyouplease.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Either
問(wèn)題4t26.IhadtobuythesebooksbecauseIdidn,tknowwhichone
wasthebest.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all
1)both(兩者都),either(兩者中任何一個(gè)),neither(兩者都不)。以上詞使用范圍
為oNeitherofthetwoboysisclever.
注意both,either的用法區(qū)別:both與復(fù)數(shù)連用,either與單數(shù)連用。
Boththeboysclever.Eitherofthetwoboysclever.
Thereareflowersonbothofthestreet.
Thereareflowersoneitherofthestreet.
2)all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一個(gè)),none(都不)。以上詞使用范圍為
Alltheflowersaregone.。
Idon'tlikeanyoftheflowers.
Ilikenoneoftheflowers.________________________
注意:all與none用法一樣。跟單數(shù)名詞,;0,用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
Allofthestudentsthere.All(of)themilkthere.
G、few,little,afew,alittle,abit
問(wèn)題:Althoughhe'swealthy,hespends__onclothes.
A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew
(a)few+,(a)little+
afew/alittle為含義,還有一點(diǎn)
few/little為含義,沒(méi)有多少了。
abitof+名詞
notalittle=;notabit=
Hehasfriends.他有幾個(gè)朋友。
Thereistimeleft.幾乎沒(méi)剩下什么時(shí)間了。
Thereisonlyinkinthebottle.
Wearetiredbecausewehavebeenworkingforalmosttwentyhours.
Althoughhehadwalkedalongway,hedidn,tfeeltired.
考題點(diǎn)擊:
1)--Didyougoonmanyofthehuntingtrips?—No,______.
A.notmuchB.littleatallC.fewerD.veryfew
2)---Areyoufeelingtiredafterthegame?
—_____.Infact,Ifeelquiterelaxed.
A.NotalittleB.NotabitC.NotlittleD.Notbit
3)Tomnevergoesouttoeatbecausehehas___money.
A.fewB.littleC.a1ittleD.afew
4)friendsBettyhadmadetherewereallinvitedtoherbirthdayparty.
A.FewofB.FewC.ThefewD.Afew
6、else的用法
問(wèn)題1
---Victorcertainlycarestoomuchabouthimself.
—Yes.He'sneverinterestedinwhat______isdoing.
A.nooneelseB.anyoneelseC.someoneelseD.nobodyelse
else常與不定代詞連用,用來(lái)表示“別的……人或物”,近幾年已成為高考中的熱點(diǎn)。no
oneelse=nobodyelse,表示“沒(méi)別的人",someoneelse表示“別的某個(gè)人",anyone
else表示“別的任何人”。
7、it的用法
Lit作人稱(chēng)代詞,代替前面提到的事物.2.it指代時(shí)間,季節(jié),距離.
3.it作形式賓語(yǔ),常用在6123結(jié)構(gòu)中.(think,find,make,believe,???)
4.it作形式主語(yǔ).當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞,不定式,從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it作形式主語(yǔ).
5.Itis…that….的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型.
1.代替上文中提到過(guò)的人或事物。指代人時(shí),一般用于o例如:
-Whoisthebaby?-It'smyteacher?sson.
-Whoisthatgentleman?—It?smyfriend,Tom.wantstoseeyou.
【典型例題】
TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_willneedalotofworkbeforetheycan
movein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which
2.用于表達(dá)天氣、環(huán)境、時(shí)間、距離、季節(jié)等。
?It'shalfanhour'swalkfromheretoourschool.
?It'sniceandwarmhere.Butit'stwoo'clocknow,andit'stimeforusto
gotoschool.
注意下列幾種表示時(shí)間的句型
(D.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that…?It9shightimeweleft.
②.Itisthefirst(second...)timethat..
?It'sthefirsttimeIhavebeenpraised.
Itis....since…?It'sthreeyearstheygotmarried.
④.Itis/was...when...?Itwas1949.thePRCwasfounded.
⑤.Itis/was...before…?Itwillbetwoyearswemeetagain.
3.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.
該句型中的it作形式賓語(yǔ)。為了記憶方便我們可稱(chēng)該句型為“6123結(jié)構(gòu)”、
6指主句中常用的動(dòng)詞:,,,,,;
1指的是形式賓語(yǔ);
2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式:或;
3指的是真正賓語(yǔ)的三種形式:不定式短語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
4.Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.
此句型中的真正主語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ),主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性,緊迫性,頻繁程
度,難易,安全等情況的形容詞,常見(jiàn)的形容詞有:①important,necessary,natural
②easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,
impossible,pleasant在①中的形容詞作表語(yǔ)可以用從句改寫(xiě),
如:Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.
=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty
It作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)的幾個(gè)常見(jiàn)句型:
①.Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.
該句型中的不定式如果須要邏輯主語(yǔ),則須要前置介詞,而句型中的形容詞必須是
能表示邏輯主語(yǔ)特征的形容詞,常見(jiàn)的有:bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,
foolish,good(好心的),honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice
(有教養(yǎng)的),polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong
這個(gè)句型可以改寫(xiě)為:sb.iskindtodosth.
②.Ittakessb....todosth.”做…要花某人…”
?Ittookmeagestorepairmycomputer.
③.Itisnogood(use)doingsth.
該句型中的真正主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),主句中的表語(yǔ)可以是nogood,nouse,novalue,
noimportance????It'snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.
④.Itdoesn,tmatterwhether(if)...不論(是否)…沒(méi)關(guān)系…
?Itdoesn,tmatterwhetherheisformyplanornot.
⑤.Ithappens(seems,appears)that...
?IthappenedthatIhadseenthisprobleminsomebook.
⑥.Itissaid(reported,learned....)that據(jù)說(shuō)"(據(jù)報(bào)道,據(jù)悉...)
?ItissaidthathehasgonetoNewYorktoattendamedicalmeeting.
⑦.Itisapity(ashame...)that
?Itisapitythatwehavelostthematchwithaclosescore.
⑧.Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural...)that…
記住that后的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should+動(dòng)詞原形),should可以省去.
⑨.Itissuggested(ordered...)that...that后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should+
動(dòng)詞原形),should可以省.常譯為”據(jù)建議;有命令…)
⑩.Itisuptosb.todosth.該句型為“該由某人做…“。該句型中up
后的tO是O
?ItisuptoparentstoteachtheirchiIdrenmanners.。
..今天應(yīng)由他做教室清潔。
5.Itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that...
將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后.被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),
表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ).強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人,that可以由who換用.如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后,
應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完整無(wú)缺的句子.這也是與其它從句區(qū)別判斷的方法.
注意:Itisnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that...強(qiáng)凋“直到…才…”,需將not置于
until之前
1.Itwasabout600yearsago_thefirstclockwithfaceandanhourhandwas
made.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when
2.computersplaysuchanimportantpartinourdailylife?
A.WhyitisthatB.WhyisitthatC.WhywasitthatD.Whyisit
3.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlyIbegantoappreciatetheir
beauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so
4.Itwashowtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguagesattractedthe
audienceJsinterest.A.sothatB.thatC.whatD.inwhich
三、總結(jié)與鞏固
1.Letpromisenottoquarrelaboutsuchanunimportantmatteranymore.
A.youandIB.IandyouC.yoursandmeD.youandme
2.is_____familythatthevillagersalladmireit.
A.It,suchanunitedB.His,suchaunitedC.Her's,sounitedaD.Theirs,soanunited
3.Areyougoingtobuytheblueshoes?No,Ilike___redonesoverthere.
A.theseB.thoseC.thisD.their
4.---1feelabithungry?Whydon'tyouhave___bread?A.anyB.littleC.someD.a
5.---HaveyouacolorTV?Yes,Ihaveagood___.A.itB.oneC.thatD.ones
6.…Idislikewhenotherslaughatmeinpublicorspeakillofmebehind.
—SodoI.A.themB.thoseC.itD.that
7.Isthisskirt___shelikesbest?A.oneB.thatC.theoneD.which
8.—Howmanyelephantsdidyousee?
A.NoneB.NooneC.NotmanyonesD.Nomany
9.Fdratherrideabikeasbikeridinghasofthetroubleoftakingbuses.
A.muchB.allC.neitherD.none
10.Shewasleftalone,with_tolookafterher.A.someoneB.anyoneC.notoneD.noone
11.ofusknowsthereasonwhywinteriscolderthansummer.
A.EveryoneB.EveryoneC.SomeoneD.All
12.Somepeopleareagainsttheplan,but_supportit.
A.manymoreB.muchmoreC.nomoreD.anymore
13.MaryandJoneshavearrived
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