奶牛營養(yǎng)需要標準

成年母牛維持營養(yǎng)需要體重日干糧奶牛能量產奶凈能粗蛋白可消化粗小腸可消化鈣磷胡蘿卜維生素A（kg）物質（kg）單位（NND）（MJ）（g）蛋白（g）粗蛋白（g）(g)(g)素（mg）(國際單位)3505.029.1728.79374243202211637150004005.5510.1331.08413268224241842170004506.0611.0734.73451293244272048190005006.5611.9737.57488317264302253210005507.0412.8840.38524341284332558230006007.5213.7343.10559364303362764260006507.9814.5945.77594386322393069280007008.4415.4348.41628408340423274300007508.8916.2450.96661430358453479320001.對第一個泌乳期的維持需要按表下表基礎增加20％，第二個泌乳期增加10％。2.如第一個泌乳期的年齡和體重過小，應按生長牛的需要計算實際增重的營養(yǎng)需要。3.上表沒考慮到放牧運動能量消耗。4.在環(huán)境溫度低的情況下，維持能量消耗增加，需在下表基礎上增加需要量，按正文說明計算。5.泌乳期間，每增重1kg體重需要增加8NND和325gDCP；每減重1kg需扣除6.56NND和250gDCP。每產1kg奶的營養(yǎng)需要乳脂日糧干物質奶牛能量產奶凈能粗蛋白質可消化小腸可消化鈣磷率（％）進食量(kg)單位（NND）（MJ）（g）粗蛋白（g）粗蛋白質（g）(g)(g)2.50.31—0.350.802.516849423.62.43.00.34—0.380.872.727451443.92.63.50.37—0.410.932.938053464.22.84.00.40—0.451.003.148555474.53.04.50.43—0.491.063.358957494.83.25.00.46—0.521.133.529759515.13.45.50.49—0.551.193.7210261535.43.6母牛妊娠最后四個月每天的營養(yǎng)需要體重kg懷孕月份日糧干物質kg/d奶牛能量單位產奶凈能MJ/d粗蛋白質可消化粗蛋白質g/d小腸可消化粗蛋白質g/d鈣g/d磷g/d胡蘿卜素mg/d維生素AIU/dNND/d（g）35065.7810.5132.974512932452718672776.2811.4435.9518327275312087.2313.1741.34629375317372298.715.8449.54777437370452540066.311.4735.994893182673020763076.8112.438.92557352297342287.7614.1344.36668400339402499.2216.852.72815462392482745066.8112.438.925283432873322863477.3213.3341.84595377317372488.2715.0747.28706425359432699.7317.7355.65854487412512950067.3113.3241.85653673073625953877.8214.2544.73632401337402788.7815.9950.177434493794629910.2418.6558.54891511432543255067.814.244.5660239132739271054278.3115.1347.49669425357432989.2616.8752.937804733994931910.7219.5361.3928535452573460068.2715.0747.2863741434642291144678.781650.21705448376463189.7317.7355.658154964185233911.220.464.02963558471603665068.7415.9249.9667143636545311245079.2516.8552.897384703954933810.2118.5958.338495184375535911.6721.2566.7997580490633870069.2216.7652.670545838348341335379.7117.6955.537724924135236810.6719.4360.978835404