新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)完形填空滿分攻略考點(diǎn)5 生活常識和文化背景 練考點(diǎn) 熟能生巧（教師版）

考點(diǎn)5生活常識和文化背景--練考點(diǎn)--熟能生巧練高考--心中有數(shù)1.【2022·新高考I卷】Wewerestuckinthemiddleofthelakewithadeadmotor.Asweallsatthere____32____,afishermanpulledup,threwusaropeandtowed(拖)usback.Weweresafe.32.A.patiently B.tirelessly C.doubtfully D.helplessly32.D考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們無助地坐在那里時，一個漁夫停了下來，扔給我們一根繩子并把我們拖了回來。A.patiently耐心地；B.tirelessly不知疲倦地；C.doubtfully懷疑地；D.helplessly無助地。根據(jù)上文“Wewerestuckinthemiddleofthelakewithadeadmotor.”可推知，此處指在天氣惡劣的情況下船無法啟動了，作者與家人十分無助地坐著。故選D。2.【2022·新高考I卷】The___29___pickedupandthunderrolled.29.A.wind B.noise C.temperature D.speed29.A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：狂風(fēng)大作，雷聲隆隆。A.wind風(fēng)；B.noise噪音；C.temperature溫度；D.speed速度。根據(jù)上文“stormsmoveinfastinthemountains”可推知，此處指大風(fēng)刮了起來。故選A。3.【2022·新高考全國Ⅱ】Likemanyyoungpeople,Jessicawantstotraveltheglobe.Unlikemostofthem,this25-year-oldisdoingitfull-time.Sheandherhusbandhavespentthelasttwoyearstravelingtheworld,stoppingeverywherefromParistoSingapore.Itmightsoundlikeonelong,expensive___22___,butthecouplehasanunusualwaytomaketheirtravelaffordable.22．A．game B．service C．vacation D．procedure22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這聽起來像是一個漫長而昂貴的假期，但這對夫婦有一種不同尋常的方式讓他們的旅行負(fù)擔(dān)得起。A.game游戲；B.service服務(wù)；C.vacation假期；D.procedure手續(xù)。結(jié)合上文可知Jessica在環(huán)球旅行，所以是假期。故選C?！咎崾尽?5歲進(jìn)行為期2年的旅行，根據(jù)常識應(yīng)該是度假。不然25歲的年輕人要工作。4.【2022·新高考全國Ⅱ】They’repartofanewformofthesharingeconomy:anonlinegroupofhousesitters.Throughouttheirno-coststaysinstrangers’homes,theyfeedpetsandwaterplantsinthehomeowner’s___26___.26．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．a(chǎn)bsence26．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在他們免費(fèi)住在陌生人家里的過程中，他們會在房主不在的時候喂寵物、給植物澆水。A.favor幫助；B.defense防御；C.honor榮譽(yù)；D.absence缺席。根據(jù)上文“theyfeedpetsandwaterplantsinthehomeowner’s”指在房主不在的時候喂寵物、給植物澆水。故選D?！咎崾尽扛鶕?jù)常識，只有主人不在家時，才能給他們澆花、為寵物。故選absence。5.【2022·全國甲卷】Formanyyears,Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs,TillyandChance.Their___41___wasnearlyenoughtokeepmylonelinessatbay.41.A.ownership B.membership C.companionship D.leadership41.C它們的陪伴幾乎足以讓我遠(yuǎn)離孤獨(dú)。A.ownership所有權(quán)；B.membership會員；C.companionship陪伴；D.leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上文中的“Formanyyears,Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs,TillyandChance.多年來，我喜歡和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起，可知，狗狗陪伴著作者，讓作者遠(yuǎn)離孤獨(dú)。故選C?！咎崾尽筐B(yǎng)狗作伴遠(yuǎn)離孤獨(dú)是常識。6.【2021·全國新高考I卷】Mylifeasatax-payingemployedpersonbeganinmiddleschool,when,forthreewholedays,Iworkedinabakingfactory.MybestfriendBetsy’sfatherwasamanageratHoughBakeries,which,atEastertime,madelittlebunny(兔子)cakesforallits42throughoutCleveland.42．A．stores B．families C．schools D．citizens【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父親是霍夫面包店的經(jīng)理，在復(fù)活節(jié)期間，這家面包店為克利夫蘭所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A.stores商店；B.families家庭；C.schools學(xué)校；D.citizens市民。根據(jù)“throughoutCleveland”結(jié)合生活常識，可知這里指的是這家面包店為克利夫蘭所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故選A。7.【2021·全國新高考I卷】Dad53.Thesonofagrocer,he’dspentthesummersofhischildhooddeliveringfoodinBenardsville,NewJersey.Thiswasthesortofworkthatmadeyouappreciatethedollarsyouearnedandrespectthosewhodidthework,hetoldme.53．A．cried B．smiled C．hesitated D．refused【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：父親笑了。A.cried哭了；B.smiled微笑；C.hesitated猶豫；D.refused拒絕。根據(jù)“Thesonofagrocer,he'dspentthesummersofhischildhooddeliveringfoodinBemardsville,NewJersey.Thiswasthesortofworkthatmadeyouappreciatethedollarsyouearnedandrespectthosewhodidthework,hetoldme.”結(jié)合生活常識，可知父親看到我在第一次掙錢的經(jīng)歷中有所感悟和收獲，聯(lián)想到自己童年時類似的經(jīng)歷，父親會心的笑了。故選B。8.【2021·全國新高考I卷】Thiswasthesortofworkthatmadeyou55thedollarsyouearnedandrespectthosewhodidthework,hetoldme.55．A．withdraw B．donate C．receive D．a(chǎn)ppreciate【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他告訴我，這種工作能讓你感激得到的報酬，并尊重那些從事這項(xiàng)工作的人。A.withdraw撤退；B.donate捐贈；C.receive收到；D.appreciate欣賞。根據(jù)“thedollarsyouearned”結(jié)合生活常識，可知孩子們會感激并且非常珍惜自己勞動得到的報酬。故選D。9.【2021·英語全國甲卷】It'stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblameforgettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria,Canada.Burchillwas21atthehotelonbusinessandplanningtovisitsomefriendsinthearea.21．A．studying B．staying C．looking D．packing【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Burchill出差，當(dāng)時正在酒店收拾行李，準(zhǔn)備去拜訪當(dāng)?shù)氐囊恍┡笥?。A.studying研究；B.staying停留；C.looking看；D.packing包裝。根據(jù)“Burchillwas21atthehotelonbusinessandplanningtovisitsomefriendsinthearea.”及生活常識可知，Burchill出差住在酒店，準(zhǔn)備去拜訪當(dāng)?shù)氐囊恍┡笥眩匀皇窃诰频晔帐靶欣?。故選D。10.【2021·英語全國甲卷】Theseagullsimmediatelywentwild.Theyrushedtothewindow,30or40birdsalltryingto33atthesametime,andpepperoni—everywhere.Thecurtainswerefallingdown,thelampswerefallingdown,Itwasarealmess.33．A．wakeup B．getout C．takeoff D．breakin【答案】B【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：它們沖到窗口，30或40只鳥都想同時出去，到處都是意大利香腸。A.wakeup醒來；B.getout出去；C.takeoff起飛；D.breakin闖入。根據(jù)“Theyrushedtothewindow”及生活常識可知，鳥看到人類很害怕，想同時從窗戶逃出去。故選B。11.【2021·英語全國甲卷】Olderandwisernow,Burchillchalkeduptheincidenttoyouthfulindiscretion(莽撞).“IhavematuredandIadmitresponsibilityofmyactions,”hesaidintheletter.“Icometoyou,37,toapologizeforthe-damageIhadindirectlycausedandtoaskyoutoreconsidermylifetimebanfromthehotel.”37．A．handsinpocket B．noseintheair C．hatinhand D．feetontheground【答案】C【解析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：我來找你，恭恭敬敬地，為我間接造成的傷害道歉并請求您重新考慮我被終身禁止入住酒店的決定。A.handsinpocket手放在口袋里；B.noseintheair目中無人；C.hatinhand畢恭畢敬地；D.feetontheground腳踏實(shí)地。根據(jù)“toapologizeforthe-damageIhadindirectlycausedandtoaskyoutoreconsidermylifetimebanfromthehotel.”及生活常識可知，向別人道歉，應(yīng)該表明自己是畢恭畢敬地。故選C。12.【2021年1月浙江高考】Butonthelastnightwewerecaughtinathunderstorm.Iwokeupatmidnighttofindaswimmingpoolinmytent.Thetemperaturewascloseto31.Ihadtospendtherestofthenighttremblingintheonlydrypartofmytent.31．A．boiling B．a(chǎn)verage C．normal D．freezing【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：溫度接近零度。A.boiling煮沸的的；B.average平均的；C.normal正常的；D.freezing冰凍的。根據(jù)下文“trembling”得知溫度很低。故選D。13.【2020·海南卷】Pullinguptothebuilding,Grantsawflames（火焰）shootingoutofasecond-floorwindow.NotseeingorhearinganyfireenginesapproachingGrantrushedtoasideentranceandranupthestairs.Onthesecondfloor,he45everyapartmentdoor."Getout!"Grantshouted,Noonerespondedandheassumedthatpeoplehadalreadyescaped.45.A.lockedB.kickedC.countedD.repaired【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在二樓，他踢了每個公寓的門。A.locked鎖；B.kicked踢；C.counted計(jì)算；D.repaired修。根據(jù)上文可知，大樓著火了。格蘭特沖上樓去救火，所以踢門符合題意，是為了看里面是否有人。故選B。14.【2020·山東省高考英語試卷（新高考全國Ⅰ卷)】Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseekshelterduringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe29departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.29．A．labor B．police C．forest D．finance【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他向森林部門求助，但被告知那里什么也不長。A.labor勞動；B.police警察；C.forest森林；D.finance財(cái)政，金融。根據(jù)前一句中的”Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttrees”可知，Molai想要種樹，所以他應(yīng)該向”森林”部門求助。故選C。15.【2020·浙江卷】Lambandmotherreunited,Iturnedbacktothetractoronlytoseeitmovesuddenlyawayfromme.ThiswassounexpectedbecauseIhadputthehandbrakeonwhenIjumpedout.ObviouslyDonhadsomehowmadethe42move.42．A．lamb B．vehicle C．seat D．fence【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：顯然，Don以某種方式使車子動了起來。A.lamb小羊；B.vehicle車輛；C.seat座位；D.fence柵欄。根據(jù)Iturnedbacktothetractoronlytoseeitmovesuddenlyawayfromme.可知我轉(zhuǎn)過身去看拖拉機(jī)，卻看見它突然離開了我。所以這里指的是Don開走了我的車。故選B。16.【2020·全國新課標(biāo)II】ItwasjustaftersunriseonaJunemorning.“Nicolo,”whoserealnamecannotbe41tothepublicbecauseofItaly’sprivacylaws,finishedworkingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.41．A．a(chǎn)ttached B．a(chǎn)llocated C．exposed D．submitted【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工廠的工作，他的真實(shí)名字因意大利的隱私法不能暴露給公眾。A.attached參加；B.allocated分配；C.exposed暴露；D.submitted上交。根據(jù)下文的becauseofItaly'sprivacy可知此處用beexposedto“暴露”符合語境，故選C。17.【2020·全國新課標(biāo)III】They’llhaveouthalfthe45intheshop,andwanttheonlystyleyoudon’thaveleftinaparticularcolour.Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethem（售貨員）tokeepsmiling.45.A.foods B.catalogues C.belongings D.goods【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們會試用商店里一半的商品，只想要一種你沒有那種特別顏色的存貨。A.foods食物；B.catalogues目錄；C.belongings所有物；D.goods商品。結(jié)合后文intheshops可知此處指的是商店里的商品。其它選項(xiàng)不符合語境。故選D。18.【2019·全國II】Ehlerseventuallysucceededincoaxingtheanimal（thedog）tohim.Nervousnessandfearwerereplacedwith___49___.It（thedog）juststartedlicking(舔)Ehlers’face.49.A.surprise B.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)空格前面的Nervousnessandfearwerereplaced緊張不安和恐懼被取代了，以及后面的Itjuststartedlicking(舔)Ehlers’face這條狗添著Ehlers的臉，因此說明它感到了快樂。hesitation猶豫；anxiety焦慮。19.【2018·全國II】Twoweeksearlier.myson.Ben,hadgotintouch,he’dmovedtoEnglandwithhismumwhenhewasthreeandithadbeen13yearssinceI’dlastseenhim.Soimaginemy___42___whenheemailedmesayinghewantedtocometovisitme.42.A.delight B.relief C.anger D.worry【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文可知，13年沒有見到自己的兒子，突然收到兒子的電子郵件，并且說要來看自己。由此可以推知，我很快樂、開心。A.delight高興，愉快；B.relief(痛苦、憂慮等的)解除，減輕；C.anger怒，忿怒；D.worry擔(dān)心。故選A。20.【2019·全國卷III】Ofcourse,wenoticeitwhenthesunisshining,"saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown’stourismoffice.“Weseetheskyis___43___,butdowninthevalleyit’sdarker—it’slikeonacloudyday.”43.A.empty B.blue C.high D.wide【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.empty空的；B.blue藍(lán)色的；C.high搞得；D.wide寬的。根據(jù)常識可知，有太陽的時候，天空是藍(lán)色的，故選B。21.【2019·全國卷III】Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthatdirectsthemtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthe___50___andtocloseduringwindyweather.50.A.day B.night C.month D.year【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.day白天；B.night夜晚；C.month月；D.year年。根據(jù)文章可知，太陽光出現(xiàn)在白天，故選A。練模擬--熟能生巧I.微型完形填空1.【2022屆江蘇省海安高級中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期5月階段檢測】15yearsago,whenIwasplayingbasketballinoneofAustralia’spremierbasketballleagues,Irememberasportspsychologistwehadfortheseason.Asyoungprofessionalathleteswithhighegos(自我價值感),theteamwerenotquiteconvincedthetechniquesofpsychologywouldimprove

performance,especiallywhenitdidn’tinvolveusingthephysicalstrengthandenduranceneededto__22__theweeksoftrainingandgames.I,ontheotherhand,wasinterested.22．A．compensatefor B．preparefor C．toughout D．showup22．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：作為一群年輕又自視甚高的職業(yè)運(yùn)動員，大家都不太相信心理技術(shù)可以提高成績，特別是當(dāng)它不需要動用身體力量和耐力來挺過數(shù)周的訓(xùn)練和比賽時。A.compensatefor補(bǔ)償；B.preparefor為……準(zhǔn)備；C.toughout挺過去，生活艱難；D.showup露面。根據(jù)常識可知，日復(fù)一日的訓(xùn)練和打比賽需要強(qiáng)大的體力和耐力才能支撐下來，然而文中的心理學(xué)家讓這些隊(duì)員們使用心理學(xué)的辦法來應(yīng)對。toughout意為“勇敢地承受，挺過去”，符合語境。故選C。2.【江蘇南通如皋中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三5月模擬】Hehasbeenworkingstraightfordays.Everyday,hearrivesattheworkstationat7:30inthemorningandbegins____23____,sorting,checkingaddressesandloadinggoodsontohisthree-wheeledmotorcycle.Afterthat,hebeginshisshiftofroughly10hours.23．A．disturbing B．complaining C．reading D．unloading23．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每天早上7點(diǎn)半到工位，開始卸貨、分類、核對地址，把貨物裝上三輪摩托車。A.disturbing打擾；B.complaining抱怨；C.reading閱讀；D.unloading卸載。根據(jù)下文“sorting,checkingaddressesandloadinggoodsontohisthree-wheeledmotorcycle”及常識可知，快遞員會先卸載貨物，然后分類、核對、進(jìn)行派送。故選D。3.【江蘇南通如皋中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三5月模擬】“Idelivergoodstoaround80householdseachdayduringthecoronavirusoutbreak,about20percentlessthanaveragebecausealargeportionofmigrantworkersarestill____26____intheirhometowns.”26．A．hired B．monitored C．observed D．stuck26．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在冠狀病毒爆發(fā)期間，我每天給大約80戶家庭送貨，比平均水平低約20%，因?yàn)榇蟛糠洲r(nóng)民工仍被困在家鄉(xiāng)。A.hired雇傭；B.monitored監(jiān)控；C.observed觀察；D.stuck卡住。根據(jù)上文“duringthecoronavirusoutbreak”及常識可知，由于疫情，很多人可能被封控在了家鄉(xiāng)。故選D。4.【江蘇省海安市2021-2022學(xué)年高三年級上學(xué)期期中】Finkelinventedauniquenameforeverypieceinthepalaceset.ThenshespentcountlesshourstypingbuildinginstructionsinBraille(盲文)thatspelledouthowto24themalltogether.24．A．fit B．fix C．mix D．gather【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后她花了無數(shù)個小時用盲文輸入拼裝說明，用來解釋如何將它們拼裝在一起。A.fit適合；B.fix安裝；C.mix混合；D.gather聚集。根據(jù)常識可知，有了盲文的拼裝說明盲人才知道如何將這些積木安裝在一起。故選B。5.【2022屆江蘇省南通市新高考基地學(xué)校高三第四次大聯(lián)考】JustthenIheardthemanatthemachinenexttominecomplaining.Heonlyhadafewitemsbuteverytimeheputhis____29____twentydollarbillintothemachineitspititbackout.Iquicklygrabbedanewertwentyoutofmywalletandgaveittohim.Hethankedmewithawarmsmile.29．A．frozen B．folded C．broken D．wrinkled29．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他只有幾樣?xùn)|西，但每次他把那張皺巴巴的20美元鈔票放進(jìn)機(jī)器里，機(jī)器就把鈔票吐出來。A.frozen結(jié)冰的；B.folded折疊的；C.broken破碎的；D.wrinkled有皺紋的。由第12空后的“hisoldtwenty”和常識可知，塞進(jìn)自助結(jié)帳機(jī)的錢如果是皺的，它就會把錢吐出來。故選D。6.【2022屆江蘇省如東高級中學(xué)、姜堰中學(xué)、沭陽高級中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期4月份階段性測試聯(lián)考】ButmyjawdroppedtothefloorwhenIfoundMrs.Hutfilz,myEnglishteacher,wearingthesamedressasIdid.Ikeptmyheaddownandtiptoedtomyseat,butthefirstdaymeant____46____infrontoftheclass,andsoonenoughitwasmyturn.Imadeitthroughmyminutespeech,untilHutfilzstoodup,jokinglyaddingshelikedmystyle.46．A．introductions B．performances C．lectures D．debates46．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我一直低著頭，躡手躡腳地走到座位上，但第一天意味著要在全班同學(xué)面前做自我介紹，很快就輪到我了。A.introductions介紹；B.performances表現(xiàn)；C.lectures演講；D.debates辯論。根據(jù)上文“butthefirstdaymeant”以及常識，上學(xué)第一天要做自我介紹。故選A。7.【江蘇省徐州市第七中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期4月學(xué)情調(diào)研】ShestartedpumpingSimmons's___33___withherinterlockedfingersandbreathingintoherfriend'smouthinhopesoffillingherlungswiththekissoflife.Andthen,Simmonsbegancoughingandgaspingforair.TheCPRhadworked!33．A．stomach B．chest C．back D．leg33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她開始用交叉的手指按壓西蒙斯的胸部，并向她朋友的嘴里呼吸，希望能讓她的肺里充滿生命之吻。A.stomach胃；B.chest胸部；C.back后背；D.leg腿。由“pumpingSimmons's_____withherinterlockedfingers”及常識可知，CPR是用交叉的手指按壓病人的胸部，即心臟所在的位置，故選B。8.【2022屆江蘇省南京市、鹽城市高三第二次模擬】Iwasthekidthattriednevertocomplain.Iwasokaywithenduringasix-hourdriveina(n)smallcarwithmykneestomychest.Iwasokaywitheatingburntorundercookedfood.Butthisallergyfinallyletmefeel_____50_____saying“no”.Ifinallyfeltfreetorefusetogoplacesordothingswheremyallergieswouldactup.50．A．comfortable B．proud C．a(chǎn)wkward D．a(chǎn)shamed50．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但過敏終于讓我放心地說“不”了。A.comfortable舒適的；B.proud驕傲的，自豪的；C.awkward尷尬的，笨拙的；D.ashamed羞愧的。結(jié)合常識可知，用自己的過敏來拒絕別人不會讓作者感到不舒服。故選A。9.【2022屆江蘇省南京市、鹽城市高三第二次模擬】Yes,myhayallergy_____53_____someactivities,butit’salsogivenmeabroaderappreciationforexperiencesIactuallylikeandwantmoreof.I’mgratefultobegettingadoginsteadofabunny.Let’sbehonest,abunnybringsyoumoretrouble.53．A．ignores B．offers C．covers D．limits53．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：是的，我的干草過敏限制了我的一些活動，但它也讓我更廣泛地欣賞我真正喜歡和想要的體驗(yàn)。A.ignores忽略；B.offers提供，主動提出；C.covers覆蓋，支付，報道；D.limits限制。結(jié)合常識可知，呼應(yīng)下文broader，此處指過敏限制了作者的活動。故選D。10.【福建省福州市八縣（市、區(qū)）一中2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考】Mydadchosea16-milesectionoftheroadforustoride.PartofitincludedanoldtunnelcalledSidelingHillwhichisoveramilelong!To45,wecheckedourtiresandmadesureourlightshadbatteries.Inthemorning,weloadedourbikesintothecarandsetoff.45．A．prepare B．register C．cooperate D．participate【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：為了做好準(zhǔn)備，我們檢查了車胎，并確保車燈里裝了電池。A.prepare準(zhǔn)備；B.register登記；C.cooperate合作；D.participate參與。根據(jù)后文“wecheckedourtiresandmadesureourlightshadbatteries.”說作者和父親檢查了車胎，并確保車燈里裝了電池，結(jié)合常識可知，這些都是公路探險前的準(zhǔn)備工作，故選A。II.完形填空【2022屆江蘇省蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市高三教學(xué)情況調(diào)查（一）】TheLastRobot-ProofJobinAmerica?Youcangetmostfood,suchaswarmcookiesorvodka,toyourdoorstepinminutes.Buttrygettingaredsnapper(紅鯛魚).Untilrecently,ifyoucouldobtainit,itwouldlikelyhavebeenpre-frozenandshippedinfromoverseas.Anewtechstartupisaimingto______1______thissituation.BasedinsidetheFultonFishMarket,aseafoodwholesalemarket,thestartup,calledFultonFishM,allowscustomersacrossthewholecountry,bothrestaurantsandindividuals,tobuyfromthemarket.Thefishisshipped______2______,ratherthanfrozen,thankstoanAmazonadvancedlogisticssystem.MikeSpindler,thecompany’sC．E.O.,saidrecently,“IcangetafishtoWarrenBuffett,that’sasfreshasifhe’dwalkeddowntothepier(碼頭)andboughtitthatmorning.”Thereisonething,______3______,thatthesophisticatedlogisticssystemcannotdo:pickoutafish.IfWarrenBuffettordersaredsnapper,thecompanyneedsto______4______thathisfishisactuallyredsnapper,andnotsomeother.Accordingtotheocean-conservationorganization,morethan20%oftheseafoodinrestaurantsandgrocerystoresinAmericais_____5_____.Forthistask,thecompanyhasemployedRobertDiGregorio,aforty-seven-yearveteranofthebusiness,whopossessesablendofjudgementand_____6_____knowledgethat,sofar,computershaveyettoreplicate.“_____7_____thefood-safetystuff,ourbusinesscouldbeanymarketfromthelastthreethousandyearsofhumanhistory,”Spindlertoldme.Heisexperiencedinthe_____8_____business.Whenhearrivedatthefishmarketin2014,peoplewerecautious.“TheythoughtsellingfishontheInternetwas_____9_____.”DiGregoriosaid,speakingforthefishmongers(魚販).“Theydidn’tseehowitcouldpossiblywork.”Fiveyearsago,DeGregoriodidn’tknowhowtouseacomputer,butwhentheWeb-sitepeoplearrivedatthemarket,hesensedanopportunity.Together,they’vecreatedahuman-machinefish-buyingoperation.By1a.m.eachnight,thecompanycollects_____10_____fromaroundthecountryandsendsthemtoDiGregorio.Heheadsintothemarket,carryinghistabletcomputer.Thecompany’salgorithms（算法）_____11_____dataontheirsourcesandcantellDiGregorio,forexample,whichstalltogotogetthebesttuna(金槍魚).Thecomputerisa“l(fā)earningsystem,”,soifDiGregoriomakesachoiceitdidn’t_____12_____,itasks,“Wasthefishnotavailable?Wasitdamaged?”Allthatinformationisfedbackinfornexttime.Then,whatcanafishmongerseethatacomputercan’t?DeGregorioshowedmehispartofthe_____13_____process.“I’massessingafewthings,”hesaid.First,_____14_____.Fishshouldhave“nice”slime(粘液).Then,smell.Hesniffedtheairabovethebox.“whenfishgoesbad,itsmellslikeammonia.”Besides,togetthebeststuff,“Fishmongershavetohavearelationshipwithyou.Totrustyou.”Headded.Isheever_____15_____beingreplacedbythelearningsystemofcomputers?DiGregorioshrugged.“BythetimetheyinventacomputerthatcandowhatIcando,”hesaid,“I’llbedead.”1．A．maintain B．remedy C．substitute D．recognize2．A．free B．overseas C．separate D．fresh3．A．therefore B．otherwise C．however D．thus4．A．ensure B．propose C．concede D．remind5．A．overpriced B．misidentified C．displaced D．modified6．A．computer B．cuisine C．fish D．marketing7．A．Ratherthan B．Thanksto C．Exceptfor D．Priorto8．A．fund-raising B．online-grocery C．fish-selling D．non-profit9．A．significant B．worthy C．responsible D．ridiculous10．A．sales B．orders C．a(chǎn)lternatives D．statistics11．A．a(chǎn)nalyze B．supply C．prioritize D．feed12．A．require B．process C．predict D．value13．A．calculation B．decoding C．correction D．selection14．A．smash B．touch C．wipe D．roll15．A．concernedabout B．eagerfor C．delightedwith D．capableof【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．A5．B6．C7．C8．B9．D10．B11．A12．C13．D14．B15．A【解析】本文是說明文，介紹了一家公司是如何用人機(jī)結(jié)合的方式在網(wǎng)上賣新鮮的活魚的。1．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一家新興的科技公司正致力于解決這一問題。A.maintain維持；B.remedy改進(jìn)、解決；C.substitute替代；D.recognize認(rèn)出。上文說你可以在幾分鐘內(nèi)讓你買的大多數(shù)食物，如熱餅干或伏特加，送到你家門口。但你買的紅鯛魚卻不行，在根據(jù)空后的介紹可知此處是說一家科技公司正努力解決這個問題，故B項(xiàng)正確。2．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：