2015年06月四級(jí)真題第1套

PAGEPAGE1020156PartI Writing (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthencommentonthiskindofmodernlife.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartII ListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)AnearthquakehittingLahoreinPakistan.Rescueoperationaftertheearthquake.Afactorybuildingbeingdamagedintheearthquake.Reliefworkinthecollapsedfactorybuilding.A)Concreteandbricks. C)Plasticbags.Heavymachines. D)Buildingmaterials.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Itscolorchoices. C)Itsprice.Itshardware. D)Itssize.A)About500dollars. C)About300dollars.About400dollars. D)About100dollars.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Therepeatedchemotherapy. C)Thestemcelltransplant.Theimmunesystemtreatment. D)Thebonemarrowtransplant.A)About33. C)About50.About35. D)About94.A)Improvingcancer-fightingabilityofimmunecells.Encouragingpatientswithskinorlungcancers.Healingtheleukemiapatientsinasingletreatment.D)Eradicatinginvadingvirusesandbacteria.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Itspecializesinsafetyfromleaks. C)Ithasachemicalprocessingplant.ItisheadquarteredinLondon. D)IthasapartnershipwithLCP.A)Heisasafetyinspector. C)Heisachemist.HeisMr.Grand'sfriend. D)Heisasalesman.A)Thepublicrelationsofficer. C)Mr.Grand'spersonalassistant.Headofthepersonneldepartment. D)Directorofthesafetydepartment.A)Sendacomprehensivedescriptionoftheirwork.Providedetailsoftheirproductsandservices.LeaveamessageforMr.Grand.WaitforMr.Grandtocallback.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)ShelistenedtorecordingsofmanyEuropeanorchestras.ShereadalotaboutEuropeanmusiciansandtheirmusic.ShedreamedofworkingandlivinginaEuropeancountry.ShelearnedplayingtheviolinfromafamousFrenchmusician.A)ShewasapupilofafamousEuropeanviolinist.Shegaveherfirstperformancewithherfather.Shebecameaprofessionalviolinistatfifteen.Shebegantakingviolinlessonsasasmallchild.14.A)In1955. C)In1964.B)In1961. D)In1970.A)Itwasthechanceofalifetime.Itwasagreatchallengetoher.Itgaveherachancetoexplorethecity.IthelpedherlearnclassicalFrenchmusic.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Therearemysteriousstoriesbehindhisworks.Hispersonalhistoryislittleknown.Hisworkshavenomatchworldwide.Therearemanymisunderstandingsabouthim.A)Heonceworkedinawell-knownactingcompany.HemovedtoStratford-on-Avoninhischildhood.Hefailedtogobeyondgrammarschool.Hewasamemberofthetowncouncil.A)Peopleofhistimehadlittleinterestinhim.Hisworkswereadaptedbeyondrecognition.Possiblesourcesofcluesabouthimwerelostinafire.Writersofhistimehadnomeanstoprotecttheirworks.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Theft. C)Cheating.B)Aircrash. D)Roadaccidents.A)Learnthelocalcustoms. C)Bookticketswellinadvance.B)Havetherightdocuments. D)Makehotelreservations.A)Contactyouragent. C)Getaliftifpossible.B)Useofficialtransport. D)Haveafriendmeetyou.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Cutdownproductioncost. C)Sellinexpensiveproducts.B)Refinethetasteofhisgoods. D)Specialiseingoldornaments.A)AtameetingoftopBritishbusinesspeople.C)Duringalivetelevisioninterview.B)Duringalocalsalespromotioncampaign.D)Atanationalpressconference.A)Discouraged. C)Puzzled.B)Distressed. D)Insulted.A)Heisnotlaughedat,thatlaughsathimselffirst.Thereshouldbealimittoone'ssenseofhumour.Hewhoneverlearnsfromthepastisboundtofail.Thewordsofsomebusinesspeoplearejustrubbish.PartIIIReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Question36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asateacher,youcouldbringthecommunityintoyourclassroominmanyways.Theparentsandgrandparentsofyourstudentsareresourcesand36fortheirchildren.Theycanbe37teachersoftheirowntraditionsandhistories.Immigrantparentscouldtalkabouttheircountryof38andwhytheyemigratedtotheUnitedStates.Parentscanbeinvitedtotalkabouttheirjobsoracommunityproject.Parents,ofcourse,arenottheonlycommunityresources.Employeesatlocalbusinessesandstaffatcommunityagencieshave39informationtoshareinclassrooms.Fieldtripsprovideanotheropportunitytoknowthecommunity.Manystudentsdon’thavetheopportunityto40concertsorvisitmuseumsorhistoricalsitesexceptthroughfieldtrips.Aschooldistrictshouldhave41forselectingandconductingfieldtrips.Familiesmustbemade42offieldtripsandgivepermissionfortheirchildrentoparticipate.Throughschoolprojects,studentscanlearntobe43incommunityprojectsrangingfromplantingtreestocleaningupaparktoassistingelderlypeople.Students,44olderones,mightconductresearchonacommunityneedthatcouldleadtoactionbyacitycouncilorstategovernment.Someschoolsrequirestudentstoprovidecommunityserviceby45inanursinghome,childcarecenterorgovernmentagency.Theseprojectshelpstudentsunderstandtheirresponsibilitytothelargercommunity.A)assetsI)joiningB)attendJ)naturallyC)awareK)observeD)especiallyL)originE)excellentM)recruitedF)expensiveN)up-to-dateG)guidelinesO)volunteeringH)involvedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ReapingtheRewardsofRisk-TakingSinceSteveJobsresignedaschiefexecutiveofApple,muchhasbeensaidabouthimasapeerlessbusinessleaderwhohascreatedimmensewealthforshareholders,andguidedthedesignofhitproductsthataretransformingentireindustries,likemusicandmobilecommunications.Alltrue,butlet’sthinkdifferent,toborrowtheApplemarketingsloganofyearsback.Let’slookatMr.Jobsasarolemodel.Aboveall,heisaninnovator(創(chuàng)新者）.HiscreativeforceisseeninproductssuchastheiPod,iPhone,andiPad,andinnewbusinessmodelsforpricinganddistributingmusicandmobilesoftwareonline.Studiesofinnovationcometothesameconclusion:youcan’tengineerinnovation,butyoucanincreasetheoddsofitoccurring.AndMr.Jobs’careercanbeviewedasaconsistentpursuitofimprovingthoseodds,bothforhimselfandthecompanieshehasled.Mr.Jobs,ofcourse,hasenjoyedsingularsuccess.Butinnovation,broadlydefined,isthecrucialingredientinalleconomicprogress—highergrowthfornations,morecompetitiveproductsforcompanies,andmoreprosperouscareersforindividuals.AndMr.Jobs,manyexpertssay,exemplifieswhatworksintheinnovationgame.“WecanlookatandlearnfromSteveJobswhattheessenceofAmericaninnovationis,”saysJohnKao,aninnovationconsultanttocorporationsandgovernments.Manyothernations,Mr.JohnKaonotes,arenowaheadoftheUnitedStatesinproducingwhatareconsideredtherawmaterialsofinnovation.Theseincludegovernmentfinancingforscientificresearch,nationalpoliciestosupportemergingindustries,educationalachievement,engineersandscientistsgraduated,eventhespeedsofInternetbroadbandservice.”Yetwhatothernationstypicallylack,Mr.Kaoadds,isasocialenvironmentthatencouragesdiversity,experimentation,risk-taking,andcombiningskillsfrommanyfieldsintoproductsthathecalls“recombinantmash-ups(打碎重組),”liketheiPhone,whichredefinedthesmartphonecategory.“Thecultureofothercountriesdoesn’tsupportthekindofinnovationthatSteveJobsexemplifies,asAmericadoes,”Mr.JohnKaosays.Workersofeveryrankaretoldthesedaysthatwide-rangingcuriosityandcontinuouslearningarevitaltothrivinginthemodemeconomy.Formaleducationmatters,careercounselorssay,butreal-lifeexperienceisoftenevenmorevaluable.Anadoptedchild,growingupinSiliconValley,Mr.Jobsdisplayedthosetraitsearlyon.Hewasfascinatedbyelectronicsasachild,buildingHeathkitdo-it-yourselfprojects,likeradios.Mr.JobsdroppedoutofReedCollegeafteronlyasemesterandtraveledaroundIndiainsearchofspiritualenlightenment,beforereturningtoSiliconValleytofoundApplewithhisfriend,StephenWozniak,anengineeringwizard(奇才).Mr.JobswasforcedoutofApplein1985,wentoffandfoundedtwoothercompanies,NextandPixar,beforereturningtoApplein1996andbecomingchiefexecutivein1997.Hispathwasunique,butinnovationexpertssaythepatternofexplorationisnotunusual.“It’softenpeoplelikeSteveJobswhocandrawfromadeepreservoirofdiverseexperiencesthatoftengeneratebreakthroughideasandinsights,”saysHalGregersen,aprofessorattheEuropeanInstituteofBusinessAdministration.Mr.Gregersenisaco-authorofanewbook,TheInnovator’sDNA,whichisbasedonaneight-yearstudyof5000(創(chuàng)業(yè)者）andexecutivesworldwide.Histwocollaboratorsandco-authorsareJeffDyer,aprofessoratBrighamYoungUniversity,andClaytonChristensen,aprofessorattheHarvardBusinessSchool,whose1997bookTheInnovatorsDilemmapopularizedtheconceptofdisruptive(顛覆性的）innovation.”Theacademicsidentifyfivetraitsthatarecommontothedisruptiveinnovators:questioning,experimenting,observing,associatingandnetworking.Theirbundleofcharacteristicsechoestheceaselesscuriosityandwillingnesstotakerisksnotedbyotherexperts.Networking,Mr.HalGregersenexplains,islessaboutcareer-buildingrelationshipsthanaconsistentsearchfornewideas.Associating,headds,istheabilitytomakeidea-producingconnectionsbylinkingconceptsfromdifferentdisciplines.“Innovatorsengageinthesementalactivitiesregularly,”Mr.Gregersensays.“It’sahabitforthemInnovativecompanies,accordingtotheauthors,typicallyenjoyhighervaluationsinthestockmarket,whichtheycallaninnovationpremium(溢價(jià)）.”Itiscalculatedbyestimatingtheshareofacompany’svaluethatcannotbeaccountedforbyitscurrentproductsandcashflow.Theinnovationpremiumtriestoquantify(量化)investors’betsthatacompanywilldoevenbetterinthefuturebecauseofinnovation.Apple,bytheircalculations,hada37percentinnovationpremiumduringMr.Jobs’firsttermwiththecompany.Hisyearsinexileresultedina31percentinnovationdiscount.Afterhisreturn,Appletfortunesimprovedgraduallyatfirst,andimprovedmarkedlystartingin2005,yieldinga52percentinnovationpremiumsincethen. Thereisnoconclusiveproof,butMr.HalGregersensaysitisunlikelythatMr.Jobscouldhavereshapedindustriesbeyondcomputing,ashehasdoneinhissecondtermatApple,withouttheexperienceoutsidethecompany,especiallyatPixar—thecreatedastringofcriticallyandcommerciallysuccessfulmovies,suchasToyStoryand“Up.”Mr.JobssuggestedmuchthesamethingduringacommencementaddresstothegraduatingclassatStanfordUniversityin2005.“ItturnedoutthatgettingfiredfromApplewasthebestthingthatcouldhaveeverhappenedtome,”hetoldthestudents.Mr.Jobsalsospokeofperseverance(堅(jiān)持）andwillpower.Sometimeslifehitsyouintheheadwithabrick,”hesaid.“Don’tlosefaith.”MarkD.Shermis,aprofessorattheUniversityofAkroninOhio,supervisedtheHewlettFoundation’scontestonautomatedessayscoringandwroteapaperabouttheexperiment.Inhisview,thetechnology—thoughimperfect—hasaplaceineducationalsettings.Mr.Jobsendedhiscommencementtalkwithacalltoinnovation,bothinone’schoiceofworkandinone’slife.Becurious,experiment,takerisks,hesaidtothestudents.HisadvicewasemphasizedbythewordsonthebackofthefinaleditionofTheWholeEarthCatalog,whichhequoted“Stayhungry.Stayfoolish.”And,Mr.Jobssaid,“Ihavealwayswishedthatformyself.Andnow,asyougraduatetobeginanew,Iwishthatforyou.Oftentheycomefromveryfamousinstitutionswhere,infact,theydoamuchbetterjobofprovidingfeedbackthanamachineevercould,”Dr.Shermissaid.“Thereseemstobealackofappreciationofwhatisactuallygoingonintherealworld.”SteveJobscalledonStanfordgraduatestoinnovateinhiscommencementaddress.SteveJobsconsideredhimselfluckytohavebeenfiredoncebyApple.SteveJobsonceusedcomputerstomakemoviesthatwerecommercialhits.ManygovernmentshavedonemorethantheUSgovernmentinprovidingtherawmaterialsforinnovation.Greatinnovatorsaregoodatconnectingconceptsfromvariousacademicfields.Innovationisvitaltodrivingeconomicprogress.Americahasasocialenvironmentthatisparticularlyfavorabletoinnovation.Innovativeideasoftencomefromdiverseexperiences.Real-lifeexperienceisoftenmoreimportantthanformaleducationforcareersuccess.AppletfortunessufferedfromaninnovationdiscountduringJobs’absence.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Someoftheworld’smostsignificantproblemsneverhitheadlines.Oneexamplecomesfromagriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarelytalkedabout.Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworld’smajorcrops.AnewstudybytheUniversityofMinnesotaandMcGillUniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhowfar,thisdeclineisoccurring.Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmostimportantcrops:rice,wheat,comandsoybeans(大豆).Theyfindthatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,theimprovementinyieldsthattookplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990sand2000s.Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatithasbeenparticularlysharpintheworld’smost(人口多的）countries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshasbeenanimportantsourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthecountriesandonworldfoodmarkets.Thatself-sufficiencycannotbetakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincomandsoybeans.Thisisproblematicbecausewheatandricearemoreimportantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfofallcaloriesconsumed.Cornandsoybeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.Theauthorsnotethat“wehavepreferentiallyfocusedourcropimprovementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsratherthanoncropsthatfeedpeopleandarethebasisoffoodsecurityinmuchoftheworld.”Thereportqualifiesthemoreoptimisticfindingsofanothernewpaperwhichsuggeststhattheworldwillnothavetodigupalotmorelandforfarminginordertofeed9billionpeoplein2050,astheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationhasargued.Instead,itsays,thankstoslowingpopulationgrowth,landcurrentlyploughedupforcropsmightbeabletorevert）toforestorwilderness.Thiscouldhappen.Thetroubleisthattheforecastassumescontinuedimprovementsinyields,whichmaynotactuallyhappen.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawattentionto?Foodriotsandhungerintheworld. C)Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.Newsheadlinesintheleadingmedia. D)Thefoodsupplyinpopulouscountries.WhydoestheauthormentionIndiaandChinainparticular?Theirself-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.Theirfoodyieldshavebeguntodecreasesharplyinrecentyears.Theirbigpopulationsarecausingworldwideconcerns.Theirfoodself-sufficiencyhasbeentakenforgranted.Whatdoesthenewstudybythetwouniversitiessayaboutrecentcropimprovementefforts?Theyfailtoproducethesameremarkableresultsasbeforethe1980s.Theycontributealottotheimprovementofhumanfoodproduction.Theyplayamajorroleinguaranteeingthefoodsecurityoftheworld.Theyfocusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.WhatdoestheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsayaboutworldfoodproductioninthecomingdecades?Thegrowingpopulationwillgreatlyincreasethepressureonworldfoodsupplies.Theoptimisticpredictionaboutfoodproductionshouldbeviewedwithcaution.Theslowdownofthegrowthinyieldsofmajorfoodcropswillbereversed.Theworldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.HowdoestheauthorviewtheargumentoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganisation?Itisbuiltonthefindingsofanewstudy.Itisbasedonadoubtfulassumption.Itisbackedbystrongevidence.Itisopentofurtherdiscussion.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theendlessdebateabout“work-lifebalance”oftencontainsahopefulfootnoteaboutstay-at-homedads.IfAmericansocietyandbusinesswon’tmakeiteasieronfuturefemaleleaderswhochoosetohavechildren,thereisstilltherayofhopethatincreasingnumbersoffull-timefatherswill.Butbasedontoday’ssocioeconomictrends,thishopeis,unfortunately,misguided.It’struethatthenumberofmenwhohaveleftworktodotheirthingasfull-timeparentshasdoubledinadecade,butit’sstillverysmall:only0.8%ofmarriedcoupleswherethestay-at-homefatherwasoutofthelaborforceforayear.Eventhatpercentageislikelyinflatedbymenthrustintotheircaretakerrolebyadownsizing.Thisissimplynotalargeenoughgrouptoreducethesocialstigma(污名)andforceotheradjustmentsnecessarytosupportingmeninthisdecisionevenifonlyforarelativelyshorttime.Evenshortertimesawayfromworkforworkingfathersarealreadydifficult.Astudyfoundthat85%ofnewfatherstakesometimeoffafterthebirthofachild—butforallbutafew,it’saweekortwoatmost.Meanwhile,theaverageforwomenwhotakeleave