牛津上海版中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)閱讀b篇完形填空學(xué)案

第頁(yè)學(xué)員編號(hào)：年級(jí)：9課時(shí)數(shù)：3學(xué)員姓名：輔導(dǎo)科目：英語(yǔ)學(xué)科教師：課程主題：中考閱讀B篇授課時(shí)間：學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：教學(xué)內(nèi)容中考閱讀B篇—完型填空一、專(zhuān)題知識(shí)梳理完型填空最常用的四種解題法:1.總體把握:要通讀完形填空的短文，跳過(guò)空格快速閱讀，了解全篇的主要內(nèi)容。切不可把寶貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在個(gè)別字句推敲上。2.弄清體裁:文章體裁通常分為四種：論述文、記敘文、說(shuō)明文和應(yīng)用文。中考選文以敘事性文章為主，如：幽默故事、科普知識(shí)、童話、簡(jiǎn)短新聞、名人軼事、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題等。讀這類(lèi)文章，要大體上了解故事所涉及的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件及前因后果。3.重視主題句:完形填空所用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的主題句，往往在每段文章的首句，有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處。主題句提供全篇的性質(zhì)、大意等，這是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以語(yǔ)句為立足點(diǎn)，從該句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣推測(cè)全文的主要內(nèi)容。4.語(yǔ)境聯(lián)想:利用上下文的提示，用學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)和已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，掃清部分詞匯理解上的障礙。解題過(guò)程是：1.通讀全文，掌握大意。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)初步弄清短文寫(xiě)了些什么內(nèi)容。2.瞻前顧后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容對(duì)空缺句子作合乎邏輯的推理。必須弄清空缺詞句的確切含義，空缺詞句與其前后句的意義銜接必須自然、合理，不可出現(xiàn)意義斷層或說(shuō)東道西的情況，必須從空缺句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)入手，從語(yǔ)法、詞語(yǔ)固定搭配、詞形變化等角度考慮，務(wù)必使所填的單詞準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。3.反復(fù)推敲，攻克難關(guān)。如果做不出來(lái)的話，可能要改變一下思路。如實(shí)詞多與文章的內(nèi)容直接相關(guān)，虛詞多與文章的連貫性或句子結(jié)構(gòu)直接相關(guān)，如果從內(nèi)容上實(shí)在看不出要填哪個(gè)單詞的話，應(yīng)考慮是否需要填介詞、連詞等。4.驗(yàn)證答案，修正錯(cuò)誤，著重注意這幾點(diǎn)：(1)文章是否順暢；(2)所填單詞是否是最佳單詞；(3)所填單詞是否有拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。完型填空解題步驟： 1.做題前先花30-45秒預(yù)覽文章，大致了解文章的體裁(記敘、議論或者……)、文章內(nèi)容、幾個(gè)段落、是否有小標(biāo)題和項(xiàng)目符號(hào)(這個(gè)往往是該段的主題句)。2.做題時(shí)，首句和小標(biāo)題重點(diǎn)讀，充分體會(huì)文章論證結(jié)構(gòu)，靈活使用技巧(例子與例子的關(guān)系，例子與中心句的關(guān)系，平行關(guān)系等)，注意邏輯對(duì)應(yīng)，指代清晰。特別提醒，絕對(duì)避免見(jiàn)空填空，(即看到一個(gè)空格，直接看選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行選擇)，這樣很危險(xiǎn)，失誤率會(huì)大大增加。再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，完形填空強(qiáng)調(diào)單詞、短語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)境(句子層面，段落層面，篇章層面)的應(yīng)用。請(qǐng)?zhí)畹谝桓裨~，務(wù)必讀到第二格，很多時(shí)候兩格之間出題者往往給了很多暗示和線索。依次類(lèi)推，填第二格請(qǐng)務(wù)必讀到第三格。如第一格在第二段，也請(qǐng)認(rèn)真讀完第一段，切莫跳過(guò)，因?yàn)榍拔目赡茉诮o全文或者該段足夠的背景敘述。同理，如最后一格后還有句子或者段落，請(qǐng)務(wù)必讀完。3.完成題后，請(qǐng)重讀該文1-2遍，確保單詞在該句語(yǔ)法，語(yǔ)義，語(yǔ)境都合適。二、專(zhuān)題精講知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：中考完形填空常用詞匯總結(jié)1.Withthehelpof在～～幫助下undertheleadership/careof在～～領(lǐng)導(dǎo)／關(guān)心下2.bestrictwithsb.對(duì)～人要求嚴(yán)格bestrictinsth.對(duì)～事要求嚴(yán)格3.atpresent=atthepresenttime目前forthepresent暫時(shí)4.inthesun/sunshine在陽(yáng)光下underthesun在世界上5.liein位于～～之內(nèi)lieon同～～接壤lieto位于～～之外6.atleast至少intheleast絲毫，一點(diǎn)7.byname名叫inthenameof以～～名義8.intheair空中，在流傳ontheair播出9.intheway擋路，障礙，用～～方法inaway在某點(diǎn)上，在某種程度上getone’sownwaytodo隨心所欲giveway讓步，屈服loseone’sway迷路bytheway順便說(shuō)一下onone’swayto在去～～的路上Comethisway這邊走10.atthecorner在拐角處（外角）inthecorner在角落里（內(nèi)角）onthecorner在角落上（外角上）11.judgeby/from根據(jù)～～來(lái)判斷judgeforoneself由某人自己來(lái)判斷12.attheend(of)在～～結(jié)束時(shí)atthebeginningof在～～開(kāi)始時(shí)atthebackof在～～背后，支持attheageof～～歲時(shí)atthefootof在～～腳下atthebottomof在～～底部atthetopof在～～頂上at/ontheedgeof在～～邊上13.inthecourseof在～～過(guò)程中intheeyesof從～～觀點(diǎn)看來(lái)，在～～眼里inthefaceof面對(duì)～，盡管，縱使inthemiddleof在～中間intheend=atlast=finally最后14.ontheeveof在～～前夕onthesideof在～～一邊15.afteratime=aftersometime過(guò)一段時(shí)間后foratime=forsometime一時(shí)，有一段時(shí)間16.behindtime遲到，過(guò)期behindthetimes落在時(shí)代后面17.atnotime決不innotime立即，馬上18.atonetime=oncetime曾經(jīng)atatime=eachtime每次attimes=sometimes有時(shí)atalltimes經(jīng)常，一直，始終atthesametime同時(shí)atthetime在～～的時(shí)候bythetime到～～的時(shí)候19.foramoment一會(huì)兒forthemoment暫時(shí)atthemoment當(dāng)時(shí)themoment/minute/instance正當(dāng)～～一剎那20.onceortwice一兩次morethanonce不止一次oncemore重新，又onceuponatime從前onceinawhile偶爾更多詞組1.■以break為中心的詞組breakawayfrom脫離，逃離breakdown破壞，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，拋錨breakin闖進(jìn)，打斷；使順?lè)reakinto闖入；強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入；突然開(kāi)始breakout爆發(fā)，發(fā)生；準(zhǔn)備使用；起錨breakthelaw違反法律breaktherecord破記錄breakone’spromise失言breakup開(kāi)墾，破碎；解散，分開(kāi)，分解2.■以catch為中心的詞組becaughtdoing被發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事becaughtintherain淋雨catchabus/train趕汽車(chē)/火車(chē)catchacold傷風(fēng)，感冒catchone’sword聽(tīng)懂某人的話catchsightof發(fā)現(xiàn)，瞥見(jiàn)catchupwith趕上，追及，追上3.■以come為中心的詞組comeacross偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn)，想起；越過(guò)；償付comealong一道來(lái)，陪伴；進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展；出現(xiàn)comeat達(dá)到，求得，得到；撲向，襲擊comeback回來(lái)；恢復(fù)，復(fù)原comedown倒下；降落；跌落；病倒comefrom來(lái)自，起源于，從~~產(chǎn)生，生于comein進(jìn)來(lái)，進(jìn)入；流行起來(lái)；獲名次comeintobeing發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)，形成comeintopower開(kāi)始執(zhí)政，當(dāng)權(quán)，當(dāng)選comeintouse開(kāi)始使用，獲得應(yīng)用comeon上演；開(kāi)始；趕快；發(fā)展；登臺(tái)；（問(wèn)題）被提出cometoknow開(kāi)始了解到comeout出來(lái)，傳出；出版；結(jié)果是；褪色；（秘密）泄露cometo蘇醒，復(fù)原；共計(jì)；達(dá)到；歸結(jié)于cometoanend終止，結(jié)束cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)，成為現(xiàn)實(shí)；證實(shí)comeup走近；上樓；長(zhǎng)出，發(fā)芽4.■以do為中心的詞組bedonein精疲力竭bedonewith完全結(jié)束doagooddeed做一件好事doawaywith去掉，廢除；弄死；浪費(fèi)dogoodto(=dosb.good)有益于doharmto(=dosb.good)有害于doitswork有效，有作用domuch極有用dowrongto做錯(cuò)doone’sbest盡某人最大努力doone’shomework做作業(yè)doone’sutmost盡力而為doproud足以使~~驕傲dosb.justice公平對(duì)待某人dosomecleaning(V+ing,etc.)搞衛(wèi)生dosb.afavor幫助某人dowellin學(xué)得不錯(cuò)，干得漂亮dowith和~~相處，忍受，處理dowithout不需要，不用dowonders創(chuàng)造奇跡havemuchtodowith和~~很有關(guān)系havenothingtodowith與~~無(wú)關(guān)havesomethingtodowith和~~有關(guān)indoingso=insodoing這時(shí)，在這種情況下Thatwilldo.行了；夠了5.■以get為中心的詞組getabout徘徊，走動(dòng)，旅行；流傳getaboveoneself自視高傲getaccustomedto習(xí)慣于，對(duì)~~習(xí)以為常getacross度過(guò)，通過(guò)，橫過(guò)；說(shuō)服，使理解getaheadof勝過(guò)，超過(guò)getalong前進(jìn)，進(jìn)步；同意；離去getalongwith與~~相處getat發(fā)現(xiàn)，了解；掌握；攻擊havegottodo不得不，必須getaway離開(kāi)，逃脫getback取回，回來(lái)；報(bào)復(fù)getbehind落后；識(shí)破getdown咽下；寫(xiě)下；使沮喪，使抑郁getdownto認(rèn)真對(duì)待，靜下心來(lái)getfamiliarwith熟悉getholdof獲得，取得gethome到家getin進(jìn)入，陷入；牽涉getoff送走；脫下（衣服）；下車(chē)；動(dòng)身geton上車(chē)；穿上；進(jìn)步，使前進(jìn)；成功；相處getuponwith進(jìn)步；在~~方面獲得成功getone’shandin熟悉；習(xí)慣getoutof由~~出來(lái)，從~~得出；避免；退休getover越過(guò)；恢復(fù)，痊愈；克服；完成getreadyfor為~~作準(zhǔn)備getridof除去，去掉；免除，擺脫getthrough到達(dá)，完成，通過(guò)；及格gettogether積聚，積累；商談，取得一致意見(jiàn)getup起床，起立；研究，鉆研；致力于；安排，組織getusedto習(xí)慣于6.■以give為中心的詞組begivento沉溺于，癖好giveabout分配；傳播giveandtake相互遷就giveaway贈(zèng)送；犧牲；泄露；頒發(fā)giveback歸還givecause給予~~的理由giveearto側(cè)耳傾聽(tīng)giveforth發(fā)出，放出；發(fā)表givein屈服，讓步，投降giveinto同意，接受；向~~讓步giveoff發(fā)出（煙，氣味）giveoneselfouttobe/as自稱為giveoneselfupto專(zhuān)心于；向~~自首giveout分發(fā)，公布giveplaceto讓位于，被~~所替代giveriseto引起，導(dǎo)致；使~~發(fā)生givesb.tounderstand通知某人giveup放棄；停止givewayto讓步，退卻；屈服于7.■以look為中心的詞組lookabout四下環(huán)顧；查看lookafter照顧，看管lookaround東張西望lookat注視，著眼于lookback回顧lookfor尋找；期待，期望lookdownon俯視；輕視lookforwardto盼望，期待lookinto窺視；調(diào)查；瀏覽looklike看起來(lái)象lookon旁觀；面向lookout向外看；注意；當(dāng)心，堤防lookover從上面看過(guò)去；檢查lookthrough透過(guò)~~看去；看穿；瀏覽lookupto仰望，尊敬8.■以make為中心的詞組bemadefrom由~~原料制成bemadeof由~~材料制成bemadeupof由~~組成makeafoolof愚弄，欺騙makeamistake弄錯(cuò)makeapointofdoing強(qiáng)調(diào)；認(rèn)為~~重要；決心，堅(jiān)持makeadifference有效makeadvantages/useof使用，利用makeafter追求，追趕makebelieve假裝makecertain確信，把~~弄清楚makecontactwith接通，與~~接觸，與~~聯(lián)系makefor去向，向~~前進(jìn)；有利于makefriendswith和~~交友makeinto把~~制成，使~~轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閙akemuchof重視；理解；賞識(shí)makeone’smindonsth.決定某事makeone’sown當(dāng)作自己的看待makeoneselfathome隨便，別拘束makeout填寫(xiě)；開(kāi)支票；理解；辨認(rèn)makethebestof盡量利用；極為重視makeup彌補(bǔ)，修理；賠償，補(bǔ)償；起草；編造；化裝makeupto接近，巴結(jié)；向~~求愛(ài)makewayfor為~~讓路，讓路于onthemake急求成功；增加9.■以put為中心的詞組putaside把~~放在一邊；擱置；排除putaway把~~放好，把~~收拾；儲(chǔ)藏；吃喝，吃掉putback把~~放回原處；駁回putdown放下；鎮(zhèn)壓；制止；記下；削減；降落putforward提出；撥快；建議，推薦；提倡，倡議put~~into把~~放入；插入；翻譯成putoff推遲，延期；消除；推脫，推辭puton上演；穿上，帶上putupwith忍受，容忍putone’sheartinto全神貫注，專(zhuān)心致志putup舉起，掛起；提名，推薦；陳列10.■以take為中心的詞組betakenaback吃驚takeaseat就坐takeashower淋浴，洗澡takeaim瞄準(zhǔn)，設(shè)立目標(biāo)takeaway拿走，減去；奪去take~~bysurprise出奇制勝takeone’splace就坐，入坐takecareof當(dāng)心，注意；照顧；提防；謹(jǐn)慎；處理，對(duì)付；負(fù)責(zé)takeoffice就職，上任take~~for把~當(dāng)作takeoff脫去，除去；離開(kāi)；起飛；模仿；起程；致死；復(fù)制，作副本；減弱takeone’stemperature量體溫takepartin參與，參加takeiteasy別著急，慢慢來(lái)takeplace=happen發(fā)生，舉行taketheplaceof代替takepridein以~~為榮，對(duì)~~驕傲takesb.bythearm拉某人的胳膊11.■以turn為中心的詞組giveanewturnto對(duì)~~予以新的看法inone’sturn輪到某人做某事outofturn不按次序的，不合適宜的takeone’sturntodo輪到做turnablindeyeto對(duì)~~視而不見(jiàn)turnagainst背叛，采取敵對(duì)態(tài)度turnback折回，往回走turndown折疊，翻下，駁回，拒絕考慮turninto走進(jìn)；變成，變?yōu)閠urnto~~forhelp求助于turnoff關(guān)上（自來(lái)水，電器開(kāi)關(guān)）；解雇，辭退；避開(kāi)（問(wèn)題）；制造；生產(chǎn)turnon打開(kāi)（自來(lái)水，電器開(kāi)關(guān)）；反對(duì)；依靠，依賴，取決于turnone’sattentionto把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向turnout培養(yǎng)；證明是；制成；實(shí)際情況是turnouttobe原來(lái)是，證明是，結(jié)果是turnoveranewleaf翻開(kāi)新的一頁(yè)，重新開(kāi)始，改過(guò)自新turn(a)round旋轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)；改變意見(jiàn)；采取新政策turnto變成；著手于turnupsidedown顛倒過(guò)來(lái)，翻過(guò)來(lái)；使陷入混亂12.■其他介詞詞組1.beonshow/display/play/sale/strike/duty/trial2.beofvalue/importance/use/nouse/color/age/size/height/weight/significance3.toone’sjoy/surprise/pleasure/astonishment/sorrow/delight4.insurprise/wonder/alarm/terror/horror/delight5.byair/bicycle/boat/bus/car/letter/post/plane/telephone/train/wire6.atdaybreak/sunrise/dawn/noon/dark/night7.outofbreath/control/question/sight8.infact/reality/substance/nature/practice/theory/short/brief/aword/detail/all/average/full/time/fashion/existence/turn/vain/haste/appearance/common/sum/general/particular/public/secret/order/part/power/stock/case/bed/future/name/addition/sight9.onduty/shift/holiday/leave/business/purpose/time/sale/show/board/hand/record/request/root/earth/farm/principle10.forexample/instance/all/good/nothing/convenience/short/fear/sale11.byweight(volumesizenumber~~)/profession/definition/rule/turn/chance/accident/mistake/hand/train(bus,taxi,ship,boat~~)/air/land/force/day/nature/sight12.atmost/least/best/worst/once/first/last/home/school/will(atwill:任意)/work/night/midnight/daybreak/dawn/present/length/large13.asabove/below/following/over/usual/before/amatteroffact14.aboveall/measure/normal15.beforeall/long/time/now/then16.afterall/class/school17.outofaction/order/condition/use/operation/step/joint/repair/gear/balance/range/doubt/date/danger/hand/shape/place/question/stock/18.withcaution/interest/difficulty/ease/advantage/effect/reason/vigor/reserve/success/confidence19.beyondcomprehension/conception/description/expression/doubt/control/reach/power/measure/grasp/compare/controversy/dispute/hope/example20.underage/discussion/test/way/repair知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：完型解題技巧1.首句必重點(diǎn)讀首句很多情況是Topicsentence(主題句)，告訴你文章的背景和主旨。首句一般不設(shè)空，如果首句設(shè)空，請(qǐng)重點(diǎn)讀后面的例子，例子里面會(huì)提供線索?，F(xiàn)在很多考題都是用后面的例子印證首句。EG1：(11長(zhǎng)寧)Thesedays,itis______forchildrenasyoungasSammytobesogoodatcomputers.ManyChildrenusecomputersathomeoratschoolandsomeschoolsevenhavetheirownwebsites.A.hardB.unusualC.commonD.dangerous如果學(xué)生分析這四個(gè)詞用法，那就和這道考題背道而馳了，首句設(shè)空，我們重點(diǎn)讀后面的那句話“很多孩子在家里，學(xué)校使用電腦，甚至一些學(xué)校有他們自己的網(wǎng)站”，說(shuō)明對(duì)電腦的使用是持肯定意見(jiàn)的，選項(xiàng)C為正確答案，A、B、D都為否定意見(jiàn)，故不選。EG2：(13長(zhǎng)寧)Ifyouhavenomobilephone,nocomputer,andnoInternetwithyou,whatwillyoudowithyourfreetime?Willyougo____80____?A.enjoyableB.interestingC.crazyD.busy2.例子之間關(guān)系例子聯(lián)合起來(lái)都是去證明本文中心的，但例子與例子有時(shí)候會(huì)有正反對(duì)比或者是平行關(guān)系。(12虹口)Inmostmenageries,animalswerekeptinsmalldirtycages.However,inmodernzoos,animalsarekeptinhabitats(棲息地)thatlooklike81areas.81.A)nativeB)narrowC)naturalD)national3.最佳適用原則舉個(gè)例子，如果這樣出題。這位男士很______，每次和女生一起出去逛街的時(shí)候都會(huì)為女生拉開(kāi)商場(chǎng)大門(mén)，直到身邊所有的女生都通過(guò)。假設(shè)選項(xiàng)如下AgoodBniceCgentleDhandsome你會(huì)如何選?很多學(xué)生會(huì)選good,覺(jué)得good是萬(wàn)能詞，但這里錯(cuò)了，完形填空一定要基于語(yǔ)境，選擇一個(gè)最適合，最具體，不是最寬泛的詞語(yǔ)。因而Cgentle很紳士是最佳答案。(12虹口)Peoplewho85animalrightsdon’tlikethedisplayofanimalsinzoos.Butotherpeoplefeelthatzooscareforandprotecttheanimals.Theyfeelthatthisiswhymanyexoticspeciesarestillalivetoday.85.A)playatrickonB)gettiredofC)payattentiontoD)goonwith4.場(chǎng)景匹配原則(2019長(zhǎng)寧一模)SammyLiu,asix-year-oldboyfromKowloon,hasbecomeaherorecently.Onedayheusedthefamily’s________tostoparobbery.radioB.computerC.recorderD.telephone后文都在說(shuō)關(guān)于電腦使用，這里選擇ACD顯然不合適，文章里根本就沒(méi)有提到收音機(jī)，錄音機(jī)和電話，雖然電話也能用來(lái)報(bào)警，但是一定要基于原文的場(chǎng)景。5.平行并列原則完形填空文章很多時(shí)候是圍繞一個(gè)話題展開(kāi)，每個(gè)段落有的時(shí)候發(fā)展模式都是差不多的，前面提到如果首句設(shè)空，除了關(guān)注到后面的例子，還不妨可以關(guān)注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。類(lèi)似的如果某段末句設(shè)空不妨也可以關(guān)注一下下面一段的末句。例如有一篇文章是討論積極態(tài)度給生活、工作、健康帶來(lái)的好處，其中第二段末句這么寫(xiě)：withanactive_______,youcanovercomeallthedifficulties.需要我們填空。在第三段末句出現(xiàn)了withanactiveattitude,youcanbehealthy.如果學(xué)生在閱讀的時(shí)候關(guān)注到這句，使用了“平行原則”，自然就能填出attitude.三、專(zhuān)題過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)檢測(cè)1奉賢區(qū)Inone’slife,onespendsthemosttimebeingwithoneself.Butonehastheleastunderstandingofoneself.Whenyouaresuccessful,youmaybeveryproud.Whenyou80,youmayloseheart.Ifyoudon’tgetathoroughunderstandingofyourself（徹底自我），youmaymissmanychancesinlife.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfistoknowwellaboutyourself.Youmayrealizeyourstrongpointsandweakones.Youmayhopeforawonderfulfuture,butbesurenottoexpecttoomuchbecauseyoumaynotrealizeallofyourdreams.Youmaybeconfidentenoughtomeetchallenges,butfirstyoushouldknow81.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfneedsself-appreciation（自我欣賞）.Maybeyouthinkyouareatalltreeorjustsmallgrass,butyoucanalwayshaveyourownwayofbeingthere.82yougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfalsomeansto83yourself.Whenyouareangry,findaquietplacesothatyouwon’tbehurt.Whenyouare84,tellyourfriendsaboutittochangethemood(心情)intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleep.Ifyoudon’tknowwhenandhowyoushouldlookafteryourself,youwon’tbeabletostayawayfromillness.85cantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Getathoroughunderstandingofyourself,andyouwillgetafullcontrolofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolor.80.A.winB.failC.knowD.beat81.A.wheretodoB.howtodoC.whattodoD.whytodo82.A.SinceB.WhenC.UntilD.Although83.A.takecareofB.bekindtoC.bepleasedwithD.dependon84.A.happyB.comfortableC.pleasedD.sad85.A.NooneB.EveryoneC.SomeoneD.Anyone虹口區(qū)Whatwasnapkinetiquette(禮儀)?Etiquette___80__rulesthatsocietyhassetupforpeopletofollowsothattheycandothingsintheproperway.Napkin(餐巾)etiquettehasdevelopedovertime.Accordingtoproperetiquettetoday,oneshouldputone’snapkinonone’slap(膝蓋)assoonaseveryoneisseatedatthetable.Whenoneexcusesoneselfandleavesthetableforafewminutes,oneshould__81__one’snapkintotherightofone’splate.Whatwasnapkinetiquettelikebeforeitdevelopedintowhatitistoday?InancientEgyptian,Greek,andRomantimes,theetiquettewasquitedifferent.Napkinsweremuch__82__.Often,theywereaslargeasbathtowels.Banquets(宴會(huì))usuallylastedforhours,andpeopleatewiththeirhands,althoughfingerbowlsfilledwith__83__wouldsometimesbeavailable,thelargenapkinswerenecessaryifonewantedtostayreasonablyclean.AseconduseforthenapkindevelopedinthesixthcenturyB.C.Romansociety.Atthattime,__84__wereexpectedtotakefoodhome.Theuneatenfoodwaswrappedupandcarriedinone’snapkin.Itwasconsiderednotpolitetoleaveempty-handed.Napkinsizechanged__85__withaninvention.Theinventionthatcausedthissizechangewasthefork.Sincepeoplebegantosueforks,theirhandsnolongergetasdirtyasbefore.Althoughnapkinsbecamesmallerinsize,manyEuropeansdidnotusethem.Thecustomwastowipeone’shandsonthetablecloth.Atthattime,tableclothsweresolargethatonecoulduseapartofittocoverone’slap.Coveringone’slapwiththetableclothservedtwopurposes(目的).Onecouldwipeone’shandsonit,andonecouldprotecthislapfromgettingdirty.80.A.pointsoutB.dealswithC.searchesforD.givesup81.A.placeB.tieC.throwD.pass82.A.heavierB.softerC.drierD.bigger83.A.riceB.waterC.breadD.soup84.A.soldiersB.driversC.guestsD.hosts85.A.suddenlyB.quietlyC.politelyD.softly黃浦區(qū)Buckdidnotreadthenewspapers.Hedidnotknowthat__80__wascomingforeverybigdoginCalifornia.MenhadfoundgoldintheYukon,andthesemenwantedbig,strongdogstoworkinthecoldandsnowofthenorth.BucklivedinMrMiller'sbighouseonthesunnyfarm.Therewerelargegardensandfieldsoffruittreesaroundthehouse,andarivernearby.Inabigplacelikethis,__81__,thereweremanydogs.Therewerehousedogsandfarmdogs,buttheyweren'timportant.Buckwasthechiefdogandthiswas___82__place.Hewasfouryearsoldandweighedsixtykilos.HewentswimmingwithMrMiller'ssons,andwalkingwithhisdaughters.Hecarriedthegrandchildrenonhisback,andhesatatMr.Miller'sfeetinfrontofthefireinwinter.Butthiswas1897,andBuckdidnotknowthatmenanddogswerehurryingtonorth-westCanadatolookforgold.AndhedidnotknowthatManuel,oneofMr.Miller'sgardeners,neededmoneyforhislargefamily.Oneday,whenMr.Millerwasout,ManuelandBuckleftthegardentogether.Itwasjustaneveningwalk,Buck__83___.Noonesawthemgo,andonlyonemansawthemarriveattherailwaystation.ThismantalkedtoManuel,andgavehimsomemoney.ThenhetiedapieceofropearoundBuck'sneck.Buck__84___,andwassurprisedwhentheropewaspulledhardaroundhisneck.Hejumpedattheman.ThemancaughthimandsuddenlyBuckwasonhisbackwithhistongueoutofhismouth.Forafewmomentshewasunabletomove,anditwas__85__forthetwomentoputhimintothetrain.A.moneyB.troubleC.goldD.SnowA.forexampleB.infactC.aboveallD.ofcourseA.herB.theirC.hisD.itsA.saidB.thoughtC.heardD.wonderedA.criedB.laughedC.smiledD.diedA.impossibleB.difficultC.easyD.necessary檢測(cè)1寶山區(qū)FormanyyearstheUnitedStatesandtheothercountriesusedgoldandsilverasmoney.Papermoneywasusedtostandfortheholdings(儲(chǔ)備)ofbothgoldandsilver.Thevalueofsilverwaslimitedtothatofgold.Fifteenounces(盎司)ofsilverhadthesamevalueofoneounceofgold.Thesevaluesdidnotchangeuntilafter1860whenmines(銀礦)inthewestoftheUnitedStatesbeganto80largeamountsofsilver.Thisextraamountofsilvercausedthepriceofsilverto81.Thenfifteenouncesofsilverwouldnolongerbuyoneounceofgold.In1871Germanydeclared(宣布)thatitwouldnotsupportitspapermoneywithsilveranymore.Instead,itwoulduseonlygold.OthercountriesofEuropequickly82thesame.TheUnitedStatespassedalawin1973thatpreventedthegovernmentfromusingsilverasmoney.Westernsilverproducersprotested(抗議)loudlyandputmuchpressureonthe83makers.Fiveyearslateranewlawwas84.Itsaidthatthegovernmentmustbuyfourandhalfmillionouncesofsilvereachmonth.Thenewlawincreasedtheamountofsilvermoney.Thecountryhadtwokindsofquitedifferentviewsontheissue(發(fā)行)silvermoney.Businessmen,bankersandotherrichmenwantedto85theuseofsilvermoneybecauseitmadethedollarlessvaluable.Butfarmers,labourersandtheotherswhoownedthemoneynotonlywantedsilvermoneybutalsowantedanunlimitedsupplyofit.80.A.produceB.findC.searchD.dig81.A.riseB.liftC.fallD.set82.A.didB.tookC.madeD.acted.83.A.lawB.moneyC.goldD.silver84.A.refusedB.acceptedC.plannedD.passed85.A.endB.continueC.protectD.allow檢測(cè)2長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)Whatdoyou,thetreesandahamsterhaveincommon?Don’tknowtheanswer?Youall__80__water.Alllivingthingsmusthavewater,whethertheygetitfromariver,araincloudoralittlebottleononesideofahamstercage.Withoutwater,yourbodywouldstop__81__.Apersoncan’tlivewithoutwaterformorethanafewdays.Why?Yourbodyhaslotsofjobsanditneedswatertodomanyofthem.__82__yourbodyneedsalotofwatertocarryoxygentoeverypartofyourbody.Wateralsohelpstoprotectyourbodyfromillness,todigest(消化)yourfoodandto___83__waste.So,everyoneneedstodrinkwater.__84__waterissoimportant,youmightwanttoknowwhetheryou’redrinkingenough.Ofcourse,youshoulddrinkwhenyouarethirsty.Butwhenit’shot,you’llneedmoreBesuretodrinksomeextra(額外的)waterwhenyou’reoutin__85__,especiallywhiledoingsportsorexercising.Ifyoucanhelpyourbodybydrinkingwhenyou’rethirstyandwhenit’shot,yourbodywillbeabletodoallofitswonderfuljobsandyou’llfeelgreat!80.A.haveB.drinkC.needD.get81.A.livingB.workingC.growingD.thinking82.A.InadditionB.ForexampleC.BythewayD.Inotherwords83.A.keepoffB.giveaway