2024年英語專四真題

PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE

Therearetwentysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefouroptionsmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswersthequestion.MarkhouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

11.TheBentPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuildasmooth-sidedpyramid.

A.hasbeenbelievedtohavebeen

B.wasbelievedtobe

C.isbelievedtohavebeen

D.isbelievedtobe

12..News____________rankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresourceforstudentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.

A.maintains

B.ismaintaining

C.maintained

D.hasbeenmaintaining

13.Hewasluredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted.

A.actually

B.accidentally

C.otherwise

D.seldom

14.Shewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof_____________mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.

A.bluehazyVirginia

B.hazyblueVirginia

C.Virginiahazyblue

D.Virginiabluehazy

15.Ilongtoalleviate__________,butIcannot.

A.theevil

B.evil

C.evils

D.anevil

16.Indeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaiming______________.

A.war

B.arewar

C.ofwar

D.areofwar

17.At____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.

A.itsmostbasic

B.itsbasic

C.themostbasic

D.thebasic

18.Shehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefromthedeed.Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused__________.

A.toexpressanintendedpurpose

B.toindicateahighdegreeofpossibility

C.torevealanundesirableconsequence

D.todramatizeastatedfact

19.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning

A.Iwonderwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.

B.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.

C.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I’mgettingterriblybehind.

D.IsupposeI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.

20.Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmenselyproudofwhathasbeenachievedtheselast20years.Theitalicizedpartinthesentenceexpresses_______.

A.ahypothesis

B.asuggestion

C.acontradiction

D.asurprise

21.WhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto___________,theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution.

A.justice

B.testimony

C.trial

D.verdict

,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeenstronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.

A.Questionably

B.Arguably

C.Contentiously

D.Debatably

23.Priceshaverecentlyriseninorderto__________theincreasedcostofrawmaterials.

A.cut

B.buoy

C.offer

D.offset

24.Thecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivinganyauthorizationtoanyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”

A.recommendation

B.recording

C.recollection

D.recognition

actually__________agoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedinwhatweconsiderbeautiful.

A.consists

B.constitutes

C.composes

D.constructs

26.Theschoolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.

A.final

B.further

C.supplementary

D.extra

27.Theteachers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing“deplorable”schoolconditions.

A.fired

B.filed

C.fined

D.filled

28.LastMarchthe__________ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwaterarchaeologicalteam.

A.debris

B.ruins

C.remains

D.wreck

29.She’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.

A.countless

B.countable

C.numerical

D.numeral

30.Aleading___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysisofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.

A.oceangoing

B.oceanic

C.marine

D.maritime

PARTIVCLOZE

Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.MarktheletterforeachwordonANSWERSHEET.

A.accompaniesB.automaticallyC.coupleD.goesE.indebtedness

F.kindG.mannerH.mercifullyI.oneJ.obey

K.renownedL.subscribeM.unknownN.virtueO.widespread

AFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.HesentChristmascardstoasampleofperfectstrangers.Althoughheexpectedsomereaction,theresponsehereceivedwasamazing—holidaycardsaddressedtohimcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnorheardofhim.Thegreatmajorityofthosewhoreturnedacardneverinquiredintotheidentityoftheunknownprofessor.Theyreceivedhisholidaygreetingcard,andtheyautomaticallysentoneinreturn.Thisstudyshowstheactionofoneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearoundus—theruleforreciprocation.Therulesaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,inkind,whatanotherpersonhasprovidedus.Ifawomandoesusafavor,weshoulddoheroneinreturn;ifamansendsusabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifacoupleinvitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours.Byvirtueofthereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors,gifts,invitations,andthelike.Sotypicalisitforindebtednesstoaccompanythereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutinothersaswell.

Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseofobligationthatgoeswithitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture.Itissowidespreadthatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule.

PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION

SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS

Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

PASSAGEONE

（1）TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.ThehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmericancharacter.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.IndividualfreedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom,Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority.

(2)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:self-reliance.ItmeansthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.

(3)AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedinthegame.BecausetitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystemdevelopedinthe.

(4)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:competition.Ifmuchoflifeisseenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewithothers.ThepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork.Infact,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfitintothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo.

(5)AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStatesistohaveabetterlife.Becauseofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStatesappearedtobea“l(fā)andofplentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunes.Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches”becameasloganfortheAmericandream.Manypeopledidachievematerialsuccess.MaterialwealthbecameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.

(6)Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:hardwork.HardworkhasbeenbothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.Insomeways,materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople’sabilities.BarryGoldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoorbecausetheydeservetobe.MostAmericanswouldfindthisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit.

(7)ThesebasicvaluesdonottellthewholestoryoftheAmericancharacter.Rather,theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacterandhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.

41.seemstosuggestthat__________.

A.Americansarebornwithasenseofcompetition

B.thepressureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartswork

C.successfulcompetitionisessentialinAmericansociety

D.competitionresultsinequalityofopportunities

42.WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuseinexplainingAmericanvalues

A.Comparison

D.Causeandeffect

C.Definition

D.Processanalysis

PASSAGETWO

(1)TheNobelsaretheoriginals,ofcourse.AlfredNobel,

the

manwhoinventeddeadlyexplosives,decidedtotryanddosomethinggoodwithallthemoneyheearned,andgaveprizestopeoplewhomadeprogressinliterature,science,economicsand—perhapsmostimportantly—peace.

(2)NotallrewardsareasnobleastheNobels.

Eventhoughmostcountrieshaveasystemofrecognizing,honoringandrewardingpeoplewhohavedonesomethinggoodintheircountries,therearenowhundredsofawardsandawardceremoniesforallkindsofthings.

(3)TheOscarsareprobablythemostfamous,atimeforthe(mostly)Americanfilmindustrytotellitselfhowgooditisandanannualopportunityforlotsofbigstarstogiveeachotherawardsandmaketearfulspeeches.AswellasthattherearealsotheGoldenGlobes,evidentlyforthesamething.

(4)Butit’snotonlyfilms---therearealsoGrammies,Brits,theMercuryPrizeandtheMTVformusic.In

Britain,awriterwhowinstheBookerPrizecanexpecttoseetheir

difficult,literarynovelhitthebestsellerlistsandcompetewiththeDaVinciCodeforpopularity.TheTurnerPrizeisanawardforBritishcontemporaryartists—eachyearitcausescontroversybyapparentlygivinglotsofmoneytoartistswhodothingslikedisplayingtheirbeds,puttinganimalsinglasscasesor—thisyear—buildingagardenshed.

(5)Awardsdon’tonlyexistforarts.TherearenowawardsforSportsPersonalityof

the

Year,forEuropeanFootballeroftheYearandWorldFootballeroftheYear.Thisseemsverystrange—sometimesawardscanbegoodtogiverecognitiontopeoplewhodeserveit,ortohelppeople

whodon’tmake

alot

ofmoneycarryontheirworkwithoutworryingaboutfinances,but

professional

soccerplayersthesedayscertainlyaren’tshortofcash!

(6)Manysmalltownsand

communities

allovertheworldalsohavetheirownawardceremonies,forlocalwritersorartists,orjustforpeoplewho

have

graduatedfromhighschoolor,gotauniversitydegree.EventheBritishCouncilhasitsownawardsfor

“InnovationinEnglishLanguageTeaching”.

(7)WhyhavealltheseawardsandceremoniesappearedrecentlyShakespeareneverwonaprize,nordidLeonardoDaVinciorAdamSmithorCharlesDickens.

(8)It

wouldbepossibletosay,however,thatinthepast,scientistsandartistscouldwin

“patronage”

formrichpeople—akingoralordwouldgivetheartistsorscientistsmoneytohavethempainttheirpalacesorhelpthemdevelopnewwaysofmakingmoney.Withthechangeinsocialsystemsacrosstheworld,thisnolongerhappens.Alotofscientificresearchisnoweitherfundedbythestateorbyprivatecompanies.

(9)Perhapsawardceremoniesarejustthemostrecentphaseofthisprocess.

(10)However,thereismoretoitthanthat.WhenafilmwinsanOscar,manymore

people

willgoandseeit,orbuytheDVD.WhenawriterwinstheNobelPrize,manymorepeoplebuytheirbooks.WhenagroupwinstheMTVawards,theceremonyisseenbyhundredsofthousandsofpeopleacrosstheworld.TheresultThegroupsellslotsmorerecords.

(11)Mostawardceremoniesarenowsponsoredbybigorganizationsorcompanies.Thismeansthatitisnotonlythepersonwhowinstheawardwhobenefits---butalsothesponsors.TheMTVawards,forexample,aregreatfor

publicizing

notonlymusic,butalsoMTVitself!

(12)Onthesurface,itseemstobea

“Win-win”

situation,witheveryonebeinghappy,butletmeaskyouaquestion—howfardoyouthinkthat

publicity

andmarketingarewinninghere,andhowmuchgenuinerecognitionofachievementistakingplace

43.Whatistheauthor’stonewhenhementionsawardssuchastheOscars,theGoldenGlobesandGrammies(Paras.3&4)

A.Amused.

B.Appreciative.

C.Sarcastic.

D.Serious.

44.AccordingtoPara.4,whatwouldhappentoawardwinningwriters

A.Theywouldenjoyamuchlargerreadership.

B.Theywouldturntopopularnovelwriting.

C.Theywouldcontinuenon-fictionwriting.

D.Theywouldtrycontroversialformsofart.

45.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupPara.6

A.Awardsceremoniesareheldforlocalpeople.

B.Awardsceremoniesareheldonimportantoccasions.

C.Awardsceremoniesareheldincertainprofessions.

D.Awardsceremoniesareheldforallsortsofreasons.

46.AccordingtoPara.8,onedifferencebetweenscientistsandartistsinthepastandthoseatpresentliesin_____________.

A.natureofwork

B.personalcontact

C.sourceoffunding

D.socialstatus

47.ItcanbeconcludedfromPara.12thattheauthorthinksawards________.

A.promotemarketratherthanachievements

B.dogoodtobothmarketandpopularity

C.helpthosewhoarereallytalented

D.areeffectiveinmakingpeoplepopular

PASSAGETHREE

(1)KnowingthatMrs.Mallardsufferedfromahearttrouble,greatcarewastakentobreaktoherasgentlyaspossiblethenewsofherhusband’sdeath.

(2)ItwashersisterJosephinewhotoldher,inbrokensentences.Herhusband’sfriendRichardswasthere,too.Itwashewhohadbeeninthenewspaperofficewhennewsoftherailroaddisasterwasreceived,withBrentlyMallard’snameleadingthelistof“killed”.Hehadonlytakenthetimetoassurehimselfofitstruthbyasecondtelegram.

(3)Sheweptatonce,inhersister’sarms.Whenthestormofsadnesshadspentitselfshewentawaytoherroomalone.Shewouldhavenoonefollowher.

(4)Therestood,facingtheopenwindow,acomfortablearmchair.Intothisshesank,presseddownbyaphysicalexhaustionthathauntedherbodyandseemedtoreachintohersoul.

(5)Shecouldseeintheopensquarebeforeherhousethetopsoftrees.Thedeliciousbreathofrainwasintheair.Thenotesofadistantsongwhichsomeonewassingingreachedher,andcountlesssparrowsweretwitteringintheeaves).

(6)Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthathadmetandpiledabovetheotherinthewestfacingherwindow.

(7)Shesatwithherheadthrownbackuponthecushionofthechair,quitemotionless,exceptwhenasobcameupintoherthroatandshookher,asachildwhohascrieditselftosleepcontinuestosobinitsdreams.

(8)Shewasyoung,withafair,calmface,whoselinesbespokerepressionandevenacertainstrength.Butnowtherewasadullstareinhereyes,whosegazewasfixedawayoffyonderononeofthosepatchesofbluesky.Itwasnotaglanceofreflection,butratherindicatedasuspensionofintelligentthought.

(9)

Therewassomethingcomingtoherandshewaswaitingforit,fearfully.WhatwasitShedidnotknow;itwastoosubtleandelusivetoname.Butshefeltit,creepingoutofthesky,reachingtowardherthroughthesounds,thescents,thecolorthatfilledtheair.

(10)Nowherbosomroseandfelltumultuously.Shewasbeginningtorecognizethisthingthatwasapproachingtopossessher,andshewasstrivingtobeatitbackwithherwill-aspowerlessashertwowhiteslenderhandswouldhavebeen.

(11)Whensheabandonedherselfalittlewhisperedwordescapedherslightlypartedlips.Shesaiditoverandoverunderherbreath:"Free,free,free!"Thevacantstareandthelookofterrorthathadfolloweditwentfromhereyes.Theystayedkeenandbright.Herpulsesbeatfast,andthecoursingbloodwarmedandrelaxedeveryinchofherbody.

(12)Sheknewthatshewouldweepagainwhenshesawthekind,tenderhandsfoldedindeath;thefacethathadneverlookedsavewithloveuponher,fixedandgrayanddead.Butshesawbeyondthatbittermomentalongprocessionofyearstocomethatwouldbelongtoherabsolutely.Andsheopenedandspreadherarmsouttotheminwelcome.

(13)Therewouldbenoonetoliveforherduringthosecomingyears;shewouldliveforherself.Therewouldbenopowerfulwillbendingherinthatblindpersistencewithwhichmenandwomenbelievetheyhavearighttoimposeaprivatewilluponafellow-creature.

(14)Andyetshehadlovedhim-sometimes.Oftenshehadnot.Whatdiditmatter!Whatcouldlove,theunsolvedmystery,countforinfaceofthispossessionofself-assertion,whichshesuddenlyrecognizedasthestrongestimpulseofherbeing!

(15)“Free!Bodyandsoulfree!”shekeptwhispering.

(16)Josephinewaskneelingbeforethecloseddoorwithherlipstothekeyhole,imploringforadmission."Louise,openthedoor!Ibeg;openthedoor-youwillmakeyourselfill.Whatareyoudoing,LouiseForheaven'ssakeopenthedoor."

(17)"Goaway.Iamnotmakingmyselfill."No;shewasdrinkinginaveryelixir(長生不老藥)oflifethroughthatopenwindow.

(18)Herfancywasrunningriotalongthosedaysaheadofher.Springdays,andsummerdays,andallsortsofdaysthatwouldbeherown.Shebreathedaquickprayerthatlifemightbelong.Itwasonlyyesterdayshehadthoughtwithashudderthatlifemightbelong.

(19)Shearoseatlengthandopenedthedoortohersister'simportunities.Therewasafeverishtriumphinhereyes,andshecarriedherselfunwittinglylikeagoddessofVictory.Sheclaspedhersister'swaist,andtogethertheydescendedthestairs.R