2024年高中英語(yǔ)必修五第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件及習(xí)題

必修五Unit1講義characteristicn.特性；特性指某人或某物天生有別于他人的內(nèi)部特質(zhì)Genesdeterminethecharacteristicsofeverylivingthing.character（高考三大意思）1.表達(dá)人的“性格”或“品質(zhì)”Theyaretwinsbuthavequitedifferentcharacters.It's

that

kind

of

courage

and

determination

that

makes

him

such

a

remarkablecharacter

2.表達(dá)小說(shuō)或戲劇等中的“人物”或“角色”，是可數(shù)名詞。如：Whoisthemaincharacterintheplay?3.表達(dá)“文字”，指書寫符號(hào)或印刷符號(hào)等，是可數(shù)名詞。如：Hewritesbeautifulcharacters.Chinesecharacter中文analysesb'scharacter

buildandformone'scharacter

radiumn.鐳paintern.畫家；油漆匠必修注意：paint做動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)意思：1.繪畫2.粉刷，油漆putforward提出；把時(shí)鐘往前撥，把東西往前移（常忘掉的詞組）Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?Heputforwardanewplan.Putyourwatchforward;it'sfiveminutesslower.Whydon'tyou

put

yourchair

forward

togetabetterview?

putdown記下；放下；彈壓 putout熄滅putaside放在一邊；儲(chǔ)存；保留 putoff推遲；延期putup；舉起；張貼；搭建 puton穿上；上映，上演；增長(zhǎng)putaway收好，整頓，歸類The

band

are

hoping

to

put

on

a

UK

show

before

the

end

of

the

year.I

can

eat

what

I

want

but

I

never

put

on

weight

We

should

put

aside

our

differences

and

discuss

the

things

we

have

in

commonscientificadj.科學(xué)的concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出conclusionn.結(jié)論；結(jié)束drawaconclusion提出結(jié)論analysevt.分析infectvt.傳染；感染（病毒，疾?。?，或者污染（例如說(shuō)水質(zhì)被污染不潔凈了）affecteffect辨析affect強(qiáng)調(diào)影響的動(dòng)作，過(guò)程。（做動(dòng)詞）The

divorce

affected

Jim

deeplyClimate

and

weather

affect

every

aspect

of

our

lives

effect強(qiáng)調(diào)影響的成果（一般做名詞，有時(shí)也動(dòng)詞），常接句型：haveaneffectonsth.Ifanareaisaffectedbyflooding,theeffectcanbedevastating。infectiousadj.傳染的defeatvt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n.失敗[辨析]win,beat與defeatwin“贏得”賽事、戰(zhàn)事、某物；beat“戰(zhàn)勝”“擊敗”比賽中的對(duì)手，可與defeat互換Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.expertadj.純熟的；經(jīng)驗(yàn)或知識(shí)豐富的n. 專家；行家attendvt.照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參與（照顧可加to也可不加）attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting/schoolattendto:tolookafter,carefor,serve服侍,照顧，看護(hù)Thequeenhadagooddoctorattending（on）her.Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.physiciann.醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師physicist:物理學(xué)家doctor醫(yī)生,是個(gè)通用詞,幾乎什么場(chǎng)所都能用.physician重要是指“內(nèi)科醫(yī)生”,與“外科醫(yī)生（surgeon）（此單詞要背）”相對(duì),當(dāng)然在美語(yǔ)中我也常常聽(tīng)到一般醫(yī)生也說(shuō)surgeon.exposevt.暴露；揭發(fā)；使曝光expose…to（to做介詞）使顯露；暴露Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.(書本原句)但當(dāng)他一想到要協(xié)助那些得了霍亂的一般人時(shí)，他就感到很振奮。exposedtocholera在句中是過(guò)去分詞作後置定語(yǔ)，表達(dá)被動(dòng)。意為“患霍亂的”。如：ThebookwrittenbyLuxunisverypopular.ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.exposesb/sthtosthHeexposeshisskintothesun.beexposedtosth.(to做介詞)HisskinisexposedtothesunWearesupposedtobeexposedtoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.deadlyadj.致命的curen.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治療o(wú)utbreakn.爆發(fā)；發(fā)作（尤指疾病或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）challengen.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)victimn.受害者victim是受害人，受傷或在意外中死亡的人都可以稱為victimNotallthevictimssurvived.sufferer是受難者或患病者，一般指遭受苦難或患病的人absorbvt.吸?。晃?；使專心句型：beabsorbedin(1)專注，聚精會(huì)神beabsorbedin＝putone’sheartinto=concentrateon集中精力做某事Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyourcall.Absorbedinhiswork，Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep.（2）吸取，把……吸取入Blackclothabsorbslight.黑布吸取光線。Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.suspectvt.懷疑n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯enquiryn.問(wèn)詢(此單詞高考少見(jiàn)，不過(guò)生活中倒是見(jiàn)得多，=inquiry)例如說(shuō)某個(gè)單位的問(wèn)詢處，公安辦案的問(wèn)詢，都是此單詞neighbourhoodn.附近；鄰近intheneighborhood在附近severeadj.嚴(yán)重的；劇烈的；嚴(yán)厲的(=soserious)Iwascaughtinaseverestormlastnightandcouldn’tgobackhomeintime.Hehassuchasevereillnessthathehasbeeninhospital.Isufferedasevereattackoftoothache.clueadj.線索；提醒pumpn.泵；抽水機(jī)vt.（用泵）抽（水）Cambridge劍橋大街foreseevt.預(yù)見(jiàn)；預(yù)知fore為前綴：在前面，在此前。由此可得出諸多詞匯的大概意思forearmn.前臂foreheadn.前額foresightn.先見(jiàn)之明,遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn),深謀遠(yuǎn)慮foretasten.預(yù)嘗,先試foretellv.預(yù)言,預(yù)測(cè)forewarnv.預(yù)先警告forewordn.序言,引言,序forecastv./n.foregroundn.前景（background背景）investigatevt.&vi.調(diào)查investigationn.調(diào)查blamevt.責(zé)怪；訓(xùn)斥過(guò)錯(cuò)；責(zé)怪blamesb.forsth./doingsth.因某事責(zé)怪某人Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事歸咎于某人Thepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack’scarelessdriving.betoblamefor(doing)sth．因(做)某事某人應(yīng)當(dāng)受到訓(xùn)斥；注意:betoblame應(yīng)受責(zé)怪（積極表被動(dòng)）；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.pollutevt.污染；弄臟handlen.柄；把手vt.處理；操縱=dealwith（此單詞兩個(gè)意思老會(huì)忘掉其中一種，必須牢記）germn.微生物；細(xì)菌linkvt.&n.連接；聯(lián)絡(luò)link…to…將……和……聯(lián)絡(luò)或連接起來(lái)announcevt.宣布；告知certaintyn.確信；確實(shí)instructvt.命令；指示；教導(dǎo)responsibleadj.有責(zé)任的；負(fù)責(zé)的（beresponsiblefor對(duì)......有責(zé)任）名詞形式為responsibility責(zé)任初學(xué)此單詞及其輕易與response混淆responsen.回應(yīng)，答復(fù)（theresponseto）,動(dòng)詞形式為respondThere

has

been

no

response

to

his

remarks

from

the

government

constructvt.建設(shè)；修建constructionn.建設(shè)；建筑物（underconstruction在建設(shè)當(dāng)中）contributevt.&vi.捐獻(xiàn)，奉獻(xiàn)；導(dǎo)致，助于1.此單詞初三學(xué)過(guò)一種短語(yǔ)為makeacontributionto（為.....作出奉獻(xiàn)）Thisinventionmadeamajorcontributiontoroadsafety.2.Hisresearchhascontributedalottoourunderstandingofthisdisease.Hepromisedtocontribute$5,000totheschoolrebuildingproject.3.contributeto可表達(dá)“導(dǎo)致，促成；有助于”。此句型的構(gòu)造和意思有點(diǎn)類似于leadtoSmokingcertainlycontributedtohisearlydeath.apartfrom除……之外；此外1）相稱于besides.意為“除……以外（還包括）”Apartfrommymothertongue,Ispeakseveralforeignlanguagesaswell.除了母語(yǔ)外，我還會(huì)講好幾種外語(yǔ)。2）相稱于except.意為“除……以外（不包括）”IlikeallthesubjectsapartfromEnglish.除了英語(yǔ)外，我喜歡所有學(xué)科。fireworkn.煙火（燃放）chartn.圖表creativeadj.有發(fā)明力的；發(fā)明性的；獨(dú)創(chuàng)的co-operativeadj.合作的positiveadj.積極的；肯定的；確實(shí)的（be）strictwith…對(duì)……嚴(yán)格的revolutionaryadj.革命的；重大變革的movementn.移動(dòng)；運(yùn)動(dòng)；動(dòng)作makesense講得通；故意義Itdoesn'tmakesensetobuythatexpensivecoatforthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.backwardadv.&adj.向後地（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）loopn.圈；環(huán)privatelyadv.私下地；秘密地spinvi.&vt.(使)旋轉(zhuǎn)；紡（線或紗）brightnessn.明亮；亮度；聰穎enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的句型：beenthusiasticaboutcautiousadj.小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的becautiousabout對(duì)......謹(jǐn)慎名詞是：cautionrejectvt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄universen.宇宙；世界過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1)語(yǔ)法功能相稱于一種定語(yǔ)從句ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.ThebikewhichwasstolenbelongstoJack.ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.theaffectedpeople受感染的人abrokenheart一顆破碎的心alostdog喪家之犬a(chǎn)brokenglass被打破的玻璃杯Attention：過(guò)去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those等不定代詞時(shí)，要放在這些詞背面。Is

there

anything

unsolved?

There

is

noting

changed

here

since

I

left

this

town.b.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)：一般後置，其作用相稱于定語(yǔ)從句。peopleexposedtocholera=peoplewhowasexposedtocholerathebookrecommendedbyJack=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbyJackthemachinesproducedlastyear=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyearc.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)不表被動(dòng)，只表完畢。arisensun已升起的太陽(yáng)thegonedays逝去的時(shí)光fallenleaves落葉目前分詞與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.Haveyoureadthebookrecommendedbyyourteacher?thechangingworld（正在變化的）thechangedworld（變化了的）boilingwater（正在沸騰的）boiledwater（已經(jīng)沸騰過(guò)的）fadingflowers(正在凋落的)fadedflowers（已經(jīng)凋落的）adevelopingcountry(發(fā)展中的)adevelopedcountry（發(fā)達(dá)的）adrowningman將近淹死的人adrownedman已經(jīng)淹死的人fallingleaves正在飄落的樹(shù)葉fallenleaves落葉aretiredworker退休工人anescapedprisoner逃犯3）及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(done)與目前分詞的被動(dòng)式(beingdone)都可以表達(dá)“被動(dòng)”，但前者多表達(dá)一種完畢了的動(dòng)作，而後者則表達(dá)一種正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdayisverycomplicatedtheproblembeingdiscussedisverycomplicated過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)1過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，其作用相稱于adj.,闡明的是主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.常見(jiàn)作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有：disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried,gone,dressed,lost等。注意過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)造相似，但兩者體現(xiàn)的意思明顯不一樣，前者闡明主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)及所處的狀態(tài)，而後者強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。Myglassesarebroken.我的眼鏡碎了。(狀態(tài)）Myglasseswerebrokenbymyson.我的眼鏡被我兒子摔碎了。（動(dòng)作）1.Thedisc,digitally______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded2.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,____as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown3.Mostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited4.Assoonassheenteredther