2024年高考英語易錯(cuò)題 閱讀理解：推理判斷題4大陷阱（教師版新高考專用）

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)15閱讀理解推理判斷題

易錯(cuò)陷阱1：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】

1.選項(xiàng)中的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類詞意辨析不清；

2.原文中表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的形容詞和副詞詞義；

3.未能從所列舉的例子中理解作者真正表達(dá)的意思；

易錯(cuò)陷阱2：文章出處和讀者對(duì)象易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】讀者需要具備一定的生活常識(shí)，對(duì)報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、科普、小說、廣告、說明書、

旅游指南等有基本的了解，才能根據(jù)文章的特點(diǎn)對(duì)號(hào)入座，選出正確的答案。有時(shí)命題者為了

增加試題的難度，特殊的格式或日期可能不出現(xiàn)，這時(shí)需要根據(jù)文章的題材內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推斷。

如，發(fā)布新聞，最可能是出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙上；如果是科普讀物，可能是出自科普雜志上。

易錯(cuò)陷阱3：寫作目的和意圖易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】考生應(yīng)根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測(cè)作者的寫作意圖和寫作手法。作者一般不直接陳述自己

的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這就要求考生不但

要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具備對(duì)作者闡述問題的方法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。如，

廣告是作者要推銷一種產(chǎn)品或一種服務(wù)：吸引更多的游客、讀者或訂戶、觀眾等。議論文是為

了說服讀者接受或贊同某一觀點(diǎn)。

易錯(cuò)陷阱4：細(xì)節(jié)推斷易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，推斷具體的細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物

身份、事件等。題干中常出現(xiàn)infer（推斷），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest

（暗示）.conclude（作出結(jié)論），assume（假定，設(shè)想）等詞?？忌鷳?yīng)以文中信息為依據(jù)，不

但要理解表層含義，而且要理解深層意義。

三恐

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒一】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

[例1]（2024屆河北省百師聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考）

But,itdoesn，thavetobeallbadnews."Onemajormotivationinstudyingthe

linkbetweenclimatechangeandhuman-wildlifeconflictsisfindingsolutions,“said

Abrahms."Aswelearnaboutspecificincidents,wecanidentifypatternsandtends-and

comeupwithinterventions（干預(yù)）totrytoaddresstheseconflicts.”

Someinterventionsmaybeassimpleaspub1ic-awarenesscampaigns.Governmentscan

alsoplanfortieswhenextremeclimateeventswillbringpeopleandwildifeintocloser

contact."Onceyouknowtherootcausesofaconflict,youcandesigninterventions

tohelpbothpeopleandwildlife,”saidAbrahms."Wecanchange.”

WhatdoesAbrahmsthinkofinterventions?

A.Theyaretoosimple.B.Theyareout-of-date.

C.Theyarechangeable.D.Theyarebeneficial.

易錯(cuò)分析：拘泥于找到原詞，不能從話語中推理作者真正的態(tài)度，從而無中生有，僅憑現(xiàn)實(shí)生

活主觀臆斷。

【答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，Abrahms認(rèn)為，一旦你知道沖突的根本原因，

你就可以設(shè)計(jì)干預(yù)措施，以幫助人類和野生動(dòng)物。據(jù)此可知，他認(rèn)為干預(yù)措施是有益的。

【變式1】（江蘇省2023-2024學(xué)年高三名校聯(lián)考檢測(cè)試題）

Ofcourse,allofthesearepredictions.Scientistshavesaidit'salmost

impossibletotrulypredicthowevolutionwillunfold.Aswegofurtherandfurther

out,thepredictionislessaccurate.Andit'sevenmoredifficulttopredictwhether

anotherspecieswilldevelophuman-levelintelligence,Somethinkthatitcouldhappen.

Others,however,arelessoptimisticbecausetheydon'tthinknaturewillmakemistakes

twice.

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefutureofotherspeciesfillingthesamerole

ashumans?

A.Hopeless.B.Challenging.

C.Promising.D.Uncertain.

【答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)段中“Ofcourse,allofthesearepredictions.Scientistshave

saidit'salmostimpossibletotrulypredicthowevolutionwillunfold.Aswegofurther

andfurtherout,thepredictionislessaccurate.Andit'sevenmoredifficultto

predictwhetheranotherspecieswilldevelophuman-levelintelligence,Somethinkthat

itcouldhappen.Others,however,arelessoptimisticbecausetheydon'tthinknature

willmakemistakestwice.（當(dāng)然，所有這些都是預(yù)測(cè)?？茖W(xué)家們表示，要真正預(yù)測(cè)進(jìn)化將如

何展開幾乎是不可能的。隨著我們?cè)阶咴竭h(yuǎn)，預(yù)測(cè)就越不準(zhǔn)確。更難預(yù)測(cè)的是另一個(gè)物種是否

會(huì)發(fā)展出人類水平的智力，有些人認(rèn)為這是可能發(fā)生的。然而，其他人則不那么樂觀，因?yàn)樗?/p>

們認(rèn)為大自然不會(huì)犯兩次錯(cuò)誤。）”可知，未來的其他物種能否扮演與人類相同的角色？有的人

認(rèn)為這是可能的，而有的人則對(duì)此持消極態(tài)度。因此，智能生物的未來是不確定的。故選D。

【變式2]（2024屆浙江省紹興市高三上學(xué)期模擬預(yù)測(cè)英語試題）

“Noonecanreadapamphlet（小冊(cè)子）aboutcarsandsuddenlyexpecttodrive,“

saidRollins."Drivingisaskillthatrequireseducationandpractice.Thesameis

trueofresponsiveparenting.Publichealthprofessionals,clinicians,andresearchers

mustcollaboratetohelpfamiliesdeveloppsychosocialassets,includingresponsive

parentingandastructuredhomeenvironment.Thiscouldimprovechildhoodobesityrates

andotherimportantquality-of-lifeoutcomes,“shecontinued.

WhichofthefollowingwouldProfessorRollinsagreewith?

A.Kids'earlyexposurestofamilypsychosocialassetsarehardtomeasure.

B.Kids'academicsuccesslargelydependsonfamilypsychosocialassets.

C.Responsiveparentingisthemostimportantfamilypsychosocialasset.

D.Developingpsychosocialassetsisajointeffortofexpertsandfamilies.

【答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)段中^Publichealthprofessionals,clinicians,andresearchers

mustcollaboratetohelpfamiliesdeveloppsychosocialassets,includingresponsive

parentingandastructuredhomeenvironment.??（公共衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員、臨床醫(yī)生和研究人

員必須合作，幫助家庭發(fā)展心理社會(huì)資產(chǎn)，包括響應(yīng)式養(yǎng)育和有組織的家庭環(huán)境。）可推知，發(fā)

展心理社會(huì)資產(chǎn)是專家和家庭的共同努力。故選D項(xiàng)。

【變式3］（廣東省佛山市S7聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)考試題）

Thesekidsareadmittedlyluckierthanthoseforwhomgoingbackhomeissadlynot

anoption.Butwhenchoosingtolivewithyourmumistheonlywayofcopingwithan

insecurejob,orwiththecostsofrentinginthecity,thenthat,snotmuchofachoice.

Homeisstilltheplacewhere,whenyouhavetogothere,theyhavetotakeyouin.

Butahealthyandsuccessfulsocietyshouldn'tbesendingquitemanyovergrownchildren

hurryingbackforshelter,andnorshoulditleavequitemanyparentsfeelingbadabout

it.

Whatistheauthor,sattitudetothistrend?

A.Favorable.B.Confused.C.Tolerant.D.Disapproving.

【答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butwhenchoosingtolivewithyourmumistheonly

wayofcopingwithaninsecurejob,orwiththecostsofrentinginthecity,thenthat's

notmuchofachoice.Homeisstilltheplacewhere,whenyouhavetogothere,they

havetotakeyouin.Butahealthyandsuccessfulsocietyshouldn'tbesendingquite

manyovergrownchildrenhurryingbackforshelter,andnorshoulditleavequitemany

parentsfeelingbadaboutit.（但是，當(dāng)選擇和媽媽住在一起是應(yīng)對(duì)不穩(wěn)定的工作或城市租

金的唯一方法時(shí)，這就不是什么好選擇了。家仍然是一個(gè)地方，當(dāng)你必須去那里時(shí)，他們必須

接納你。但是一個(gè)健康和成功的社會(huì)不應(yīng)該讓那么多年齡過大的孩子匆忙趕回家尋求庇護(hù)，也

不應(yīng)該讓那么多父母為此感到難過?！?可推知，作者不贊成這種趨勢(shì)。故選D項(xiàng)。

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒二】文章出處和讀者對(duì)象易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【例2］（湖南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三摸底考試）

Whenyouthinkaboutit,foodisanimportantpartofourlives.Familygatherings

centeraroundfoodandthecelebrationofmajorlifeeventsandmilestonesinvolves

foodinonewayoranother.ThesameholdstrueforushereontheSpaceStation.Food

isimportantandendsupusuallybeingatopicofdiscussionforalmosteverycrew.

Ourfoodalsocomespackagedinmanyways.Butnomatterwhattheformofthefood

though,youstillhavethesameproblemeatingityoudonotwantitflyingaway

fromyouandmakingamesswhenyouopenitup.Inthiscasealittlebitofextrawater

isextremelyhelpful.Itkeepsthefoodkindofstickingtogetherandtothepackage

andtoyourspoon.Smallthingsdoescapefromtimetotime,butwereallytryhard

tominimizetherandomflyingfoodproblem.Thatisenoughfornow!NexttimeIwill

writeabouthowtocookinspace.

Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?

A.Afoodmagazine.B.Anastronaut?sjournal.

C.Asci-fihandbook.D.Aspacehistorywebsite.

易錯(cuò)分析：對(duì)生活常識(shí)記日志不熟悉，且第——段細(xì)節(jié)ushereontheSpaceStation未能正確

理解。

【答案】B

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第——段中的“ThesameholdstrueforushereontheSpaceStation.

（對(duì)于在空間站的我們而言也是如此。）”，以及最后一段中的"NexttimeIwillwriteabout

howtocookinspace.（下次我會(huì)寫一寫在太空烹飪的事情。）”可以得知，本文以第一人稱來

陳述太空飲食方面的內(nèi)容，因此本文應(yīng)該是一篇宇航員的太空日志。故選B。

【變式1］（江蘇省2023-2024學(xué)年高三名校聯(lián)考檢測(cè)試題）

InhislatestTwittershake-up,ElonMuskhasdecidedtotemporarilycontrolhow

manytweetsuserscanreadeachday.

OnSaturday,Muskannouncedthedailylimit,withsomeaccountsrestrictedto300

posts.Musksaidverifieduserswouldbeabletoread6,000postsperday,while

unverifiedandnewlycreatedunverifiedaccountswouldonlybeabletoreadeither600

or300postsperday.

Whereisthisarticlemostlikelytooccur?

A.Inafreemagazineofferedonanairplane.

B.InayearlyreviewbookconcerningInternetandsociety.

C.Inanewspaperpublishedwithinonemonth.

D.Inaliteraturecriticismbookonpolitics.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“OnSaturday,Muskannouncedthedailylimit,with

someaccountsrestrictedto300posts.（周六，馬斯克宣布了每日限制，一些賬戶被限制

在300個(gè)帖子）”以及第四段中的“OnFriday,MuskalsochangedTwitter'srulestostop

unregisteredusersfromviewingtweetswithoutsigningup.（周五，馬斯克還改變了推

特的規(guī)則，禁止未注冊(cè)用戶在未注冊(cè)的情況下查看推文）”等等，能反映本文是一篇緊跟時(shí)事的

文章，且本文的語言較為陳述性，不夾雜作者的個(gè)人情感，因此最有可能的就是近一個(gè)月的新

聞報(bào)道。故選C。

【變式2］（江蘇省前黃高級(jí)中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三學(xué)情檢測(cè)）

SpecialFoodPlacestoTryInSingapore

It'sanunpleasantfactthatlocalfoodplacesareusuallymeanttocaterto

meat-eaters.Itcanbedifficulttofindatastyfoodplacethatcaterstomeat-free

diet.Herearesomeoptionstoshowyoudon'tneedmeatforasatisfactorytreat.

Whoisthepassageintendedfor?

A.Thosewhowanttoloseweight.

B.Thosewhodon'teatmeat.

C.Thosewhocan'tgowithoutmeat.

D.Thosewhopreferhome-madefood.

【答案】B

【解析】推理判斷題。本艮據(jù)第——段中的“Itcanbedifficulttofindatastyfoodplacethat

caterstomeat-freediet.Herearesomeoptionstoshowyoudon'tneedmeatfora

satisfactorytreat.（很難找到一個(gè)迎合無肉飲食的美食場(chǎng)所。這里有一些選擇，告訴你不需

要吃肉就能得到令人滿意的款待。）”可推知，這篇文章是寫給那些不吃肉或魚的人的。故選Bo

【變式3】（廣東省東莞實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)“收心”試題）

BeerWorthTravelingFor

Onecouldgivetobeerthehigherstatusofauniversalhumantruth.ThinkIrish

GuinnessorJapaneseSapporo,eachculturehasabeerallitsown.Butinrecentyears,

smaller,morelocalcraftbreweries（啤酒廠）havebeenontherise,necessitating

globe-trottingtogainatasteoftheregionaltakesontheclassics.

Fromwell-establishedbreweriesinSouthAfricaandCalifornia,tothegrowing

marketsinSoutheastAsia,craftbeerisworthtravellingfor.

SzotBrewery

Talagante,Chile

ACalifornianandChileanhusband-and-wifeteamestablishedthisbreweryoutside

Santiagoin2016

TheDancingCamelBrewery

TelAviv,Israel

Locatedinaconvertedgrainstoragefacilitydatingfromthe1930sandestablished

in2005,DancingCamelisIsrael,soldestmicrobrewery

YoungMasterBrewery

HongKongSAR,China

AsoneofthefirstcraftbreweriesinHongKong,YoungMasterAleshasbeenahot

spotsince2013.Inadditionto

YoungHenrysBrewery

Sydney,Australia

Intheheartofthecity,thisbreweryisallaboutthecommunity,includingreducing

itsenvironmentalimpact

Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?

A.Atravelguidebook.

B.Asciencemagazine.

C.Abiologytextbook.

D.Awineadvertisement.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判斷題，根據(jù)文章的標(biāo)題“BeerWorthTravelingFor（值得旅行的啤酒）”可知,

文章主要介紹了幾處值得旅行參觀的精釀啤酒廠。由此推知，文章應(yīng)是來自旅游手冊(cè)。故選A

項(xiàng)。

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒三】寫作目的和意圖易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

[例3]（2024屆河北省百師聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考）

Navigatinggrowingupalongsideacademicdemandsisadifficultphaseoflifefor

anyone."ThehardestpartofhavingdyscalculiainmyK-12experiencewasdealingwith

adisabilityontopofthenormalaspectsofgrowingup,“Cladeksaid.uGrowingup

withdyscalculiagreatlyaffectedmyself-worthandnotfeelinglikeIamenough,“said

Cladek,whoisnowacollegestudent."If1couldonlybeabletofitinwiththerest

ofthekidsandnothavethisanxietyandfrustrationeverytimeIlookatamathproblem

onmyworksheet,thenI'11beenough,whichwasacommonthoughtIhad.”

WhatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentoningCladek'sexperience?

A.Cladekhasfantasticmemoriesofschooling.

B.It'sbettertohavedyscalculiadiagnosedearlier.

C.Growingupwithdyscalculiaisabigchallenge.

D.Academicdemandsoutweighstrugglingwithdyscalculia.

易錯(cuò)分析：原文對(duì)應(yīng)均是長(zhǎng)難句，容易錯(cuò)誤分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致不理解句意，更不能推斷出其深

層含義。

【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Cladek說的話“Growingupwithdyscalculiagreatly-

affectedmyself-worthandnotfeelinglikeIamenough,,,可知，患有計(jì)算障礙的成長(zhǎng)極

大地影響了Cladek的自我價(jià)值，總感覺自己不夠好。由此可知，對(duì)一個(gè)成長(zhǎng)過程中的人來說“數(shù)

盲癥”是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。

【變式1】（江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三學(xué)情檢測(cè)）

AsMrs.Brownrevealedinherawardacceptancespeechaboutherjourneytocreating

EdenVillage,helpinghomelesspeopleissomethingpersonal,“Iwatchedasmyhomeless

friendswalkedoffintothedarknesstoahidden,wetandcoldcampwhilewewenthome

toawarmbed.Ihadtodosomething.”

WhyisMrs.Brown,sawardacceptancespeechmentionedintheparagraph?

A.Toexpresshersympathyforherfriends.

B.Tohighlighttheinfluenceofthevillage.

C.Toshowhersinceregratitudefortheaward.

D.Togiveherreasonforsettingupthevillage.

易錯(cuò)分析：不能從引述話語中理解作者意圖、推斷作者深層含義廠

【答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)段中LindaBrown所說的話“Iwatchedasmyhomelessfriends

walkedoffintothedarknesstoahidden,wetandcoldcampwhilewewenthometoa

warmbed.Ihadtodosomething.（我看著我那些無家可歸的朋友們走進(jìn)黑暗中一個(gè)隱蔽的、

又濕又冷的營(yíng)地，而我們則回家睡在溫暖的床上。我必須做點(diǎn)什么）”可以推論出，段中提到

Mrs.Brown的獲獎(jiǎng)感言是為了說明她建立EdenVillage的理由。故選D項(xiàng)。

【變式2]（2024屆浙江省紹興市高三上學(xué)期模擬預(yù)測(cè)英語試題）

Eggs-perimentingwitheggs

Whatcanyoudowitheggsotherthaneatthem?

NakedEggs

Whatdoesanegglooklikewithoutitsshell?Youmaybepicturingthewhiteand

yolkinabowlaftercrackingit,butthatisn'ttheonlywaytoremovetheshell.

Materials:anegg,whitevinegar,abowl,aspoon

Directions:Fillabowlwithonecupofvinegar.Addtheeggtothebowl,andwait

atleast24hours.Whenyoucheckitafteraday,you'11noticesomebubblesonthe

eggandaresidue（殘留物）inthewater.Usethespoontogentlyremovetheeggfrom

thebowl.Dumpouttheoldvinegar,andaddacupoffreshvinegar.Returntheeggto

thebowl,andwaitanother24hours.Whenyouremovetheeggthistime,theshellshould

becompletelydissolved.Whatremainswillbethecontentsoftheegg.

WalkingonEggshells

CanEggsholdtheweightofyourentirebody?

Materials:sixcartons（硬紙盒）ofeggs,agarbagebag

Directions:Placethegarbagebagonthefloortomakeanynecessarycleanupeasier.

Placethecartonsofeggsintotworowsofthree.Makesurealltheeggsarepointing

inthesamedirection一eitherallpointyenduporallroundedendup.Stepontothe

firstcartonofeggscarefully.Makesureyourfootisasflataspossibleandthat

youaredistributingyourweightevenly.Ifyou'recareful,youwillsucceed.Eggs

areactuallyincrediblystrong.Thearchshapeatthetopandthebottomoftheegg

allowspressuretobedistributedevenlyovertheegg.Ifyouweretoplacetheeggs

ontheirsidesinstead,you'dbelikelytowindupwithagooey（膠粘的）mess.

Whatwastheauthor,spurposeinwritingthistext?

A.Topersuadereaderstouseeggsinnewways.

B.Toentertainreaderswithfunnyuseforeggs.

C.Totellreaderssomewaystoexperimentwitheggs.

D.Toinspirereaderstoconductexperimentscarefully.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，可知文章主要講述兩個(gè)用雞蛋做實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法，所以目的就是

告訴我們雞蛋除了吃，還可以用來做實(shí)驗(yàn)以及具體的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，故選C。

【變式3】（Z20名校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三第一次聯(lián)考試題）

Macaquesdon'tusethesharpflakestheycreateforanything,Lunczadds,noting

thatthemonkeyshavesharpteethanddon'tneedcuttingtools.Thesimilarancient

stonetoolscollectedfromsomeoftheearliestknownsites,however,showevidence

ofbeingusedforcuttingtasks.Forexample,inOldowan,asitedatingbetween3.3

millionand1.5millionyearsago,researchersanalyzeduse-wearpatternsonthetools

andfoundthatsomeoftheflakesshoweddamagealongtheiredges,indicatingthatthey

hadbeenusedforcutting.Cutmarksonsomefossilsrevealedthathomininshadused

stonetoolsforbutcheringtheanimals,makingitclearthatthesharpstonetoolswere

anythingbutunintentionalby-productsofotherpoundingactivities.

WhydoestheauthormentiontheOldowansiteinparagraph3?

A.Toprovidespecificproof.B.Toclarifyacomplexconcept.

C.Topresentaninterestingfact.D.Tomakeadetailedcomparison.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thesimilarancientstonetoolscollectedfromsome

oftheearliestknownsites,however,showevidenceofbeingusedforcuttingtasks.

Forexample,inOldowan,asitedatingbetween3.3millionand1.5millionyearsago,

researchersanalyzeduse-wearpatternsonthetoolsandfoundthatsomeoftheflakes

showeddamagealongtheiredges,indicatingthattheyhadbeenusedforcutting.（然

而，從一些已知最早的遺址中收集到的類似的古代石器顯示出用于切割任務(wù)的證據(jù)。例如，在

奧爾德萬，一個(gè)可以追溯到大約330萬到150萬年前的遺址。研究人員分析了這些工具的使用

磨損模式，發(fā)現(xiàn)一些薄片的邊緣有損傷，表明它們?cè)挥脕砬懈?。）”可推斷，作者提到奧爾德

萬遺址是為了提供具體的證據(jù)來說明古代石器用于切割任務(wù)。故選A。

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒四】細(xì)節(jié)推斷易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【例4］（湖南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三測(cè)試）

Whocanapply?

AnyoneisqualifiedtoenrollintheSummerSemester,butpleasenotesomecourses

areonlyavailabletocurrentstudentswhoareenrolledinaUQdegree.

Pastapplicantshaveincluded:

?currentUQstudents

?studentsfromotheruniversities,includinginternationalstudents

?professionals

?adultsfromarangeofbackgrounds

?high-schoolstudents

WhichwordcanbestdescribethepastapplicantsofSummerSemester?

A.Skilled.B.Young.C.Diverse.D.Competent.

易錯(cuò)分析：原文細(xì)節(jié)Anyoneisqualifiedtoenroll及后續(xù)舉例未能正確理解和推斷。

【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Whocanapply?部分中“Pastapplicantshaveincluded:current

UQstudents,studentsfromotheruniversities,includinginternational

students,professionals,adultsfromarangeofbackgrounds,high-schoolstudents

（過去的申請(qǐng)者包括：昆士蘭大學(xué)在讀學(xué)生，來自其他大學(xué)的學(xué)生（包括國(guó)際學(xué)生），專業(yè)人士，

來自不同背景的成年人，高中生）”可知，過去的申請(qǐng)者是各種各樣的。因此，背景多樣可以概

括其特征。故選C項(xiàng)。

【變式1］（遼寧省六校2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)考試卷）

Atree-plantinginitiativeinKenyahasseenover30,000treesbeingplanted.The

GreenGenerationInitiativeisaKenyancharitythathasbeenplantingtreestocounter

climatechangeandthereductioninforestintheEastAfricannationsince2016.

SpeakingtoworldleadersattherecentUnitedNationsClimateConferenceinGlasgow

(C0P26),Elizabethissuedaseriouswarningonthethreatofclimatechange.Overtwo

millionofKenyansarefacingclimaterelatedstarvation.In2025,halfoftheworld's

populationwillbefacingwatershortage.Theclimatecrisiswilldisplace80million

peopleinsub-SaharanAfricaalone.

Elizabethsaid,“IhavebeendoingwhatIcan.InspiredbythegreatWangariMaathai,

IfoundedatreegrowinginitiativethatenhancesfoodsecurityforyoungKenyans.”

Sofar,theyhavegrown30,000fruittreestomaturity,providingdesperatelyneeded

nutritionforthousandsofchildren."Everydayweseethatwhenwelookafterthe

trees,theylookafterus.WearetheadultsonthisEarthrightnow,anditisour

responsibilitytoensurethatthechildrenhavefoodandwater,“sheadded.

WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeElizabethWathuti?

A.Friendlyandtalented.B.Caringandresponsible.

C.Honestanddetermined.D.Ambitiousandhumorous.

【答案】B

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)ElizabethWathuti創(chuàng)立慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的目的，特別是第三段的第一句

話“SpeakingtoworldleadersattherecentUnitedNationsClimateConferenceinGlasgow

(C0P26),Elizabethissuedaseriouswarningonthethreatofclimatechange.(最近

在格拉斯哥舉行的聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候大會(huì)上，Elizabeth對(duì)世界各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人發(fā)表講話，就氣候變化的威

脅發(fā)出了嚴(yán)重警告)”和第四段的第一句話“Elizabethsaid,havebeendoingwhatIcan.

InspiredbythegreatWangariMaathai,Ifoundedatreegrowinginitiativethatenhances

foodsecurityforyoungKenyans.?(Elizabeth說：，我一直在做我能做的。在偉大的Wangari

Maathai啟發(fā)下，我創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)植樹計(jì)劃，以提高肯尼亞年輕人的糧食安全')”可以推論出，

ElizabethWathuti是一位富有愛心和責(zé)任心的人。故選B項(xiàng)。

【變式2］（遼寧省六校2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)考試卷）

TheColombianresearchersarenottheonlyonesworkingoncreatingaslower-melting

icecream.In2015,scientistsattheUniversityofDundeeinScotlandfoundthata

naturalproteincalledBsIAwasveryeffectiveinkeepingthetreatfrozenforlonger

periodsoftime.Withbothteamsfightingtobethefirsttogettothemarket,the

futureofeveryone,sfavoritedessertcertainlylooksbright.

Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.BsIAispopularinthemarket.

B.CNFsaremoreusefulandexpensivethanBsIA.

C.IcecreamswithCNFshavebeenonsaleatthemarket.

D.Slowlyenjoyinganicecreamwillsoonbecomeareality.

【答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。由最后一段"TheColombianresearchersarenottheonlyonesworking

oncreatingaslower-meltingicecream.In2015,scientistsattheUniversityofDundee

inScotlandfoundthatanaturalproteincalledBsIAwasveryeffectiveinkeepingthe

treatfrozenforlongerperiodsoftime.”哥倫比亞的研究人員并不是唯一致力于制造一

種融化速度較慢的冰淇淋的人。2015年，蘇格蘭鄧迪大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，一種叫做BsIA的天

然蛋白質(zhì)能有效地讓巧克力保持更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的冷凍。由此推知，人們緩慢吃冰淇淋將會(huì)成為一個(gè)

事實(shí)。故選D。

【變式3］（江蘇省前黃高級(jí)中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三學(xué)情檢測(cè)）

SpecialFoodPlacestoTryInSingapore

It'sanunpleasantfactthatlocalfoodplacesareusuallymeanttocaterto

meat-eaters.Itcanbedifficulttofindatastyfoodplacethatcaterstomeat-free

diet.Herearesomeoptionstoshowyoudon'tneedmeatforasatisfactorytreat.

VeganBurg

VeganBurghasasurprisinglydiverserangeofplant-basedburgers.FromHawaiian

TeriyakitoChar-GrilledSatay,themenupromisestotempteventhemosthardcoremeat

lovers.Andthat'snotevengettingintotheadd-onsandsidesitoffers,suchas

mushroomfriesandbarbecuepotatoes.

WoodsSquareTower,#01-06,Singapore737737

GenesisRestaurant

Thiseateryprovesthatmeat-freedishescanbeasheartyandflavorfulastheir

meat-basedcounterparts.GenesisRestaurantisespeciallyknownforitsjuicydumplings,

springrolls,pork-freenoodlesandtofucheesecake.

HavelockRoad,Singapore059763

ffellSmoochtCollective

WellSmoochtisacafeanddessertbarwhichspecializesinplant-basedicecream.

Madefrombrownrice,sugarcanejuiceandfruitsornutbutters,Smoocht,sricecream,

astheycallit,comesinawidevarietyofdeliciousflavorssuchasEarlGrey

Lavender,RoseCoconutandGulaMelaka.

SinMingCentre,#01-03,Singapore575628

GreenCommon

Thisone-stopplant-basedeateryandmarketplacehasadeliciousmenuof

mouth-wateringmeat-freedishes,fromJapanesecuisinelikesushiandmisoglazedfillet

toWesterndisheslikefishlesstacosandpasta,aswellaslocalfavouritessuchas

seafoodlaksaandevenbuahkeluakrice.

HarbourFrontWalk,#169-170,Singapore098585

Whoisthepassageintendedfor?

A.Thosewhowanttoloseweight.

B.Thosewhodon'teatmeat.

C.Thosewhocan'tgowithoutmeat.

D.Thosewhopreferhome-madefood.

【答案】B

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第——段中的"Itcanbedifficulttofindatastyfoodplacethat

caterstomeat-freediet.Herearesomeoptionstoshowyoudon'tneedmeatfora

satisfactorytreat.（很難找到一個(gè)迎合無肉飲食的美食場(chǎng)所。這里有一些選擇，告訴你不需

要吃肉就能得到令人滿意的款待可推知，這篇文章是寫給那些不吃肉或魚的人的。故選B。

1.（2023年新高考I卷）

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observing

hownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowing

throughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,John

startedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbackto

observingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria

（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombination

ofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.

Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge

（污泥）.First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.

Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.

Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflife

gotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnadded

thesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthe

sludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andall

thatwasleftwaspurewater.

OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-like

facilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healso

designedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.

“Ecologicaldesign“isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."LifeonEarthis

kindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,“hesays."Youputorganismsinnew

relationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdevelop

theirownwaystoself-repair.”

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadan