考研英語(yǔ)模擬試題4

考研英語(yǔ)模擬試題[4]PartPartIStructureandVocabularySectionADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(5points)Atthelastconmmitteemeeting,themotionthatthesaleofthealcohol_____unlawfulwasdefeated.A．wasmadeB．wastobemadeC．bemadeD．wouldbemadeTheagency,_____tosetandenforcehealthstandardforAmericanworkers,hasbeenpromisingacottonduststandardforseveralyears.A．whichisB．whichitisC．whosejobitisD．whosejobisPeoplewereafraidtoleavetheirhouse,_____thepolicehadbeenorderedtostandbyincaseofemergency,theywerejustasconfusedandhelplessasanybodyelse.A．a(chǎn)ndevenifB．butsinceC．howeverafterD．forthoughAslongaswealive,wearelearningand,infact,someofourmostimportantlearningtakesplaceoutsideofschool_____inschool.A．betterthanB．ratherthanC．otherthanD．morethanThetremendousheatatastar'score,_____tremendousgravity,joinsthenucleiofhydrogenatoms.A．combinedwithB．havingcombinedwithC．combiningwithD．beingcombinedtoSuccessinlifedoesnotdependsomuchonone'sschoolrecord_____onone'shonestyanddiligence.A．butB．whereasC．a(chǎn)sD．likeThoughshecouldhardlymakeendsmeetherself,shemanagedtosave_____shecouldoutofherslimsalarytohelpherbrothertogotoschool.A．howlittlemoneyB．suchlittlemoneyC．solittlemoneyD．whatlittlemoneyInlearningaforeignlanguage,_____Engligh,oneshouldfirstpayattentiontospeaking,whichisthegroundworkofreadingandwriting.A．saysB．sayC．tosayD．sayingItisstrangethathe_____sorudetoyou,thoughyoudidsomuchforhim.A．shouldbeB．shouldhavebeenC．isD．was_____canhelpbutadmitthatdrasticchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasincetheeconomicreformin1979.A．EverybodyB．AnybodyC．SomebodyD．NobodySectionBDirections:EachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarkedA,B,CandD.IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(5points)Neversayanything(A)behindaperson'sbackif(B)youwouldn't(C)sayto(D)hisface.Itisnot(A)becausetheywereafraidofearthquakes,but(B)becausetherewasatrendforliving(C)inthesuburbsso(D)afterWoldWarⅡmanySanFranciscansleftthecityhousesandmovedtothesuburb.As(A)ageneralobservation,manyphysiciansregrethaving(B)never(C)takenacourse(D)inthehistoryofmedicine.Itisdifficultforustoexplainphenomena(A)which(B)wehavelittleor(C)nodirect(D)knowledge.Therelived(A)inthevillagethepeasantswhoenjoynosickness(B)benefits,nooldagepensions(C)notany(D)holidays?shy;.Thechangewhichtheseyearshavebroughtabout(A)istoo(B)remarkabletopassover(C)withoutbeingnoticed(D).Ihavetoomany(A)thingstoattend(B)tothataholidayfor(C)menowisoutofthequestion(D).Whenwesitatthetable,wemustwaitforeveryone(A)beforestarting(B)eating.Sometimesyou(C)havetowaituntilthehead(D)ofthefamilybeginseating.Emphasisislaidon(A)thenecessitythatalltheobjectivestobeattained(B)willbetaken(C)intoaccountbeforestarting(D)anewproject.Although(A)amajorityofthehousesinthatareais(B)stillinneedofrepair(C),therehasbeenmuchinprovementintheir(D)appearance.SectionCDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Idon'tthinkI'dliketoshareaflatwithher.I'dfinditdifficultto_____herstandardsoforder.A．liveuptoB．keepuptoC．faceuptoD．makeuptoTheherointhebookwas_____byhisenemiesandleftinagasfilledroom,buthemanagedtoescape.A．boundupB．tiedupC．lockedupD．knockedoverHehas_____averyoddsetofpeople.Ihopetheywon'thaveabadinfluenceonhim.A．gotmixedupwithB．gotinvolvedinC．linedupwithD．comeupwithIcan_____hersuddenfriendiness;shewantsmetolookafterherparrotwhilesheisaway.A．workoutB．makeoutC．seethroughD．figureoutBecauseAmericanparentsbelievethatknowledgeleadstoameaningfullife,theytrytogiveyoungstersmanyopportunitiestodevelopskillsand_____interests.A．worthB．worthyC．valuableD．worthwhilePeopletodayspenda_____portionoftheirtimeconferringontheproperwaytobringupchildren.A．considerableB．significantC．substantialD．surplusSincesheinheritedherfather'sfortune,sheiscompletelyindependent_____herhusband.A．fromB．onC.ofD.withAbenefitperformanceisaperformanceforwhichacharitableorganizationhasboughtoutatadiscountedpriceand_____fundsbysellingticketsatafullprice.A．furnishB．raiseC．a(chǎn)ccumulateD．contributeMoneyservesasameansofaccumulatingwealthandasauniversal_____ofexchangeinthehighlydiversifiedcommercialworld.A．measureB．intermediateC．mediumD．mechanismManymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren'sdepartments._____theusualdisplays,theyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.A．AswellasB．RatherthanC．WiththeexceptionofD．InadditiontoItistruethatroadtravelintheolddayswasdifficult,_____anduncomfortable,butitwascomparativelysafe.A．tediousB．irritableC．worryingD．disinterestingBygivinghimelectricalshocktreatment,thedoctorhas_____apartialcureofhisshortsightedness.A．a(chǎn)ffectedB．effectedC．a(chǎn)ffordedD．renderedChinesediplomaticenvoysweresentwhoshouldstrengthenourinternationalpositionandstriveforworldpeaceandfriendly_____amongpeoples.A．collaborationB．harmonyC．coordinationD.intercourseTheWallStreetmultimillionairesarelookingfornewmarketsoverseaswheretheycan_____theirsurplusgoods.A．dampB．deliverC．dumpD．stampTheyoungsoldierkilled25enemiesinaclosebattle,forwhichhewas_____thetitleofCombatHero.A．a(chǎn)wardedB．rewardedC．conferredD．honouredVietnammilitarycosts_____economicweaknessesintheUnitedStates,whichcleverlyexporteditsinflationabroad.A．reinforcedB．strengthenedC．a(chǎn)cceleratedD．intensifiedNotafewexcellentproposalsbythecountriesofthethirdworldhavebeen_____totheUnifedNations,acceptanceofwhichwillstrengthenpeaceandlessenthedangerofwar.A．submittedB．suggestedC．a(chǎn)dvancedD．releasedIhadbeenpuzzledovertheproblemforoveranhourwithoutanyresultwhenallatoncethesolution_____acrossmymind.A．flushedB．flickeredC．flaredD．flashedForsomerarecases,thedoctordoesnotbasehisdiagnosisonthepatient's_____onlybutalsoontheresultsoftests.A．complaintsB．reportsC．statementsD．symptomsBeforesuburbanizationwhichbeganduringtheemergenceoftheindustrialcity,thecitywasasmallhighlycompactclusterinwhichpeoplemovedaroundonfootandgoodswere_____byhorseandcart.A．conveyedB．surveyedC．forwardedD．deliveredPartIIClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoiceslabelledA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Everyday,hundredsofthousandsofsocialscientistsgotowork.Meanwhile,mostoftherestoftheworldbelievesthatsocialscienceisfrivolous(不重要的、無(wú)意義的)anduseless.Moretothe41，eventhoseingovernmentandbusinesswhosometimeshopetouseresearchfrequently42thatsocialscienceisirrelevant,incomprehensibleor43lowquality.Researchersareusuallyunableto44specificinstancesoftheirwork45used.Socialscientistsare46thattheirworkisnotusedastheythinkitshouldbe,anddismayed47theydonotsharethesocialrespectofnaturalscientists.Sometimesthissituationmayendangerresearchfunds.48theireconomiesintrouble,nationsliketheU.S.andBritainhavebeguntodecidethatsocialscienceisaluxurythattheycando49.Asaresult,the“underutilization”ofresearchhasreceivedasurgeofnewattentionofthesocialscientistsalthoughthefieldhashadcitationsincreasefiftyfoldinthetwentyyears501976．41．A．effectB．pointC．contraryD．a(chǎn)dvantage42．A．a(chǎn)ccuseB．objectC．testifyD．complain43．A．isB．ofC．a(chǎn)tD．very44．A．citeB．confirmC．contendD．conceive45．A．beingB．tobeC．hasbeenD．whichis46．A．fascinatedB．overwhelmedC．terrifiedD．frustrated47．A．ifB．onceC．thatD．whenever48．A．WithB．DespiteC．LestD．Becauseof49．A．withB．withinC．withoutD．a(chǎn)waywith50．A．priorB．previousC．precedingD．precedentPartⅢReadlingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage1Thetraditionaldistinctionbetweenproductsthatsatisfyneedsandthosethatsatisfywantsisnolongeradequatetodescribeclassesofproducts.Intoday'sprosperoussocietiesthedistinctionhasbecomeblurredbecausesomanywantshavebeenturnedintoneeds.Awriter,forinstance,canworkwithpaperandpencils.Thesearelegitimateneedsforthetask.Buttheworkcanbedonemorequicklyandefficientlywithawordprocessor.Thusacomputerissoonviewedasaneedratherthanawant.Inthefieldofmarketing,consumergoodsareclassedaccordingtothewayinwhichtheyarepurchased.Thetwomaincategoriesareconveniencegoodsandshoppinggoods.Twolessertypesarespecialtygoodsandunsoughtgoods.Itmustbeemphasizedthatallofthesetypesarebasedonthewayshoppersthinkaboutproducts,notonthenatureoftheproductsthemselves.WhatisregardedasaconvenienceiteminFrance(wine,forexample)maybeaspecialtygoodintheUnitedStates.Peopledonotspendagreatdealoftimeshoppingforsuchconvenienceitemsasgroceries,newspapers,toothpaste,razorblades,aspirin,andcandy.Thebuyingofconveniencegoodsmaybedoneroutinely,assomefamiliesbuygroceriesonceaweek.Suchregularlypurchaseditemsarecalledstaples.Sometimesconvenienceproductsareboughtonimpulse:someonehasasuddendesireforanicecreamsundaeonahotday.Ortheymaybepurchasedasemergencyitems.Shoppinggoodsareitemsforwhichcustomerssearch.Theycompareprices,quality,andstyles,andmayvisitanumberofstoresbeforemakingadecision.Buyinganautomobileisoftendonethisway.Shoppinggoodsfallintotwoclasses:thosethatareperceivedasbasicallythesameandthosethatareregardedasdifferent.Itemsthatarelookeduponasbasicallythesameincludesuchthingsashomeappliances,televisionsets,andautomobiles.Havingdecidedonthemodeldesired,thecustomerisprimarilyinterestedingettingtheitematthemostfavorableprice.Itemsregardedasinherentlydifferentincludeclothing,furniture,anddishes.Quality,style,andfashionwilleithertakeprecedenceoverprice,ortheywillnotmatteratall.Specialtygoodshavecharacteristicsthatimpelcustomerstomakespecialeffortstofindthem.Pricemaybenoconsiderationatall.Specialtygoodscanincludealmostanykindofproduct.Normally,specialtygoodshaveabrandnameorotherdistinguishingcharacteristics.Unsoughtgoodsareitemsaconsumerdoesnotnecessarilywantorneedormaynotevenknowabout.Promotionoradvertisingbringssuchgoodstotheconsumer'sattention.TheproductcouldbesomethingnewonthemarketastheSonyWalkmanoncewasoritmaybeafairlystandardservice,suchaslifeinsurance,forwhichmostpeoplewillusuallynotbothershopping.Awordprocessorcanbelookedonassatisfyinganeedratherthanawantif_____.A.itisusedathometodopaperworkB.itisusedbyawritertotypeanovelC.itbecomestheonlymeanstoanendD.awriterdoesnotwanttouseitStaples(inthethirdparagraph)arecommodities_____.A.thatpeopleareinconstantneedofB.thatpeopledonotreallywantC.thatpeoplewantbutdon'tneedD.thatareconvenienttopurchaseShoppinggoodsthatareconsideredasbasicallythesamearethose_____.A.thatsatisfysimilarneedsoftheconsumerB.thatconsumersdon'tcarewheretobuythemC.thatconsumersspendmuchtimetolookforD.thatcanbefoundinnearlyeveryshopUnsoughtgoods_____.A.havetobenewB.havetobestandardizedC.havetobepromotedD.havetobesenttoconsumers'ｓhomesPassage2Thelistenerhasagivenamountofenergytoexpendincompletingthecommunicationprocess.Anydistractionthatdemandspartofthatenergywilldiminishtheprobabilitythatcommunicationwilltakeplace.Oneoftheeasiestdistractionstoeliminateisthetoosoftvoice.Youwillfinditnecessarytoadjustyourvoiceleveltoaccommodatethesizeoftheroom,thenumberofpeopleintheaudience,thefurnishings,andtheambientnoiselevel.Thedesiredlevelisonethatseemsslightlygreaterthanthatnormallyheardinconversation.Iftheroomislargeandfilledwithpeople,youwillhavetoputanappropriateamountofpowerinyourvoicetobeeasilyheard.Insomecases,youmayrequireelectronicamplification,whichwillusuallyenableyoutospeakinanordinaryconversationaltone.Furnishingssuchasheavycarpetsanddrapesabsorbagooddealofsound,therebycreatingadeadeningeffectonthespeaker'svoice.Youshouldbeabletojudgetheeffectsofthefurnishingsafterspeakingthefirstfewsentences.Youcanthenmodifyyourvoicelevelasnecessarytoaccountforanysoundabsorbingmaterial.Theambientnoiseintheroommaybemadeupofmotorsoundsfromandoverheadprojector,airconditioning,outsidetraffic,etc.Youmayfinditnecessarytovaryyourvoicelevelattimestoadjustforchangesintheambientnoiselevel.Finally,youshouldbeawareofcuesfrommembersoftheaudiencewhomaycommunicatebybodylanguageaninabilitytohearwhatyouaresaying.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith_____.A．thecommuncationbetweenaspeakerandtheaudienceB．theuseofbodylanguageinaddressinganaudienceC．variousdistractionsofaspeakerfromthespeechD．theappropriateuseofvoicelevelinpublicspeechThesecondsentenceinthefirstparagraphintendstorendertheideathat_____.A．distractionswillrendercommunicationunlikelytohappenB．a(chǎn)ttentiontotheaudienceinpublicspeechismostimportantC．ittakesgreatefforttoovercomeanydistractioninpubliccommunicationD．itisimpossibletocommunicatewhentheaudiencearedistractedfromthespeechThesecondparagraphpointsoutthatitisimportantforaspeaker_____.A．tospeakinanordinaryconversationaltoneB．touseelectronicamplificationinalargeroomC．tospeakinaloudvoiceasinconversationD．toadaptvoiceleveltothesizeoftheroomAccordingtothepassage,inthecourseofspeaking,aspeakershould_____.A．useoverheadprojectorstohelphimB．payenoughattentiontotheaudience'sreactionC．raisevoiceleveltocreatespecialeffectD．ignoreanydistractionfromtheenvironmentPassage3Designingalenscanbecomparedtoplayingchess.Inchessaplayertriestotraphisopponent'skinginaseriesofmoves.Oncreatingalens,lensdesignersattemptsto“trap”lightbyforcingalltheraysarisingfromasinglepointinthesubjecttoconvergeonasinglepointintheimage,asaconsequenceoftheirpassingthroughaseriesoftransparentelementswithpreciselycurvedsurfaces.Sinceinbothcasestheultimategoalandthemeansbywhichitcanbeattainedareknown,oneistemptedtothinktherewillbeasinglebestdecisionatanypointalongtheway.Thenumberofpossibleconsequencesflowingfromanyonedecisionissolarge,however,astobevirtually,ifnotactually,infinite.Thereforeinlensdesign,asinchess,perfectsolutionstoaproblemarebeyondreach.Thesameprinciplesapplytoalllenses.Thelensdesignerhasoneenormousadvantageoverthechessplayer.Thedesignerisfreetocallonanyavailablesourceofhelptoguidehimthroughthecountlessnumberofpossibilities.Mostofthathelponcecamefrommathematicsandphysics,butrecentlycomputertechnology,informationtheory,chemistry,industralengineeringandpsychophysicshaveallcontributedtomakingthedesigner'sjobimmeasurablymoreproductive.Someofthelensesonthemarkettodaywereinconceivableadecadeago.Otherswhosedesignisasmuchasacenturyoldcannowbemassproducedatlowcost.Withthedevelopmentofautomaticproductionmethods,lensesaremadebythemillions,bothoutofglassandoutofplastics.Today'slensesarebetterthanthebestlensesusedbythegreatphotographersofthepast.Moreover,theirpricemaybelower,inspiteoffactthatthe19thcenturycraftsmenworkedforonlyafewdollarsaweekandtoday'slensesaremorecomplex.Thelensdesighercannotfailtobegratefulforthescienceandtechnologythathavemadehisworkeasierandhiscreationsmorewidelyavailable,butheisalsohumbled:itisnolongerpracticalforafinephotographiclenstobedesignedfrombeginningtoendbyasinglehumanmind.Inwhatwaydoeslensdesignresemblechess?A.Inthenumberofstepseachtakestowardsthegoal.B.Inthedesignsofthetwoactivities.C.Thestepstothegoalsandthegoalitselfareknown.D.Eachhasadoerandacompetitor.Inlensdesign,_____.A.itiscompletelyimpossibletopresetthebeststepsalongthewayB.itisalwaysveryhardtosolveanyproblemsC.onecanworkoutabestsolutiontoproblemsineachstepD.therearecountlessstepstowardsthefinalgoalComparedwithachessplayer,lensdesigner_____.A.canputhisdesigntomassproduction.B.candrawonvarioussourcesinhisworkC.canreducethecostoflensproductionD.hasnoonetotrainhimbeforetakinguptheworkAlensdesignerinthepast_____.A.didtheirworkbetterB.didnotuseglassformakinglensesC.wasusuallypoorD.designedthelensallbyhimselfPassage4Aquestionthathealthconsciousconsumersmayaskwhenbuyingproduceiswhethertheyarefreeofpesticides.Butcurrently,thereisnofederalstandardforpesticidefree“organicallygrown”foodsfoodsgrownwithoutsyntheticpesticidesorfertilizers.Theresult,saysU.S.SenateAgricultureCommitteeChairmanPatrickLeahy,isthatconsumers“toooftenseeconfusingandunsubstantiatedclaimssuchas‘organicallygrown’and‘natural’”.Currently,22stateshavesomekindofcertificationprogramoratleastrequirementsforthirdpartycertification.Lookforthewords“certifiedorganicallygrown”orsimilarwording.Inmostcases,thatmeansthatnosyntheticpesticideshavebeenusedinthreeyearsandthatnosyntheticfertilizershavebeenusedintwoorthreeyears.Evenifyourstatedoesnothaveitsownprogram,youmayhaveseenorganicallygrownproduceinthemarketplace.Ifyouwanttoknowexactlywhatthatmeans,askthestore'smanagerortheproducebuyerabouthowthestore's“organic”producewasgrown.LegislationtoestablishanaturalstandardfororganicallygrownproduceismakingitswaythroughCongress.TheU．S.DepartmentofAgriculturewouldberesponsibleforthecertificationprogram.Thelegislationalsowouldestablishstandardsforprocessedfoodsclaimingorganicingredients.Butinthemeantime,ifyouwanttobecertainthattheproduceyoueatispesticidefree,youhavetwooptions.Youcanbuyyourfruitsandvegetablesfromsomeoneyouknoworyoucangrowyourown.Thepassageimpliesthat_____．A．thereisreallynoorganicallygrownproduceyetB．somefoodsarefalselylabeledC．somestatesareslowinmakinglawsconcernedD．eachstateshouldstopcertifyingcertainfoodsIfcertainkindoffoodislabeledas“certifiedorganically”,itshouldmeanthat_____．A．thefoodisgrownwithoutanychemicalsandisnaturalB．itiscertifiedinthestateinwhichitisgrownC．itiscertifiedbytheU．S．DepartmentofAgricultureD．nosyntheticpesticidesorfertilizershavebeenusedonthemoveracertainperiodoftimeTheauthoradvisesconsumersto_____.A．lookforfoodswithsuchwordsas“certifiedorganicallygrown”B．growtheirownfoodwithoutsyntheticchemicalsC．buyfoodsfromasellertheyoftendealwithD．makesurethefoodsarepesticidefreebeforebuyingthemLegislationtosetupastandardfororganicallygrownproduce_____．A．isbeingdebatedintheCongressB．hascomeintoeffectC．isinthechargeoftheU．S.DepartmentofAgricultureD．isdelayedduetodisagreementinCongressPassage5Angyaldescribedthecaseofamanwithadomineeringfatherwhoshowedextremeswingsofmoodinrelationtohisson.Attimes,hewasaffectionate,playedwiththechild,andtoldhiminterestingandimaginativestories.Atothertimesheshowedviolentoutburstsofrageandwouldbeathissonsobadlythatthechildthoughthewouldbekilled.Theboyhadnumerousfantasies,includingoneinwhichhisfatherwaskilledbyacunningbanditwhocametothehousecleverlydisguisedasthefather.AsAngyalputit,thefantasydramatizedthechild'sconfusionastowhetherhewaslivinginalovinghouseorinacruel,alienworldthatmerelymasqueradedaspleasant.Thefantasywasaimedatdispellinghisconfusionaboutthefather,whosebehaviourmadehimbothGodanddevil．Butthisdaydream,implyingthemurderandlossoftheunderlyinggoodfather,wasunacceptabletotheboyandfailedtosolvehisdoubts.Hebegantobehavecompulsively,suchasmakingsurewhenoutwalkingtosteponlyonstonesandnevertowalkonthebareearthamagicalhopeofresolvinghisconfusion.Onceashewalkedinthebackyardheranoutofstonestosteponandsuddenlystoodstuckstillonthelaststonebetweentheyardandhisrearsteps.Hestayedthereforanhouruntilfinallyhisfathercameandpickedhimup,freeinghimfromhisimmobility.Oncetheboyoverheardhisfathersaying“Iliveonlyforthefamily”onlytohearhisgrandfathersay:“No,youonlyliveforyourself!”Alloftheseseemingcontradictionsmadetheboygrowintoamanendlesslyshiftingbackandforthbetweenpositions,unabletotakeastandexceptonirrelevantandunimportantissuesindailylife.Angyalexplainedtheboy'sfantasyas_____．A．hiswishtokillhisfatherB．hiseagernesstobelovedC．resultingfromlackofloveD．hisconfusedfeelingtowardshisfatherTheexpression“masqueradedaspleasant”(thefifthsentenceinparagraph1)isclosestinmeaningto_____．A．wasdescribedasbeingpleasantB．wasmistakenasbeingpleasantC．a(chǎn)ppearedpleasantD．turnedouttobepleasantThestoryoftheboy'swalkingonthestonesshowsthat_____.A．hewishedtosolvehisproblemB．hewantedtogethisfatherkilledC．hewishedthathisfathercouldhelphimD．hewasemotionallytoleratedandhadgonecrazyWhatthegrandfathersaid_____.A．madeitclearthatthe