意大利政府情況分析報告-外文版培訓(xùn)課件2024.7temu

POLITICS

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SOCIETYCorruptioninItalyCHAPTER

01OverviewCorruptionperceptionindexscoreofcountriesintheEuropeanUnion2023CorruptionperceptionindexscoreofEUmemberstates2023100909080706050403020100827877737161605654535046423Description:In2023,DenmarkwastheEUcountrywiththehighestcorruptionperceptionindexscore,implyingthatitistheleastcorruptcountryintheEuropeanUnion.TheotherNordiccountriesintheEU,FinlandandSweden,alsohavehighscoresandaresecondandthirdinthisstatisticrespectively.BulgariaandHungaryhavethelowestindexscoreofallEUcountrieswithascoreof45and42respectively.Theindexitselfisacompositeindicatorthatincludesdataontheperceptionofcorruptionin[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;Asof2023Source(s):TransparencyInternationalCorruptionPerceptionsIndexinItalyfrom2012to2023CorruptionPerceptionsIndexinItaly2012-202360565656535352505040302010047444343422012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220234Description:TheCorruptionPerceptionsIndexisbasedonascalefromzeroto100,wherezeroequalsthehighestlevelofperceivedcorruption,and100thelowestlevelofperceivedcorruption.InItaly,figureshaveregularlyaugmentedfrom2012to2020,beforestabilizingat56pointsbetween2021and2023.Infact,twothirdsofItaliansbelievethatbriberyhasincreasedinthecountryoverthelastthreedecades.Moreover,around60percentofthecitizensstatedthattheircompatriotswouldbe[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2012to2023Source(s):TransparencyInternationalNumberofcrimesreportedbythepoliceforcestothejudicialauthorityinItalyin2022,byfelonyReportedfeloniesinItaly2022,bytypeNumberofcrimes0100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1,000,000

1,100,000TheftsSwindlesandcyberfraudsDamages963,032273,872266,523MenacesCulpableinjuriesCybercrime69,33561,95834,121TraffickinganddrugspossessionRobberies30,32625,64216,14213,82512,0577,897BlowsReceivingstolengoodsExtortionsDamagefollowedbyarsonArson7,0025/statistics/671153/crimes-reported-by-the-police-forces-to-the-judicial-authority-italyIn2022,theItalianpolicereportedaround2.26millionfeloniestothejudicialauthority.Themostcommoncrimewerethefts,constitutingabout20percentofthetotalreports.Cyberfraudsanddamagesfollowed,witharound270,000recordedcases.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;Asof2022Source(s):IstatNumberofmafia-typeorganizationsinItalyfrom2004to2022Numberofmafia-typeassociationsinItaly2004-202218016016014012010080153140138132131128128125117989393898581757268604020020042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120226Description:In2022,98mafia-typeorganizationswereofficiallyreportedinItaly.Between2004and2022,thehighestnumberofmafia-typeassociationswasrecordedin2005,with153,andin2019,with160.ThehighestconcentrationoforganizedcrimewasintheregionsofCampania,Calabria,Sicily,andApulia,inthesouthernpartofthepeninsula.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2004to2020Source(s):IstatCHAPTER

02CorruptionpreventionandwhistleblowingTop-10Italianprovincesunderthehighestriskofprocurementcorruptionin2023RiskoftendercorruptioninItaly,byprovinceCorruptionriskratio0.40.00.10.20.30.50.60.70.670.8CrotoneMatera0.63AscoliPicenoCaltanissettaGorizia0.60.570.57Prato0.5Rimini0.50.5RovigoUdine0.440.430.43TarantoOristano8Description:ElaboratedbytheNationalAnti-corruptionAuthority,thecorruptionriskindexintendersmeasuresthedangerofillegalanddishonestprocurementinlocalgovernment.Oneindicatesthegreatestcorruptionrisk,whilezerothelowestpossibilityofillegaltenderingprocesses.ThisdangerishighestintheprovinceofCrotone,followedbyMateraandAscoliPiceno.ThefirsttwomunicipalitiesarelocatedinthesouthernpartofItaly,wilethethirdinthecenter.Overall,fivecitiesinthetop-10[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;Asof2023Source(s):AutoritàNazionaleAnticorruzioneSurveillanceproceedingsontenderstransparencyandcorruptionpreventionenactedbytheNationalAnti-CorruptionAuthorityinItalyfrom2022to2023SurveillanceactivityoftheNationalAnti-corruptionAuthorityinItaly2022-2023SurveillanceontenderstransparencySurveillanceoncorruptionprevention500450400350300250200150100502121932342020202220239Description:In2023,theNationalAnti-CorruptionAuthority(ANAC)enacted395legalproceedingsformonitoringtransparencyintenderingprocessesandforthepreventionofcorruptionintheItalianpublicadministration.Hence,adecreasebyaroundtenpercentwasrecordedcomparedto2022whenalmost450actionswerepromoted.Inparticular,surveillanceontransparencysignificantlydeclinedby15percentcomparedtothepreviousyear,whilethevariationforsurveillanceoncorruption[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022to2023Source(s):AutoritàNazionaleAnticorruzioneNumberofwhistleblowingcomplaintsinItalyfrom2015to2023NumberofwhistleblowingcasesinItaly2015-20231,000873900800700600500400300200100078378662252936434718312520152016201720182019202020212022202310Description:Between2015and2023,thenumberofwhistleblowingcomplaintsregisteredinItalybyANACsignificantlyincreased.AcronymforNationalAnti-CorruptionAuthority,ANACcollectsreportsofirregularitiesandcorruptioncaseswithinthepublicadministration.ItwasestablishedbytheItaliangovernmentin2014.Asof2015,125caseswererecordednationwide.In2023,theAuthorityreceived786notificationsbywhistleblowers,recordingarecoveryafterthedropduringthepandemic[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2015to2023Source(s):AutoritàNazionaleAnticorruzioneDistributionofwhistleblowingcomplaintsmadeinItalyin2020,bytypeDistributionofwhistleblowingcasesinItaly2020,bytypeDistribution

ofcasesDiscriminatorymeasuresadoptedbytheadministrationortheauthorityCorruption,maladministrationandmisuseofpowerIllegaldirectawardofcontracts23.47%19.45%17.36%14.15%3.54%4.98%4.34%4.18%2.09%UnlawfulpubliccompetitionsIllegalassignmentornomination,alsowithviolationsoftheLegislativeDecree39/2013LackofimplementationofthepolicyagainstcorruptionMaladministrationofpublicresourcesanddamagetorevenueLackofimplementationofthepolicyagainstcorruption(transparency)Conflictofinterest11Description:In2020,discriminatorymeasuresadoptedbytheadministrationortheauthoritywerethemostcommonirregularitiesexposedbywhistleblowerswithintheItalianpublicadministration.Infact,ANAC,theNationalAnti-CorruptionAuthority,reportedthatsuchcomplaintsaccountedfor23.5percentofthetotal.Furthermore,corruption,maladministration,andmisuseofpoweraccountedfor19.5percentofwhistleblowingcases,thesecondmostdenouncedincorrectbehavior.In2023,786[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2020;622respondentsSource(s):AutoritàNazionaleAnticorruzioneCHAPTER

03CorruptioninbusinessandinpoliticsOpinionofItalianentrepreneursandtheself-employedoncorruptionintheirbusinesssectorbetween2022and2023,bytypeoffacilitationrequestedEntrepreneurs'opinionaboutbriberyintheirbusinessarea2022-2023,byfavorShareofentrepreneursorself-employedAlways0%Often10%Sometimes20%Never30%NoanswerDon'tknow50%

60%40%70%80%90%100%Import/exportauthorizations

.2%

7.8%Speeduplegalprocedures

.4%

8.6%22.7%25.4%38.7%1.6%28.1%36.6%1.7%26.4%Facilitatefiscalprocedures

.4%Licensesandpermits

2.7%14.8%39%33.7%1.6%

9.5%12.7%46.7%28.9%1.5%7.5%Obtainingtenderswiththepublicadministration

2.9%22.3%29.2%34.2%1.7%

9.7%13Description:Onaverage,between2022and2023,38.5percentofItalianentrepreneursbelievedthattheyhadtopayalwaysoroftensomeextramoneytoobtainspecificservicesintheirusualbusiness.Specifically,25percentofthem,around1.9millionbusinesspeople,statedthatitisverycommontobribeapublicofficertoobtaintenderswiththestateadministration.Inparticular,75percentofentrepreneursactiveinthemanufacturingsectoraffirmedthattheywerelikelytopayregularly[...]ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;November2022toJuly2023;24,915respondents;18-80yearsSource(s):IstatShareofItalianentrepreneursandtheself-employedwhobelievedtheymustalwaysoroftenpaybribesbetween2022and2023,bybusinesssectorEntrepreneurs'opinionaboutcorruptionfrequency2022-2023,bybusinesssectorShareofentrepreneursortheself-employed0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%Industry,manufacturingAgriculture,hunting,fishingConstructions71.5%45.9%42.2%Research*37.9%Extraction,energy35%33.1%32.7%Publicadministration,defenceTransport,communicationHotels,restaurants26.6%24.9%23.7%23.1%21.1%EducationRealestatemarket,rent,ITWholesales,retailtradeHealthcare,socialservicesFinancialbrockeringOthersectors5.3%34.2%14Description:AmongItalianentrepreneurs,morethan70percentofthoseactiveintheindustryandmanufacturingsectordeclaredthattheywereforcedtopaybribestoobtainsomefacilitation.Theseincludedtradelicenses,tenderswiththepublicadministration,import/exportauthorizations,ortheaccelerationoflegalandfiscalprocedures.Moreover,corruptionishighlyperceivedinagricultureandintheconstructionsector,asaround45percentofbusinesspeopledeclaredthattheyare[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;November2022toJuly2023;24,915respondents;18-80yearsSource(s):IstatShareofpeoplewhosaytheirpoliticalsystemhasbeencapturedbyacorruptelitein2019,bycountryShareofpeoplewhosaytheirgovernmentisrunbyacorruptelitebycountry2019Shareofrespondents40%

50%0%10%20%30%60%70%80%90%100%TotalColombiaPeru58%86%82%SouthAfricaChile79%73%71%70%69%67%66%66%64%64%ArgentinaRussiaMexicoSouthKoreaHungarySpainBrazilItaly15Description:AccordingtoasurveypublishedbyIPSOSin2019,58percentofrespondentsworldwidebelievedthattheirpoliticalsystemhasbeencapturedbyanelitethatiscorrupt,obsolete,andunreformable.86percentofrespondentsfromColombiabelievedthattheirgovernmentisrunbyacorruptelite,comparedto29percentofrespondentsfromtheNetherlandswhosaidthesame.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;August23toSeptember6,2019;19,027respondents;16-74yearsSource(s):HalifaxInternationalSecurityForum;IpsosAmongthefollowingcases,whichonedoyouthinkisthemostseriousformofpoliticalcorruption?Italians'opinionsonpoliticalcorruption2024Forparties,receivingfundingfromforeigncountries9%Obtainingundeservedmanagingandotherrelevantrolesincompanies9%Agreementsbetweenpoliticiansandmafia47%Buyingandsellingofvotes11%Paymentsofbribesforobtainingfavors,tenders,advantages24%16Description:ForalmosthalfoftheItalians,theworstformofpoliticalcorruptionismakingagreementswithmafiaassociations.Infact,atthebeginningofthe1990s,severalpoliticianswerereportedtocloselynegotiatingwithCosaNostramembers,withthepurposeofgrantingfavorstothecriminalsinexchangeforendingterroristattacksagainstthestateandthejudiciary.Additionally,24percentoftherespondentsconsiderthemostunacceptablecaseofcorruptionthepaymentofbribesfor[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;April10thto12th,2024;800respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):SWGCHAPTER

04MoneylaunderingTop-10Italianprovincesformoneylaunderingratein2022(casesper100,000inhabitants)MoneylaunderingrateinItaly2022,byprovinceNumberofcasesper100,000inhabitants012345678910FoggiaIsernia8.596.27Naples5.62Latina5.35.02TrevisoBarletta-Andria-TraniSondrio4.494.484.41RavennaVarese3.993.81Catanzaro18Description:TheprovinceofFoggiarankedfirstformoneylaunderinginItaly,with8.59casesper100,000inhabitants.Iserniafollowed,with6.27reportsover100,000residents.Amongthetop-10provincesformoneylaundering,Foggia,Isernia,Naples,Barletta-Andria-Trani,andCatanzaroarelocatedinthesouth,whereasTreviso,Sondrio,Ravenna,andVaresebelongtothenorthernregionsofthecountry.Onlyoneprovince,Latina,isincentralItaly.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;Asof2022Source(s):IlSole24OreReportsofsuspectedmoneylaunderingfeloniesinItalyfrom2012to2023SuspectedmoneylaunderingcrimesinItaly2012-2023180,000155,068160,000140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,0000150,107138,936112,651104,93394,79286,71279,33776,29371,66166,85564,41520122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202319Description:Between2012and2023,thenumberofreportsofsuspectedmoneylaunderingsteadilyincreased.In2012,thecasesamountedtonearly66,900,whereasin2023,thenumberofsuspectedfinancialoperationsaddeduptoover150,000,withanincreaseof125percent.Thesefiguresareconsistentwiththeperceivedcorruptionlevelinthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2012to2023Source(s):Bancad'ItaliaReportsofsuspectedmoneylaundering,terrorismandweaponproliferationfinancinginItalyin2023,byreportinggroupSuspectedmoneylaunderingoperationsinItaly2023,byreporter90,00082,37480,00070,00060,00050,00043,75140,00030,00020,00010,000024,293BanksandpostofficesOtherintermediariesandfinancialoperatorsNon-financesubjects20Description:In2023,thenumberofsuspectedfinancialoperationsinItalyamountedto150,418.Thelargestnumberofcaseswerereportedbybanksandpostoffices.Inparticular,thereportswererelatedtosuspectedmoneylaundering,includingvoluntarydisclosure,andfinancingofterrorismandofmassdestructionweaponsproliferationprograms.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;Asof2023Source(s):Bancad'ItaliaCHAPTER

05ItaliansandcorruptionTrustofItaliancitizensforinstitutionsin2022Italians'confidenceininstitutions2022Shareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%LawenforcementcorpsPopePresidentoftheRepublicSchool70%68%68%56%MunicipaladministrationEuropeanUnionNATORegionaladministrationCatholicChurch48%45%44%42%41%39%JudiciaryState36%35%33%EntrepreneursassociationsNon-governmentalorganizations22Description:Attheendof2022,Italianswereverymuchconfidentinpoliceforces,with70percentoftherespondentssharingapositivetrustforthePolice,Carabinieri,andFinancialPolice.Similarly,citizensshowedaveryhighesteemforPopeFrancisandthePresidentoftheRepublic,SergioMattarella,bothappreciatedby68percentofinterviewees.Nevertheless,thesamedegreeoftrustwasnotdeclaredfortheinstitutionstheylead,astheCatholicChurchwasapprovedbyonly48percentandthe[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;November22ndto30th,2022;1,305respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):DemosLevelofpublictrustintheStatePoliceinItalyfrom2013to2024PublictrustinStatePoliceinItaly2013-202480%75%73%71.5%69%69.2%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%66.7%63.5%63%61.8%61%60.3%52.8%20132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202423Description:In2024,63.5percentofItalianrespondentsdeclaredtotrusttheStatePolice.TheconfidenceintheStatePolicehasremainedrelativelyhighoverthelasttenyears,withapeakin2013.In2023,thelowestfigurewasrecorded.Still,morethanhalfoftheItalianstrustthePolice.TheStatePolice,theArmadeiCarabinieri,andtheGuardiadiFinanzaconstitutethemainlawenforcementcorpsinItaly,towardswhichcitizensshareastrongdegreeoftrust.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2013to2024;2,009respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):EURISPESRateoftrustinnon-governmentalorganizationsinItalyfrom2013to2024NGOstrustindexinItaly2013-202470%59%58%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%54%54%53%52%51%49%49%48%46%44%20132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202424Description:AbouthalfofrespondentsinItalytrustnon-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)asof2024.Thefigureincreasedbythreepercentagepointscomparedtothepreviousyear.However,resultsindicatethatItaliansocietyhasaneutralattitudetowardsNGOsandtheinstitutionsactiveinthenon-profitsector.Onaverage,59percentofrespondentsexpresstrustintheworkofNGOsglobally.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;November3rdto22nd,2023;1,150respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):EdelmanOpinionofItaliancitizensaboutcorruptionbetween2022and2023Italians'viewaboutcorruption2022-2023Shareofrespondentswhoagree0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%92.4%CorruptionisadamageforsocietyEveryonemustreportcorruption90.7%CorruptionincreasesthecostscitizenshavetopayforservicesReportingcorruptionepisodesisdangerousCorruptionconcernsbigcompaniesandpoliticiansonlyCorruptionisnaturalandunavoidable77.1%63.4%31.8%29.4%Reportingcorruptionepisodesisuseless23.1%25Description:Morethan90percentofItaliansbelievedthatcitizensmustdotheirpartinfightingcorruptionbyreportingbriberyepisodestothejudicialauthorities,andtheyaffirmedthatcorruptionisaseriousriskforthewholesociety.Moreover,almost80percentoftherespondentsstatedthatthemorebriberyiswidespreadinthesociety,themoredifficultitbecomestoaccessgoodqualitypublicservices.Onthecontrary,only20percentdeclaredthatreportingcorruptionisworthless.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;November2022toJuly2023;24,915respondents;18-80yearsSource(s):IstatOverthepast30years,doyouthinkcorruptioninItalyhasincreasedordecreased?Italians'opinionsonperceivedcorruption2024Don'tknow14%Substantiallydecreased2%Substantiallyincreased36%Decreasedbysome18%Increasedbysome30%26Description:CorruptionisanalarmingproblemwidespreadintheItaliansociety.Infact,twothirdsoftheintervieweesstatedthatithasaugmentedoverthelast30years,whileforonly20percentofItalians,briberyhasdiminished.ThesefindingsoverlapwiththepatternoftheCorruptionPerceptionsIndex,whichhasbeenrecordinganincreasingtrendsince2012.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;April10thto15th,2024;1,200respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):SWGIftheyhadthepossibilitytogetrich,wouldItalianstakeabribeorbribesomeoneelse?Opinionsonwheth