London By William Blake 作品賞析課件

LondonByWilliamBlake作品賞析課件LifeandLiteraryCareer(1757-1827)Engraver,painter,printerandpoetAtage4,hadavisionofGod,latersawatreefullofangelsWenttoadrawingschoolat10,thusbeganhiscareerasanartistStartedwritingpoetryinhisteens(12)Amanofsharpperception,originalthinking,exceptionalboldness,contemptforreason,deepconcernwiththeRevolution2WorksBlake’spoetrylargelydividedinto2groups:lyricalpoems:“PoeticalSketches”(poetryofages12-20),“SongsofInnocence”,“SongsofExperience”propheticpoems:“VisionsoftheDaughtersofAlbion”,“America”,“TheFrenchRevolution”,“Jerusalem”,“TheBookofLos”,“TheBookofUrizen”,“TheMarriageofHeavenandHell”3SongsofInnocence(1789)《天真之歌》Purpose:“AndImadearuralpen,/AndIstainedthewaterclear,/AndIwrotemyhappysongs,/Everychildmayjoytohear.”(“Introduction”)Designedtopublishforchildren,insimplelanguageachildcanunderstand,depictingachild’sdelightintheharmonyofnatureandpeople(withillustrationsofhisown)Strange,simplebeautybothinthemesandinlanguageandinverseformandrhythm4Somesongsfrom“Innocence”:“TheEchoingGreen”,“TheLamb”,“TheLittleBlackBoy”,“TheLittleBoyLost”,“TheLittleBoyFound”,“Nurse’sSong”,“TheChimneySweeper”,“InfantJoy”---descriptionofthehappyconditionofachildbeforeheknowsthepainsofexistence,optimistic,hopeful,openandresilientinfaceofwrongs5SongsofExperience(1794)《經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌》Presentingaworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholy,sometimesbittertoneExperiencebringingafullersenseofevil,joyreplacedbybitternessAmixtureofthesimpleandthechildlikewiththeseriousandthethoughtfulinvoice6Somesongsfrom“Experience”“London”,“TheChimneySweeper”,“ALittleBoyLost”,“ALittleGirlLost”,“InfantSorrow”,“APoisonTree”,“TheSickRose”,“Nurse’sSong”Changeofvoiceintobitternessandanger,moreconcernaboutsocialillsandhumanweakness,expositionoftyrannyinreligionandpatriarchy7SongsofInnocenceandExperienceDepicting“twocontrarystatesofthehumansoul”:thepresentationoftheworldiscolored/prejudicedbythestateofmindofthespeakerPoemsintwocollectionswellpairedoff:“TheLamb”/“TheTiger”,“TheDivineImage”/“TheHumanAbstract”,“TheChimneySweeper”/“TheChimneySweeper”,“TheNurse’sSongs”8大家有疑問(wèn)的，可以詢問(wèn)和交流可以互相討論下，但要小聲點(diǎn)9SignificanceAprecursorofRomanticisminEnglishpoetryAninnovativepoetandthinker(mystic)Strongoppositiontorationalismandtyrannyofallforms,emphasisonintuitionandimaginationAnundauntedrevolutionary10LondonWilliamBlake11Whatdoyouknowaboutthepoemfromthetitle?12ItisapoemaboutLondon,thecityandpeopleinLondon.13Whatisthelocationofthepoem,countrysideorcity?14Thespeakerisnotthepiping,pastoralbardoftheearlierpoem:heisinthecity.Thepoem’stitledenotesaspecificgeographicspace,notthearchetypallocalesinwhichmanyoftheotherSongsareset.15ThefirstquatrainIwanderedthrougheachcharteredstreet,NearwherethecharteredThamesdoesflow,AndmarkineveryfaceImeetMarksofweakness,marksofwoe,16Whatisthespeakerdoing?17ThespeakerwandersthroughthestreetsofLondonandcommentsonhisobservations.18Whatisthemeaningof“chartered”?19charter:n.awrittenstatementdescribingtherightsthataparticulargroupofpeopleshouldhave.(憲章)Charter:v.tostateofficiallythataneworganization,townoruniversityhasbeenestablishedandhasspecialrightsandprivileges.(特許設(shè)立)20WeknowthattherearecharteredcompaniesatthetimewhenBlakewrotethispoem.ButwhywastheriverThameschartered?21Everythinginthisurbanspace---eventhenaturalRiverThames---submitstobeing“chartered”,atermwhichcombinesmappingandlegalism.Blake’srepetitionofthiswordreinforcesthesenseofrestrictionthespeakerfeelsuponenteringthecity.22Besidestheword“chartered”,canyoufindotherrepetitionsinthepoem?Howdoyouunderstandthem?23Itisasiflanguageitself,thepoet’smedium,experiencesahemming-in,arestrictionofresources.Blake’srepetition,thuddingandoppressive,reflectsthesuffocatingatmosphereofthecity.24Butwordsalsoundergotransformationwithinthisrepetition:thus“mark”,betweenthethirdandfourthlines,changesfromaverbtoapairofnouns---fromanactofobservationwhichleavessomeroomforimaginativeelaboration,toanindelibleimprint,brandingthepeople’sbodiesregardlessofthespeaker’sactions.25Repetitionisthemoststrikingformalfeatureofthepoem,anditservestoemphasizetheprevalenceofthehorrorsthespeakerdescribes.26ThesecondquatrainIneverycryofeveryMan,Ineveryinfant’scryoffear,Ineveryvoice,ineveryban,Themind-forgedmanaclesIhear.27ban:cursemind-forgedmanacles:restraintsforgedforthemind28ThethirdquatrainHowthechimneysweeper’scryEveryblackeningChurchappalls;AndthehaplessSoldier’ssighRunsinblooddownpalacewalls.29blackening:thewallofthechurchwasblackenedbythesmoke.hapless:unlucky30TheChimneySweeperAlittleblackthingamongthesnow,

Crying"'weep!'weep!"innotesofwoe!

"Wherearethyfatherandmother,say?"

"Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.

"BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,

Andsmiledamongthewinter'ssnow,

Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,

Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.

"AndbecauseIamhappyanddanceandsing,

Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury,

AndaregonetopraiseGodandhisPriestandKing,

Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery."31Howdoesthespeakerpresent/describeLondon?32HepresentsLondonthroughhisobservation:sightandhearing.33WhatisthespeakerseeingandhearinginLondon?34Heseesdespairinthefacesofthepeoplehemeetsandhearsfearandrepressionintheirvoices.ThewoefulcryofthechimneysweeperstandasacriticismtotheChurch,andthebloodofasoldierstainstheouterwallsofthemonarch’sresidence.Thenighttimeholdsnothingmorepromising:thecursingofprostitutecorruptsthenewborninfantandsulliesthe“marriagehearse”.35WhoarethepeopleofLondonthatBlakedescribes?36Men,infants,chimney-sweeper,soldier,harlot.37Dotheyhaveanythingincommon?38Theyaresufferingfromamiserablelife.39Howaretheydescribed?40Ironically,thespeaker’s“meeting”withthesemarksrepresentstheexperienceclosesttoahumanencounterthatthepoemwillofferthespeaker.Allthespeaker’ssubjectsareknownonlythroughthetracestheyleavebehind:theubiquitouscries,thebloodonthepalacewalls.Signsofhumansufferingabound,butacompletehumanformislacking.41Inthethirdstanzathecryofthechimney-sweeperandthesighofthesoldiermetamorphoseintosootonchurchwallsandbloodonpalacewalls---butweneverseethechimney-sweeperorthesoldierthemselves.42Likewise,institutionsofpower---theclergy,thegovernment---arerenderedbysynecdoche,bymentionoftheplacesinwhichtheyreside.43Synecdoche:提喻法，以局部代整體或以整體代局部、以特殊代表一般會(huì)以一般代表特殊。如：handsstandsforpersons,aSolomonstandsforawiseman44Indeed,itiscrucialtoBlake’scommentarythatneitherthecity’svictimsnottheiroppressorseverappearinbody:Blakedoesnotsimplyblameasetofinstitutionorasystemofenslavementforthecity’swoes;rather,thevictimshelptomaketheirown“mind-forgedmanacle,”morepowerfulthanmaterialchainscouldeverbe.45TheforthquatrainButmostthroughmidnightstreetsIhearHowtheyouthfulHarlot’scurseBlaststhenewbornInfant’stear,