人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊復習學案 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT

選擇性必修第一冊UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT基礎默寫Ⅰ.核心單詞——寫其形1.vitaladj.必不可少的；充滿生機的2.boilvt.&vi.（使）沸騰；燒開；煮開n.沸騰；沸點3.obtainvt.（尤指經(jīng)努力）獲得vi.（規(guī)章、習俗等）存在；流行4.defeatn.失??；挫敗vt.擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝5.mostlyadv.主要地；一般地6.circumstancen.條件；環(huán)境；狀況7.foundvt.創(chuàng)建；建立；把……建立在8.theoryn.理論；學說9.extraordinaryadj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的10.encountervt.偶然碰到；遇到n.邂逅；遭遇11.professorn.教授12.remarkableadj.非凡的；顯著的13.sumvi.總結；概括n.金額；款項；總數(shù)；總和Ⅱ.拓展單詞——通其變1.crucialadj.至關重要的；關鍵性的→cruciallyadv.關鍵地；至關重要地2.commitvt.承諾；保證vi.全心全意投入（工作、活動等）→committedadj.盡心盡力的；堅定的→commitmentn.承諾；保證；投入3.academyn.研究院；學會；?？圃盒！鷄cademicadj.學業(yè)的；學術的4.evaluatevt.評價；評估→evaluationn.評估；評價5.distinctadj.清晰的；有區(qū)別的→distinctionn.區(qū)別；特點6.acknowledgevt.承認；（公開）感謝→acknowledgementn.承認；感謝7.analysevt.分析→analysisn.分析；分析結果8.apparentadj.明顯的；顯而易見的→apparentlyadv.顯而易見；看來；顯然9.sciencen.科學→scientificadj.科學（上）的；關于科學的→scientistn.科學家10.concludevt.推斷出vt.&vi.結束；終止→conclusionn.結論；推論11.noveln.（長篇）小說→novelistn.小說家12.relativeadj.相對的n.親屬→relativelyadv.相對地→relativityn.相對論；相對性13.gentleadj.溫柔的；文靜的→gentlyadv.輕柔地；溫柔地14.gradualadj.逐漸的；逐步的→graduallyadv.逐漸地；逐步地15.consequencen.結果；后果→consequentadj.隨之發(fā)生的→consequentlyadv.因此，所以Ⅲ.閱讀單詞——曉其意1.physiologyn.生理學；生理機能2.objectiven.目標；目的adj.客觀的3.botanicaladj.植物學的4.propertyn.性質(zhì)；特性；財產(chǎn)5.liquidn.液體adj.液體的；液態(tài)的6.infervt.推斷；推定7.politiciann.從政者；政治家；政客8.numerousadj.眾多的；許多的9.geniusn.天才；天資；天賦10.patentn.專利；專利證書adj.受專利保護的；有專利的11.passionn.酷愛；激情12.institutionn.社會公共機構；制度；習俗13.instituten.機構；機構建筑14.devicen.方法；裝置；儀器15.draftn.草稿；草案vt.起草；草擬Ⅳ.核心短語——明搭配1.commitoneselfto（doing）sth.承諾；保證（做某事、遵守協(xié)議或遵從安排等）2.insiston堅決要求3.cometopower（開始）掌權；上臺4.takeupaposition擔任；任職5.sumup總結；概括6.flowchart流程圖Ⅴ.經(jīng)典句式——會運用1.Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflives，andhasledtoimprovedhealthformillionsofpeople.（過去分詞作前置定語）青蒿素拯救了成千上萬人的生命，并改善了數(shù)百萬人的健康狀況。2.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize，shesaid，"Thehonourisnotjustmine.Thereisateambehindme，andallthepeopleofmycountry..."（upon＋doing/n.）當聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎時，她說："這份榮譽不僅僅屬于我。我的身后有一個團隊以及全國人民……"3.Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld，themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE＝mc2.（獨立主格結構）他對世界作出了無數(shù)的貢獻，最為出名的當數(shù)廣義相對論和著名的方程式E＝mc2。4.ItisindeedanhonourforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.（it作形式主語）中國的科學研究和中醫(yī)藥能夠在全世界傳播確實是一種榮譽。5.Whileworkingthere，outofastrongpassionforknowledge，hecontinuedtostudy，earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.（whiledoing...）在那里工作期間，出于強烈的求知欲，他繼續(xù)學習，于1905年獲得物理學博士學位。語境自測Ⅰ.單詞拼寫（用本單元詞匯）1.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances（狀況）.2.Founded（創(chuàng)建）in1996，MuseumofLatinAmericanArtistheonlyartmuseumintheUnitedStatesdevotedtomodernandcontemporaryLatinAmericanart.3.Thispopularpsychologycoursehighlightsthedifferenttheories（理論）ofcreativity.4.Itmeanswehavethechancetoobtain（獲得）informationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.5.Professors（教授），forthemostpart，arefirmlycommittedtoteaching，notresearch.6.ThedelicateChangxinPalaceLampdisplayedthewisdomofancientChinesecraftsmen，aswellasChina’sremarkableachievementsinscienceandtechnology2，000yearsago.7.Understandinghistoryisvitaltounderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.8.IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin，buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.9.Theroarofapplausefromtheaudienceindicatedthattheperformancewasextraordinary.10.Weencounteredeverykindofdifficultywhenwefirstdevotedourselvestoscientificresearch.Ⅱ.用所給單詞的適當形式填空1.Mymotherisagentlewoman.EverytimeIamdown，shepatsmybackgently，comfortingme.（gentle）2.ZhangGuimei，acommittededucator，commitsherselftoeducation.Hercommitmentispraisedbypeople.（commit）3.Losingweightisaslowandgradualprocess.Keepexercisingandyouwillgraduallyachieveyourobjective.（gradual）4.ThemagazineacknowledgedJosephasthebestwriteroftheyearandhewasawardedabigprizeinacknowledgementofhiscontribution.（acknowledge）5.Asachild，heshowedgreatinterestinscienceandwantedtobeascientist.Nowhisdreamhascometrueandhehasmadegreatachievementsinscientificresearch.（science）6.Theyconcludedfromthedatathatthenewviruswasmoredangerous.Scientistsfromothercountriesalsoagreedwiththisconclusion.（conclude）7.Asaconsequenceofglobalwarming，thesealevelisrisingandmanyspeciesaredyingout.Topreventtheconsequentdamagetotheearth，peopleshouldtakeactionquickly.（consequence）8.I’mreadingthenovelBrothersthesedays，writtenbythefamousnovelist，YuHua.（novel）Ⅲ.用方框內(nèi)短語的適當形式完成句子commitoneselfto insiston sumuptakeupaposition cometopower1.Tosumup，nomatterwhatkindofchallengesIencounter，Iwillbravelyembracethefuture.2.Sincehecametopowerin2000，linksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebeentightened.3.Weinsistedonarefundofthefullamountforthebreakdownofthemachine，butthesellerrefused.4.PearlS.BuckcommittedherselftobringingChineseculturetotheWesternworldandwashonouredasthehumanbridgethatconnectstheChineseandWesterncultures.5.Helefthiscareerinteachingandtookupapositioninthelocalgovernment.Ⅳ.句式仿寫1.路被一棵倒下的樹堵住了，所以我們只好折回。（過去分詞作前置定語）Theroadwasblockedbyafallentree，sowehadtoturnback.2.一聽說要舉辦一場國畫展覽，我很高興。（upon＋doing/n.）UponhearingthatatraditionalChinesepaintingexhibitionwillbeheld，Iamveryglad.3.很榮幸能代表我們班在會上發(fā)言。（it作形式主語）Itisanhonortospeakatthemeetingonbehalfofourclass.4.如果時間允許，我將帶你去另一個旅游景點逛逛。（獨立主格結構）Iwillshowyouaroundanothertouristattraction，timepermitting.5.在讀大學期間，他在學校圖書館做兼職。（whiledoing...）Whilestudyinginuniversity，hedidpart-timeworkintheschoollibrary.YuanLongpingiswidelyacknowledgedasChina’s"fatherofhybridrice".Upongraduation，Yuantookupapositionasateacherinacollege.Heinsistedonstudyingagriculturewhileteaching.In1960，ProfessorYuanunexpectedlyfoundan"outstanding"riceplantwithexcellentproperties.Hecarefullyanalyseditandcametotheconclusionthatthisextraordinaryricewasanaturalhybridrice.Thiscrucialfindingfueledhisenthusiasmforthestudyofhybridrice.Despiteencounteringnumerousdifficulties，hecontinuedhisscientificresearchunderhardcircumstanceswithgreatpassion.Asaconsequence，Yuanandhisteamobtainedremarkablesuccess，significantlyimprovingChina’sriceoutput.Tosumup，Yuancommittedallhislifetodefeatinghunger.Yuanpassedawayin2021，aged91，andthewholenationmournedhisdeath.HewillbeforeverrememberedbyChinesepeopleandthemit（committed；committed；committing）vt.做出（錯或非法的事）；犯（罪或錯等）；花（錢或時間）；承諾；保證vi.忠于（某個人、機構等）；全心全意投入（工作、活動等）1.[人教選必①－5]Heisaverygoodactorandhecommitshimselftoeveryrolethathetakeson.2.[外研選必③－3]Drivenbyasenseofcommitment（commit），agreatmanyjoinedthearmytoresisttheJapaneseinvadersanddefendthehonourofthenation.3.Thoughjournalistsarecommittedtopresenting（present）thetruth，itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelyonthenewsreports.4.MrLiisacommitted（commit）teacher，whoisverypopularamongstudents.此處committed作形容詞，表示"盡心盡力的，堅定的"，可用于寫作中對人物品質(zhì)的描述。5.ZhongNanshancommitshimselftomedicalresearch，andwasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic. （人物介紹）→①Committinghimselftomedicalresearch，ZhongNanshanwasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語）→②ZhongNanshan，committedtomedicalresearch，wasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic.（過去分詞短語作定語）6.直到那時我才意識到我犯了個巨大的錯誤，窘得滿臉通紅。 （讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫）OnlythendidIrealisethatIhadcommittedabigmistake.Myfaceglowedwithembarrassment.（"only＋狀語"位于句首的倒裝）★commitoneselfto（doing）sth.承諾/保證（做某事、遵守協(xié)議或遵從安排等）commit...to...投入……于……commitsth.犯（錯）等★commitmentn.承諾；投入；奉獻makeacommitmenttodosth.保證/承諾做某事★committedadj.盡心盡力的，堅定的becommittedto（doing）sth.致力于（做）某事2acknowledgevt.承認（屬實、權威等）；（公開）感謝1.TraditionalChinesemedicineiswidelyacknowledgedtobe（be）effectiveinthefightagainsttheseveredisease.2.Iwassentafreecopyinacknowledgement（acknowledge）ofmycontribution.3.Igreatlythankyouforthehelpyouhavegivenme.→Igreatlyacknowledgethehelpyouhavegivenme.（詞語升級）表示"感謝，感激"的詞或短語，除了thanksb.forsth.外，還有acknowledge/appreciatesth.和begratefultosb.forsth.。4.普遍認為，讀好書可以豐富我們的思想，教我們明辨是非。It’suniversally/widelyacknowledgedthatreadinggoodbookscanenrichourmindsandteachustodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong."明辨是非"的其他表達：tell/distinguishrightfromwrong，tellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong★acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.承認做過某事acknowledge...as/tobe...認為……是……It’suniversally/widelyacknowledgedthat...普遍認為……★acknowledgementn.承認inacknowledgementof...以回答……；以感謝……3insistvt.&vi.堅持；堅決要求1.[人教選必②－3]Forexample，scientistshaveinsistedforyearsthatabigenemyofhealthis（be）fattyfood.2.[北師必修③－9]IkepttellinghimthatIknewthewaymyself，butheinsistedontaking（take）methere.3.媽媽堅持認為我不該放棄，而應該全力以赴。→①MymotherinsistedthatIshouldnotgiveup，buttrymybest.（insistthat）→②Mymotherinsistedonmytryingmybestinsteadofgivingup.（insiston，insteadof）★insiston/upon（sb./sb.’s）doingsth.堅決要求（某人）做某事★insistthat...①表示"堅持/堅決要求……"時，從句用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用"（should＋）動詞原形"。②表示"堅持說/堅持認為……"時，從句用陳述語氣。4conclusionn.結論；推論；最后1.WhenChrisbroughthisspeechtoaniceconclusion（conclude），Whaley，histeacher，invitedtherestoftheclasstoapplaudhim.2.Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.3.SoIcometo/arriveat/reach/drawaconclusion（得出結論）thatifyouwantagreatcareer，youneedtocommityourselftosomethingmeaningful.（conclusion）4.總之，急需共同努力來搶救我們的傳統(tǒng)文化瑰寶。 （傳統(tǒng)文化）Inconclusion，jointeffortsareurgentlyneededtorescueourtraditionalculturaltreasures.conclusion/conclude常出現(xiàn)在科研類或科普類說明文中，用于總結研究發(fā)現(xiàn)或觀點。如：☆[2022北京]Crystalknewthatvisionsalonedon’tproduceresults，butconcludedthat"we’llneverproduceresultsthatwecan’tenvision".☆[2020北京]Inconclusion，positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone’slife.★inconclusion最后；總而言之cometo/arriveat/reach/drawaconclusion得出結論jumptoconclusions匆忙下結論bring...toaconclusion使……結束★concludevt.推斷出vt.&vi.結束，終止concludesth.（fromsth.）（從……中）推斷出/斷定……5circumstancen.（usuallypl.）條件；環(huán)境；狀況1.[北師選必②－5]Sometimesweneedtobeflexibleandadapttochangingcircumstances（circumstance）.2.Ifcircumstancespermit/allow（如果情況允許的話），theworkwillbeginonMonday.3.在任何情況下，我們都不能在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上將我們的個人信息泄露給陌生人。 （建議信）Under/InnocircumstancesshouldwegiveawayourpersonalinformationtostrangersontheInternet.（倒裝結構）表示"絕不"的其他短語：innoway；onnoaccount；bynomeans。這些短語置于句首時，句子都需要用部分倒裝結構。★under/inthecircumstances在這種情況下，既然如此under/innocircumstances在任何情況下決不，無論如何不（放在句首時句子要用部分倒裝結構）★ifcircumstancespermit/allow如果情況允許的話6consequencen.結果；后果1.Ididn’tkeepmypromise.Inconsequence，hegotveryangryatme.2.Johnwascommittedtohisstudy.Consequently（consequent），hegainedadmissiontoZhejiangUniversity.3.在過去的幾年里，大量垃圾被傾倒進海洋中。因此，許多海洋物種正面臨滅絕的威脅。（倡議）Thepastyearshavewitnessedlargeamountsofwastedumpedintotheoceans.Asaconsequence/Inconsequence，manymarinespeciesareunderthreatofextinction.（consequence）★asaconsequence/inconsequence（＝asaresult）結果asaconsequenceof/inconsequenceof（＝asaresultof）由于★consequentadj.隨之發(fā)生的consequentlyadv.因此；結果7takeupaposition擔任；任職1.結合語境寫出下列句子中畫線部分的含義①[外研必修①－1]After-schoolactivitiesalsoplayapartwhenstudentsapplytocollege.However，theycantakeupalotoftime，sostudentshavetolearntoorganisetheirbusyschedules.占用②MrSmithlastyeartookupapositionasadesignerinthenewcompany. 開始從事③LangPingbecameastarinChinabecauseofhersuccess，herpositiveattitudeandherabilitytotakeupchallenges. 接受2.Takedowntheimportantpointsinclasssothatyoucangooverthemafterclass.3.I’mgoingtotakeaweekoff（休一周假）andBriggswilltakeoverthebusiness（接管業(yè)務）whenI’maway.★takeup拿起；占用；開始從事；接受takeoff脫下；起飛；事業(yè)騰飛；休假takein吸收；理解；收留；欺騙takeover接管；接任takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔takedown寫下，記下；拆除takeapart拆開，拆卸8sumup總結，概括1.[北師選必①－3]Tosum（sum）up，despiteproducingcheapfood，factoryfarmingisbadfortheplanetandfortheanimalsthemselves.表示"總之，總而言之"的歸納總結性短語除了tosumup和insum外還有inconclusion，inshort，inbrief，insummary，allinall等。2.這個年輕人冒著生命危險從火海中救人。他因勇敢而得到一大筆金錢獎勵。Theyoungmanriskedhisownlifetosavepeoplefromthefire.Hewasrewardedwithalargesumofmoneyforhisbravery.3.總之，他對教育的奉獻為他贏得了當?shù)厝说淖鹬亍?（人物介紹）Insum，hiscommitmenttoeducationearnshimthelocalpeople’srespect.★tosumup總之a(chǎn)largesumofmoney一大筆錢insum總而言之9upon/on＋doing/n.一……就……1.[外研必修③－2]Onleaving（leave）school，WintonworkedinbanksinGermanyandFrance.2.Uponherretirement（retire）fromtheuniversity，theprofessortookupapositionincharity.3.一到海灘，我們就開始清理沖到岸邊的垃圾。 （環(huán)境保護）→①Uponarrival/arrivingatthebeach，westartedtocleanupthelitterwashedashore.（upon＋n./doing）→②Themomentwearrivedatthebeach，westartedtocleanupthelitterwashedashore.（themoment）→③Immediatelywearrivedatthebeach，westartedtocleanupthelitterwashedashore.（immediately）★表示"一……就……"的其他表達：assoonas＋從句themoment/minute/instant＋從句immediately/directly/instantly＋從句10it作形式主語1.[人教選必①－2]Itispossiblethatthistechnologicalfantasywillcometrueinthedistantfuture.2.ItsuddenlyoccurredtomethatIcouldaskmyteachertogoovermycomposition.3.很榮幸能與大家分享我對在線學習的看法。 （發(fā)言稿）It’sagreathonourtosharemyopinionononlinelearningwithyou.4.人們普遍認為吃綠色蔬菜有助于增強體質(zhì)。 （健康飲食）It’swidelyacknowledgedthateatinggreenvegetablescontributestobuildingupstrength.5.很遺憾我不能和你一起去北京。 （道歉信）It’ssuchapitythatIcouldn’tgotoBeijingwithyou.★it作形式主語的常用句式：·Itbe＋adj./n.＋（forsb.）todosth.·Itbe＋過去分詞（said，reported...）＋that從句·Itbe＋形容詞（vital，obvious，possible...）＋that從句·Itbe＋名詞短語（apity，nowonder...）＋that從句·It＋不及物動詞（occur，happen...）＋tosb.＋that從句Ⅰ.語法填空——詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、固定搭配、易錯動詞變形1.[2023浙江1月]Iparkedmycaroutsidethefarmandwalkedpastamilkinghousewhichhadapparently（apparent）notbeenusedinmanyyears.2.[2021浙江]Heshowedusthatevenasingledesire，nevergivenupon，canmakeforaremarkable（remark）life.3.[2021天津]ItwasnotuntilIfollowedthisfeelingtoitssourcethatIdiscoveredIhadapassionforwriting.4.[2021天津]Vitalto/forhumanlife，artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.5.[2021天津3月]Societypushesustospecialize，tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation，branchofstudyorresearch.6.[2020全國Ⅱ]Asanovelist（novel），I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.以-ist結尾的表示人的名詞還有：artist（藝術家）；chemist（化學家）；dentist（牙科醫(yī)生）；journalist（記者）；scientist（科學家）；tourist（游客）等。7.[2020全國Ⅲ]Itellmymomthatifwe’reforcedtoeatthings，wemaybecomeill.Butsheinsistsonuseating（eat）healthyfood.8.[2020天津]ThisledJonestotheconclusion（conclude）thattherearetoomanyextremelylonelypeopleinhiscommunity，whoareeasytargetsofcheating.9.[全國Ⅲ]Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgradually（gradual）from800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.10.[江蘇高考]Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor，say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled（flee）.Ⅱ.閱讀理解——一詞多義、熟詞生義1.A.n.流暢B.v.流動C.n.流量①[2023新高考Ⅰ]Adirtystream，forexample，oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived. B②[2021新高考Ⅰ]Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.A③[2021北京]We’renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers，whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges. C2.[2022北京]Thisshowsthatwehavesomewaytotravelbeforeachievingthefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinking—which，inthisexample，istoidentifymoreconstituentpartsofthenutritionsystem. n.目標objective常作形容詞，表示"客觀的"，出現(xiàn)在觀點態(tài)度題的選項中。其他常見選項有：supportive（支持的）；positive（積極的）；disapproving（反對的）；neutral（中立的）；complicated（復雜的）；doubtful/skeptical（懷疑的）；tolerant（寬容的）；conservative（保守的）。3.[2021浙江]TheresultwasProjectWildThing，afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork，agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.v.記錄4.[天津高考]Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger. v.犯（錯）Ⅲ.寫作——基礎寫作、讀后續(xù)寫寫作一基礎寫作——中國歷史人物[2023全國甲]你們學校正舉辦主題為"用英文講中國故事"的征文活動。請你以一位中國歷史人物為題寫一篇短文投稿。內(nèi)容包括：1.人物簡介及事跡；2.意義或啟示?！?qū)懽饕c1.在我看來，在眾多公認的中國歷史人物中，范仲淹是最有影響力的。（numerous，acknowledged）AmongnumerousChinesehistoricalfiguresthatarewidelyacknowledged，F(xiàn)anZhongyanisthemostinfluentialinmyopinion.2.范仲淹是宋代著名的文學家和政治家，因其對社會的卓越貢獻而受到人們的高度贊賞。（politician，remarkable）KnownasafamouswriterandpoliticianintheSongDynasty，F(xiàn)anZhongyanwashighlyappreciatedbecauseofhisremarkablecontributionstosociety.3.他提出建立國家學校系統(tǒng)，這對中國的教育制度產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。（foundation）Heproposedthefoundationofanationalschoolsystem，whichhadafar-reachinginfluenceontheChineseeducationalsystem.4.總之，范仲淹一直激勵著我做一個品格高尚的人。（conclusion）Inconclusion，F(xiàn)anZhongyanalwaysinspiresmetobeamanofnoblecharacter.◎連句成篇請運用恰當?shù)倪B接詞將以上寫作要點串聯(lián)成一篇語意連貫的短文。TheHistoricalFigureinChinaAmongnumerousChinesehistoricalfiguresthatarewidelyacknowledged，F(xiàn)anZhongyanisthemostinfluentialinmyopinion.KnownasafamouswriterandpoliticianintheSongDynasty，F(xiàn)anZhongyanwashighlyappreciatedbecauseofhisremarkablecontributionstosociety.Hecommittedhimselftocarryingoutaseriesofreformstomakehiscountryprosperous.Besides，heproposedthefoundationofanationalschoolsystem，whichhadafar-reachinginfluenceontheChineseeducationalsystem.Whatimpressesmemostishisfamousphilosophyoflife："Bethefirsttoworryaboutthetroublesacrosstheland，thelasttoenjoyuniversalhappiness."Inconclusion，F(xiàn)anZhongyanissucharolemodelthathealwaysinspiresmetobeamanofnoblecharacter.寫作二讀后續(xù)寫——情感描寫之困惑與迷茫積累背誦仿寫運用單詞confused，confusing，puzzled，puzzling，lost；confusion，puzzlement根據(jù)左欄素材完成下列各句1.盡管吉米既困惑又生氣，他還是聽媽媽的話離開了房間。Puzzledandangry，Jimmyobeyedhismotherandlefttheroom.（形容詞作狀語）2.他疑惑地看著帕特說："但你早晨為什么這么早就出來了？"HelookedatPatinconfusion/puzzlementandasked，"Butwhyareyououtsoearlyinthemorning？"3.其中有一個標志把我弄糊涂了，于是我把售貨員叫過來問道："那個標志是什么意思？"Oneofthesignsgotmepuzzled/confused，soIcalledoverthesalesmanandasked，"Whatdoesthatsignmean？"（get＋賓語＋賓補）4.她轉(zhuǎn)過身來，看見母親臉上困惑的表情。Assheturnedbackshecaughtthepuzzledlookonhermother’sface.5.我弟弟一直在哭，我不知道該如何應對。MylittlebrotherkeptcryingandIwasatalosshowtoreact.詞組1.ataloss迷茫的2.inconfusion/puzzlement困惑地，迷茫地3.apuzzled/confusedlook困惑的表情4.scratchone’shead（困惑、為難等時）撓頭5.belostforwords不知說什么才好佳句1.Aftermyexplanation，Mandystillhadapuzzledexpressiononherface.我解釋之后，曼迪仍然一臉困惑。2.Facingthequestion，Lukescratchedhishead，lookingpuzzled.面對這個問題，盧克撓了撓頭，看起來很困惑。3.Silencefilledtheroomandpuzzlementwaswrittenallovereveryone’sface.房間里一片寂靜，每個人的臉上都寫滿了困惑。4.Ireadthenotetwice，butIwasstillinafog.我把紙條讀了兩遍，但還是一頭霧水。一、閱讀理解A[2024浙江名校協(xié)作體聯(lián)考]GladysWest，themathematician，wasbornin1930inVirginiaandhadtohelpharvestcropsonherfamily’sfarm.Thehardworkstartedbeforedaybreakandlastedwellintotheblisteringheatoftheafternoon.Togetoutofthere，shewasgoingtogetaneducation.Herparentstriedtosavesomemoneytosendhertocollege，butunexpectedbillskepthittingthefund.Thenateacherannouncedthatthestatewasgoingtogiveacollegescholarshiptothetwotopstudentsfromhergrade.Finally，Westgotthescholarship，allowinghertoattendVirginiaStateCollege（nowVirginiaStateUniversity），ahistoricallyblackuniversity.Westdecidedtomajorinmathematicsbecauseitwasawell-respectedsubject.Itwaslargelystudiedbymen，butshedidn’ttakemuchnoticeofitassheknewdeepinherheartthatnothingwasgettinginherway.Aftergraduating，shebecameateacher.Afewyearslater，shereturnedtotheuniversityandearnedamaster’sdegreeinmathematics.ThenshewasofferedajobatanavalbaseinDahlgren，Virginia.Thismadeheronlythesecondblackwomantobehiredtoworkasaprogrammeratthebase.Despiteherintellectualabilitiesandcareersuccess，Westfeltshewasinferior.Itwasthisfeeling，deeplyrootedandfeltbymanyAfricanAmericans，thatdrovehertoworkashardasshecould.Westdeterminedtocommitherselftoherwork，hopingthatbydoingittothebestofherability，shecouldgetrecognitionforherwork.Westdidjustthat.In1978，shebecameprojectmanagerfortheSeasatproject，thefirstsatellitethatcouldmonitortheoceans.SheprogrammedanIBM7030"Stretch"computer，providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockforwhatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.In1998，aged68，sheintendedtofocusonherPhDafterretirement.SheeventuallyfinishedhergraduationthesisandgainedherPhDinpublicadministrationandpolicyaffairsin2000attheageof70.本文主要介紹了非裔美國數(shù)學家GladysWest的故事。她幼年家境貧困，上大學時主修數(shù)學，畢業(yè)后擔任教師，后又成為海軍基地的程序員。由于工作努力，她成為項目經(jīng)理，70歲時獲得了博士學位。【詞語積累】programmern.（計算機）程序員intellectualadj.智力的；有才智的commitoneselfto致力于accurateadj.準確的，精確的1.WhatwasthedecisivefactortoenableGladysWesttogototheuniversity？A.Herteacher’saidingher.B.Herparents’payingtheexpenses.C.Herfamilybackground.D.Thescholarshipfromthegovernment.解析D細節(jié)理解題。由第二段的"Thenateacherannouncedthat...fromhergrade"可知，政府將給她那個年級的兩名優(yōu)等生提供大學獎學金。結合該段下文內(nèi)容可知，她獲得了獎學金，進入了大學。據(jù)此可知，是政府提供的獎學金促成了她讀大學，故D項正確。2.Whatcanweinferfromthetext？A.Westgotallherdegreesafterretirement.B.MendominatedthemathsfieldinWest’sdays.C.Blackwomenscientists’talentwasfullyappreciated.D.Whenshebegantowork，Westfeltshewassuperiortoothers.解析B推理判斷題。由第三段的"Itwaslargelystudiedbymen"可知，在那個年代，數(shù)學主要是由男性研究的；據(jù)此可以推知，在West那個年代，男性在數(shù)學領域占主導地位，故選B項。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"abuildingblock"inparagraph5mean？A.Abasicpart. B.Adetailedmap.C.Abuildingmaterial. D.Amajorobstacle.解析A詞義猜測題。由語境可知，畫線短語所在句表示"這個詳細的地球形狀數(shù)學模型是GPS軌道的基礎"，故畫線短語的意思應為"基礎組成部分，構成要素"，所以A項切題。4.WhatkindofpersonwasGladysWest？A.Helpfulandserious.B.Honestandhardworking.C.Ambitiousandcommitted.D.Considerateanddevoted.解析C推理判斷題。由第一段描述可知，GladysWest自小在家從事艱苦勞動，為了離開家，她決定上學；由第三段內(nèi)容可知，她決定學數(shù)學，雖然該領域內(nèi)男性居多，但她深知沒有什么可以阻擋她。據(jù)此可以推知，她是一位有抱負的人。由第四段的"Itwasthisfeeling...workashardasshecould"可知，她是一位對工作盡心盡力的人。綜上可知，C項正確。B[2023河南鄭州一測]FrenchwriterAnnieErnauxwonthe2022NobelPrizeinLiteraturein2022.SheisthefirstFrenchfemalewritertohavewontheprize.InthewordsoftheNobelcommittee，Ernauxwasgiventheaward"forthecourageandclinicalacuity（敏銳度）"ofherwriting.Havingspentover5decadesasawriter，the83-year-oldwinnerhaspublishedmorethan20bookstohername，includingCleanedOut（1974），Shame（1997），a2008memoir（回憶錄）calledTheYearsandAGirl’sStory（2020）.Ratherthanconsiderherselfawriteroffiction，Ernauxhasusedtheterm"anethnologist（社會人類學家）ofherself"todescribeherself.Bornin1940inaruralvillageinNormandy，F(xiàn)rance，Ernauxgrewupinaworking-classenvironmentasherparentsranacombinedgrocerystoreandcafé.Sheworkedasateacherbeforebecomingafull-timewriter.TwobooksbyotherFrenchwritersinspiredhertobeawriter：TheSecondSexbySimonedeBeauvoirandDistinctionbyPierreBourdieu.Theformerledhertowriteaboutfeminism（女權主義），andthelatterraisedherawarenessofthehugegapbetweenherandtheenvironmentshegrewupin.Besidesherreadinginfluences，her"upbringingandexperiencesnavigatingadolescenceandadulthood"alsoinspiremanyofherworks，notedthesocialmedia.Forexample，thebookShameexploresthethemeofchildhoodtrauma（精神創(chuàng)傷）whileAGirl’sStoryfollowsayoungwoman’scomingofageinthe1950s.ThoughthemattersErnauxdescribesinherbooksareseriousandevensometimesheavy，theyarealwayswritteninplainlanguage.Ernauxdescribedherstyleas"flatwriting"throughwhichsheaimstotellherstoriesobjectively."Herstyleisunshapedbyflorid（過多修飾的）descriptionoroverwhelmingemotions，"notedFoxNews."Shewritesaboutthingsthatnooneelsewritesabout，forinstanceherjealousy（嫉妒），herexperiencesasanabandonedloverandsoon，Imean，reallyhardexperiences，"AndersOlsson，chairmanoftheNobelliteraturecommittee，saidaftertheawardannouncementinStockholm.Hewentontosay，"Shegiveswordsfortheseexperiencesthatareverysimpleandstriking.Theyareshortbooks，buttheyarereallymoving."2022年諾貝爾文學獎頒給了AnnieErnaux，她是第一位贏得這個獎項的法國女作家。【詞語積累】inspirev.激勵，鼓舞；賦予靈感，啟發(fā)思考objectivelyadv.客觀地descriptionn.描寫（文字），形容，說明1.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAnnieErnauxfromthepassage？A.Shedescribedherselfasasciencefictionwriter.B.Shestartedwithafull-timewriterbeforebeingateacher.C.SheisconsideredtobethefirstFrenchpersontohavewontheprize.D.Shewasawardedforthebraveryandobservationshowninherwriting.解析D細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中的"Inthewords...‘forthecourageandclinicalacuity（敏銳度）’ofherwriting"可知，D項正確。2.WhatinspiredAnnieErnauxtowriteherworks？A.Herhardshipsoflife.B.Herteachingcareer.C.Herpersonalexperiences.D.Herworking-classbackground.解析C細節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的"TwobooksbyotherFrenchwritersinspiredhertobeawriter"和"Besidesherreadinginfluences，her‘upbringingandexperiencesnavigatingadolescenceandadulthood’...works"可知，AnnieErnaux寫作主要受到兩個方面的影響：一是她讀過的書，二是她的教養(yǎng)和個人經(jīng)歷，故C項正確。3.WhichwordsbestdescribeAnnieErnaux’swritingstyle？A.Seriousandsharp.B.Plainandobjective.C.Lightandhumorous.D.Elegantanddescriptive.解析B細節(jié)理解題。由文章第六段中的"Ernauxdescribedherstyleas‘flatwriting’...objectively"可知，B項正確。4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage？A.AWomanTellingHerOwnStoriesB.ATeacherBecomingaFull-timeWriterC.AFemaleWriterWinningManyAwardsD.AFrenchFemaleFightingfor